Lithium Recovery from Water Resources by Ion Exchange and Sorption Method

Demand to lithium rising swiftly as increasing due to its rapidly increasing dosages diverse applications such as rechargeable batteries, light aircraft alloys, and nuclear fusion. Lithium demand is expected to triple by 2025 driven by battery applications, specifically electric vehicles. To ensure the growing consumption of lithium, it is necessary to increase the production of lithium from different resources. Natural lithium resources mainly associate within granite pegmatite type deposit (spodumene and petalite ores), salt lake brines, seawater, and geothermal water. Among them, the reserves of lithium resources in salt lake brine, seawater, and geothermal water are in 70–80% of the total, which are excellent raw materials for lithium extraction. Compared to the minerals, the extraction of lithium from water resources is promising because this aqueous lithium recovery is more abundant, more environmentally friendly, and cost-effective. There are many ways to recover lithium from water resources. Among existing methods, the adsorption method is more promising on the way of manufacture. Therefore, the important progress on ion-exchange adsorption methods for lithium recovery from water resources searched ways, were summarized in detail, and the new trends in the future were also carried out.

Actual trends in the elaboration of advanced multifunctional coating systems for the efficient protection of lightweight aircraft alloys

One of the pillars of developed economics is modern transport, where there is always a high demand for the elaboration of lightweight efficient vehicles and transport facilities. Aluminum and magnesium alloys encounter continuously increasing applications in high-performance aircraft, automobile, and marine vehicles. Various advanced multilayered corrosion protective coating systems have recently been proposed to provide a reliable long-term corrosion protection combined with a number of supplemental beneficial properties. The present brief review is an attempt to summarize the basic trends and concepts regarding the elaboration of environmentally friendly multilayered and multifunctional corrosion protective coating systems. Our work summarizes these recent trends, including recently accepted environmental requirements. We have also distinguished the concepts for active and passive corrosion protection capabilities. The basic approach for the achievement of efficient active corrosion protection properties are outlined with suitable examples, such as inhibitor incorporation into ceramic or carbon nanoparticles, encapsulation of active self-healing compounds, reinforcing phase involvement and coating, finished by ultraviolet absorbers and hydrophobic compounds. As a main result, an entire conceptual model has been proposed based on the state-of-the-art analysis.