Effect of solvent nature on propylene glycol oxidation with tert-butyl hydroperoxide over metal–organic framework Cr-MIL-101

The effect of solvent nature on conversion, product yields and reaction kinetics of selective propylene glycol oxidation with tert-butyl hydroperoxide over porous chromium terephthalate Cr-MIL-101 used as a heterogeneous catalyst is considered.

Luminescence properties in relation to controllable morphologies of Ba3[Ge2B7O16(OH)2](OH)(H2O):Eu3+ and its thermal conversion product Ba3Ge2B6O16:Eu3+

The photoluminescence properties (PL) related to three morphologies of Ba3[Ge2B7O16(OH)2](OH)(H2O):Eu3+ have been discussed in this paper.

5-hydroxymethylfurfural in bee feed

Classical beefeed is a concentrated sucrose solution that has to be freshly prepared by the beekeeper. Commercial bee feeds are invert sugar or starch syrups with added fructose that prevents cristallisation and keeps the bee feed fit for use for a longer period of time. During recent years, maximum levels of 5-hydroxymethyl-furfural (“HMF”), a conversion product of fructose are increasingly discussed. A comprehensive literature evaluation revealed that studies of the past were limited to a few publications on caged bees and that below 150 mg HMF/kg feed no adverse effects on bees were observed. In own outdoor trials under bee keeping conditions up to 150 mg HMF/kg of a fructose/invert sugar mixture were well tolerated. It can be assumed that the HMF tolerance of a feed depends on environmental conditions as well as the overall bee feed digestibility. From these data, no need for setting maximum levels of HMF in bee feed can be derived. The HMF content of bee feed increases temperature-dependent during storage and feeding. A limit between 20 and 40 mg HMF/kg feed syrup would prompt reformulations to ensure its compliance throughout the chain from production to the time of exposure to the bee. Accompanying measures (temperature control) would be needed throughout the chain. Reformulated bee feeds would need to be tested in pre-market trials under practical conditions in all European bee keeping climates to safely exclude other potential adverse effect of currently not predictable variables.

Microbial Transformation of Glycyrrhetinic Acid by Colletotrichum lini AS3.4486

The biotransformation of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid by Colletotrichum lini AS3.4486 was investigated. The conversion reaction was carried out for 72h, and the sole product was isolated by column chromatography and elucidated as 7β,15α-dihydroxy-18β-glycyrrhetinic acid by HR-ESI-MS, 1H-NMR , 13C-NMR and single–crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal of the conversion product belongs to orthorhombic, space group P212121 with 11.828(1), 13.213(2), 19.606(2) Å , V = 3064.0 Å3, Z = 4. This study povides a new method for the synthesis of 7β,15α-dihydroxy-18β-glycyrrhetinic acid.

Proses Produksi di Pabrik Tabung Elpiji

Currently the use of liquefied petroleum gas is urgently needed as a substituting fuel in both household sector and industrial sector. The Government’s program namely the conversion of kerosene to LPG encouraged people who still use kerosene as a fuel to switch to LPG. There are some public complaints about the quality of the conversion product such as conflagration that occurs frequently caused by the explosion of LPG tube. Application of SNI LPG tube related to the energy conversion program is expected to give a safer condition to the users. This study is conducted by analyzing the quality requirement of LPG tube products according to SNI as well as to identify the fulfillment of LPG tube products.