Delineamientos de desarrollo local en tiempos de incertidumbre: oportunidad para otro tipo de planteamientos / / / \ \ \ Local development outlines in times of uncertainty: opportunity for other types of approaches

Resumen: La pandemia de Covid-19 han impactado en todos los ámbitos sociales y aspectos comunitarios, sociales y subjetivos. En el desarrollo local y regional esta situación ha tenido unos efectos devastadores sobre los que todavía es temprano para evaluar sus efectos, de tal manera que es posible referirse a un “antes” y un “después”. En este escenario y contexto inédito de incertezas y riesgos, es posible referirse a la contingencia como un nuevo marco de descripción de las sociedades, en la que los conceptos teóricos del desarrollo local (y social en general) deberán explorar nuevos conceptos emergentes, como son, el riesgo y el peligro, y con ello, repensar la lógica y teorías del desarrollo local, y sus posibilidades normativas para aplicarlo, a partir de la capacidad de autoorganización. Palabras clave: Autoorganización, Autoorientación, Teoría de sistemas, Contingencia. Abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic has impacted all social areas and community, social, and subjective aspects. In local and regional development, this situation has had devastating effects on which it is still too early to evaluate its effects, in such a way that it is possible to refer to a “before” and an “after”. In this unprecedented scenario and context of uncertainties and risks, it is possible to refer to contingency as a new framework for describing societies, in which the theoretical concepts of local (and social development in general) should explore new emerging concepts, such as, risk and danger, and with it, a rethinking of the logic and theories of local development, and its normative possibilities to apply it, based on the capacity for self-organization. Key words: Self-organization, Self-orientation, Systems theory, Contingency.

Features of the intrapsychic structure of the value orientations system of prisoners sentenced to imprisonment

The presented article analyzes the internal interconnections of the value orientation systems of male convicts who are serving sentences of imprisonment. The work was carried out on the basis of an empirical study carried out in correctional institutions of general and strict regimes of detention, correctional institutions of a strict regime of detention for convicts with acute tuberculosis. Using the methods of mathematical statistics (factorial and correlation analysis), the peculiarities of the intrapsychic structure of the system of value orientations of convicts were revealed. It is shown that along with the general and natural simpli-fication of the content of the value-semantic organization of the personality of convicts in comparison with law-abiding citizens, characteristic features of the latent structure of values are noted, which, in turn, can not only affect the behavior of the individual, but also prevent successful resocialization after release from places of deprivation of liberty. The characteristic features of the intrasystemic in-terconnections of the value orientations of convicts with acute tuberculosis were revealed. The findings may have theoretical and practical significance for the or-ganization of psychocorrectional work with convicts in places of detention.

Computationally Efficient Magnetic Position System Calibration

Properties such as high resolution, contactless (and thus wear-free) measurement, low power consumption, robustness against temperature and contamination as well as low cost make magnetic position and orientation systems appealing for a large number of industrial applications. Nevertheless, one major practical challenge is their sensitivity to fabrication tolerances. In this work, we propose a novel method for magnetic position system calibration based on the analytical computation of the magnetic field and on the application of an evolutionary optimization algorithm. This scheme enables the calibration of more than 10 degrees of freedom within a few seconds on standard quad-core ×86 processors, and is demonstrated by calibrating a highly cost-efficient 3D-printed 3-axis magnetic joystick.

Designing a model rocket with active stabilization and orientation in the guidance plane on the post-boost and boost-phase trajectory

Within the framework of a collective technical project for the creation of a small-lift class launch vehicle, this paper discusses the development of a model rocket design with an automatic control system designed to test active stabilization and orientation systems of the rocket in the guidance plane on the post-boost and boost-phase trajectory. The paper introduces several variants of the rocket layout and its design, presents the results of design and manufacture. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the issues of designing the orientation and stabilization system of a model rocket. Within the study, we carried out a preliminary strength calculation of the design of the rocket controls, analyzed the design and ergonomics of the stabilizers. The study shows that the rocket made complies with the technical requirements specified in the technical task for it, and stresses the prospects of using small-lift launch vehicles for launching small spacecraft.

Method for Determining Elements of Internal Orientation Calibration in Multi-Matrix Optoelectronic Devices

In the operation schemes of optical electronic devices (OED), such as digital autocollimators, direction finders, Shack-Hartmann sensors, as well as astro-orientation systems, projection measuring systems, geometric calibration schemes for OED, the photo-detector acts not only as a receiving device, but also as a measuring device. The tasks facing the OED photo-detectors. The solution to the problem is the use of several photo-detectors installed on one electronic board. Since OED photo-detectors act, inter alia, as measuring devices, it is necessary to perform their geometric calibration. Geometric calibration involves the measurement of interior orientation parameters used in the processing of OED images. Geometric calibration makes it possible to eliminate errors in mutual exposure of photo-detectors on one electronic board installed in the focal plane, as well as distortions introduced by the OED lens, primarily by distortion. The correctness of the interior orientation parameter determination is influenced by the relative position of the collimator, with the help of which the geometric calibration is performed, and the calibrated OED itself, i. e. the external orientation elements. The task is to separate the interior orientation parameters and the elements of external orientation. This is achieved using the method of mathematical processing of measured data in the forward and inverted positions of the collimator. This method of geometric calibration allows to use it for geometric calibration of OED with a large number of photo-detectors. The paper presents the results of the geometric calibration of the interior orientation parameters when the collimator projects a test object onto three photo-detectors of the OED layout. The factors influencing on the accuracy of the geometric calibration of the interior orientation elements for OED are determined in the paper. The developed method for geometric calibration of the interior orientation parameters for multi-matrix OED provides high measurement accuracy – not more than 0.1''–0.2''.

Understanding the deformation gradient in Abaqus and key guidelines for anisotropic hyperelastic user material subroutines (UMATs)

This tutorial paper provides a step-by-step guide to developing a comprehensive understanding of the different forms of the deformation gradient used in Abaqus, and outlines a number of key issues that must be considered when developing an Abaqus user defined material subroutine (UMAT) in which the Cauchy stress is computed from the deformation gradient. Firstly, we examine the "classical" forms of global and local deformation gradients. We then show that Abaqus/Standard does not use the classical form of the local deformation gradient when continuum elements are used, and we highlight the important implications for UMAT development. We outline the key steps that must be implemented in developing an anisotropic fibre-reinforced hyperelastic UMAT for use with continuum elements and local orientation systems. We also demonstrate that a classical local deformation gradient is provided by Abaqus/Standard if structural (shell and membrane) elements are used, and by Abaqus/Explicit for all element types. We emphasise, however, that the majority of biomechanical simulations rely on the use of continuum elements with a local coordinate system in Abaqus/Standard, and therefore the development of a hyperelastic UMAT requires an in-depth and precise understanding of the form of the non-classical deformation gradient provided as input by Abaqus. Several worked examples and case studies are provided for each section, so that the details and implications of the form of the deformation gradient can be fully understood. For each worked example in this tutorial paper the source files and code (Abaqus input files, UMATs, and Matlab script files) are provided, allowing the reader to efficiently explore the implications of the form of the deformation gradient in the development of a UMAT.