MIGRASI ORANG TUA DAN KOGNITIF ANAK: ANALISIS DATA IFLS 2007 DAN 2014

Study about migration commonly focuses on the migrants themselves. However, some studies showed that migration also has economic and social impacts on their families, including their children. Cognitive ability is one of the fundamental aspects of child human capital development. This research aims to study the effect of parental migration on children's cognitive ability. This study employs longitudinal data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) in 2007 and 2014 analysed using the Pooled Least Square method and Instrumental Variable Two-Step Least Square (IV 2SLS). Descriptive results show a decline in the average cognitive score of children aged 14-25 years. Moreover, there were no significant differences in cognitive scores between children of migrant parents and non-migrant parents. Inferential results also found that parental migration did not significantly affect children's cognitive ability. Children's cognition is influenced by other characteristics such as age, sex, years of schooling, mother's education, per capita education expenditure, and area of residence.

Maternal depression and child human capital: A genetic instrumental-variable approach

We here address the causal relationship between maternal depression and child human capital using UK cohort data. We exploit the conditionally-exogenous variation in mothers’ genomes in an instrumental-variable approach, and describe the conditions under which mother’s genetic variants can be used as valid instruments. An additional episode of maternal depression between the child’s birth up to age nine reduces both their cognitive and non-cognitive skills by 20 to 45% of a SD throughout adolescence. Our results are robust to a battery of sensitivity tests addressing, among others, concerns about pleiotropy and the maternal transmission of genes to her child.