Development and Evaluation of Mathematical Model based Region of Interest for Rotary kiln Burning Zone Temperature in Cement Industry by Digital Image Processing

Industrial processes particularly cement manufacturing unit consumes about 7% of total fuel used in the industry and hence there are strenuous efforts to reduce the fuels and lower the production costs by applying Optimal Control Algorithms. In order to achieve these parameters in the Rotary Kiln Plant, we need to continuously monitor the temperatures of the burning zone inside the rotary kiln at Regions of Interest (ROI) in real-time. In this image processing setup a thermal camera samples the temperatures inside the kiln at a rate of 5 frames per 2 seconds. The images which are highly sensitive to red and green wavelengths provide sufficient resolution to differentiate between various burning temperatures. The present burning zone temperature measurement obtained from the radiation pyrometer is not reliable on the one hand and indicates temperature information about particular point in the burning zone on the other hand. This is inadequate for optimizing the operation the kiln where a kiln furnace camera has been already installed at the plant for watching the burning status the inside the kiln. Software will be developed to determine the temperature T, for the video captured from the camera. Presently real time video from the camera is displayed in a computer monitor at kiln control room. We will tap the video signal from the setup and the calculate the burning zone temperature at the Region of Interest utilizing real time Image Processing Technologies. The temperature signal so estimated will be validated using the radiation pyrometer signal obtained from the field. The graphical tool developed in MATLAB automatically converts the receiving color images to temperature measure by proposed algorithms and also interactively analyzes the temperatures in a neat graphical user interface, in less than 2 seconds duration. ROI can be selected by a movable and re-sizable window which acts like a probe on the kiln temperatures at this instant, then displays the summary statistics of the temperatures. The tool is extended to provide a real-time graph of average temperature in the ROI over a long time when the probe is fixed at a particular region. However, the developed temperature tool and the point burning zone temperature measured by a proposed mathematical model as like thermocouple in the plant. The results are carried out by MATLAB software and benefits will be quantified in terms of enhancement in the Production efficiency, Energy efficiency, Pollution Control and clean environment.

Temperature Variations in Drilling of CFRP/Aluminum and CFRP/Titanium Stacks

This paper describes the temperature variations observed in the drilling of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP)/Al, CFRP/Ti, Al/CFRP, and Ti/CFRP stacks. An infrared radiation pyrometer equipped with an optical fiber was used to measure the temperature. The optical fiber, inserted into the oil hole of an internal-coolant carbide drill, registered the infrared rays radiating from the bottom surfaces of the drilled holes. In drilling the CFRP/Ti stack, the temperature was ∼95°C in the CFRP layer. As the drill progressed into the Ti layer, the temperature increased to a very high value of 745°C at the bore exit. In the Ti/CFRP stack, meanwhile, the initial temperature was ∼170°C and increased to 695°C at the Ti/CFRP interface. Severe thermal damage, including fiber/resin pullout and matrix degradation, was caused by the heat at the bottom surface of the drilled hole in the Ti/CFRP stack. Along the edge of the entry point in the CFRP, the CFRP matrix was degraded by the heat. In drilling the CFRP/Al stack, the temperature in the Al layer was 200°C; little thermal damage was observed.

Online Temperature Detecting System in Hot Machining Process

A kind of optical fiber radiation pyrometer based on the theory of color comparison temperature measurement is designed in order to get the precise temperature on the appearance of work pieces during the process of plasma hot machining. In this article, the advantage of temperature measurement by optical fiber, the building of mathematic module for colorimetric temperature measurement, the application of key technology during the process of system building and the methods of reducing the interference is described in detail. The data calibrated and tested in blackbody furnace is given out. The results show that the precision of temperature measurement could reach to 0.5%. It is repetitiveness is well enough.

Numerical Correction High Temperature of Near-Infrared Colorimetry

Colorimetry is commonly used to measure the surface temperature as true one when the surface emissivity is constant. That is, the target is regarded as greybody. But in fact, most materials are not greybody. Spectrum emissivity has to do with wavelength and temperature. And in the most case, it is difficult to assure the exact values of the emissivity .This makes the relative error of the temperature big. Therefore, it is necessary to modify the emissivity response of radiation pyrometer. The factor influencing the spectrum was researched through the application of least square method to create the relationship of spectrum emissivity with wavelength and temperature, at last mathematic model was established which provided numerical correction of infrared two-color thermometry.

Temperature measurement of warm-dense-matter generated by intense heavy-ion beams

This paper describes a fast multi-channel radiation pyrometer that was developed for warm dense-matter experiments with intense heavy ion beams at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH (GSI). The pyrometer is capable of measuring brightness temperatures from 2000 K to 50,000 K, at six wavelengths in the visible and near-infrared parts of the spectrum, with 5 ns temporal resolution, and several micrometers spatial resolution. The pyrometer's spectral discrimination technique is based on interference filters, which also act as mirrors to allow for simultaneous spectral discrimination of the same ray at multiple wavelengths.