Viral Genomic Characterization and Replication Pattern of Human Polyomaviruses in Kidney Transplant Recipients

Human Polyomavirus (HPyV) infections are common, ranging from 60% to 100%. In kidney transplant (KTx) recipients, HPyVs have been associated with allograft nephropathy, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and skin cancer. Whether such complications are caused by viral reactivation or primary infection transmitted by the donor remains debated. This study aimed to investigate the replication pattern and genomic characterization of BK Polyomavirus (BKPyV), JC Polyomavirus (JCPyV), and Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV) infections in KTx. Urine samples from 57 KTx donor/recipient pairs were collected immediately before organ retrieval/transplant and periodically up to post-operative day 540. Specimens were tested for the presence of BKPyV, JCPyV, and MCPyV genome by virus-specific Real-Time PCR and molecularly characterized. HPyVs genome was detected in 49.1% of donors and 77.2% of recipients. Sequences analysis revealed the archetypal strain for JCPyV, TU and Dunlop strains for BKPyV, and IIa-2 strain for MCPyV. VP1 genotyping showed a high frequency for JCPyV genotype 1 and BKPyV genotype I. Our experience demonstrates that after KTx, HPyVs genome remains stable over time with no emergence of quasi-species. HPyVs strains isolated in donor/recipient pairs are mostly identical, suggesting that viruses detected in the recipient may be transmitted by the allograft.

Germline DNA replication shapes the recombination landscape in mammals

Summary:Genetic recombination generates novel trait combinations and understanding how recombination is distributed across the genome is key to modern genetics. The PRDM9 protein defines recombination hotspots, however megabase-scale recombination patterning is independent of PRDM9. The single round of DNA replication, which precedes recombination in meiosis, may establish these patterns, therefore we devised a novel approach to study meiotic replication that includes robust and sensitive mapping of replication origins. We find that meiotic DNA replication is distinct; reduced origin firing slows replication in meiosis and a distinctive replication pattern in human males underlies the sub-telomeric increase in recombination. We detected a robust correlation between replication and both contemporary and ancestral recombination and found that replication origin density coupled with chromosome size determines the recombination potential of individual chromosomes. Our findings and methods have far-reaching implications for understanding the mechanisms underlying DNA replication, genetic recombination, and the landscape of mammalian germline variation.

LB Broth-lyophilized Rabbit Anti-sheep Cell Haemolysin as a Simple Culture Medium for Cultivation of Leishmania Major Promastigotes

Background and Aims: The protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania are the causative agents of the various clinical diseases. Different methods of cultivation of Leishmanian parasites are available. In the present work, the efficacy of the LB broth with rabbit Lyophilized anti-Sheep RBC Haemolysin was evaluated in cultivation of promastigotes of Leishmania major. Material and Methods: conventional LB broth medium was prepared and autoclaved for 15 min at 121 °C and then lyophilized Rabbit anti-Sheep Cell Haemolysin was added at the 1-10% final concentrations. The efficacy of medium was evaluated by assessing the growth ability and replication pattern of the promastigotes of Leishmania major. Results: medium with 1-10% lyophilized Rabbit Haemolysin supported the growth of the parasites and can be used for cultivation of Leishmanian parasites with acceptable In vivo infectivity for research purpose. Conclusions: The ability of the parasites to survive and proliferating in the presence of lyophilized Rabbit Haemolysin indicating that this material a good nutritional source. This study opens a new way to make low- cost medium that could be used in cultivation of Leishmanian parasites.

Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Pesantren: Studi Kasus Pesantren Nurul Mursyidah Pandeglang

This writing constitutes a recording toward participatory research in the course of economic development at the Islamic boarding school. The discussion reveals the research process performed, including identification stage which is directed to determine which field to be developed. A strengthening stage is to supply the student related to the fishery materials. The implementation stage is the activity implementation with replication pattern. Companion stage as a dialogue media between the targeted Islamic boarding school and companion one. Reflection stage constitutes a collective evaluation media to identify problem faced in the implementation to determine a follow-up. AbstrakTulisan ini merupakan rekaman terhadap penelitian partisipatif dalam rangka pengembangan ekonomi di pesantren. Pembahasannya mengungkap proses penelitian yang dilakukan, meliputi tahap identifikasi yang diarahkan untuk menentukan bidang apa yang akan dikembangkan. Tahap penguatan untuk membekali santri terkait mater-materi perikanan. Tahap implementasi adalah pelaksanaan materi dengan pola replikasi. Tahap pendampingan sebagai wadah dialog antara pesantren sasarang dengan pesantren pendamping. Tahap refleksi yang merupakan ajang evaluasi bersama untuk mengidentifikasi permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam pelaksanaan yang selanjutnya untuk menentukan tindaklanjut.