Impact Evaluation of Agriculture Technology Adoption: A Primary Data Analysis

The primary objective of the study is the assessment and impact evaluation of improved and new agriculture technology adoption on farmers’ income level in the region (Faisalabad). There are seven technologies used in the study to assess technology adoption impact. A micro panel primary data (206-07 & 2018-19) has been used. The propensity score is estimated and matched for average treatment effects (ATE) to analyze income effect. The assessment of technology adoption is observed using logistic approach for pooled data. The technology poverty index is used to measure the level of farmer technology adoption rate. The results indicate that these technologies have positive and significant role on farmers’ poverty and income level in the study area. The used improved technologies for the current showed positive and significant role in the farmers’ income determination. These agriculture technologies have an important role in increasing farmer income and welfare in the study area. The study recommends that more incentives to be announced to develop and promote improved technologies for adoption. The provision of these technologies may increase farmers’ income level as well as food security by engaging in other income-generating activities.

Research on the Impact of International Oil Prices on the Economy of Russia

In the process of Russian economic development, the oil industry is one of the important pillar industries. More than 50% of the total revenue of the Russian government comes from the oil and gas industry. Oil and oil products exports account for about 56.9% of Russia’s total export[1]. So Russia’s economy is inextricably linked to oil prices. Rosneft’s role in budgetary revenue sources is growing. In the development of the world economy, the change of international oil price affects the development of the Russian economy. This paper reviews the relevant theories about the relationship between oil price and Russia’s economic growth. Besides, the short-term and long-term effects of oil price fluctuation on Russian economy are analyzed with Keynes’s income determination theory and “resource Curse” theory[2] respectively. In addition, the granger causality test is used to analyze the relationship between the fluctuation of oil price and the change of Russian GDP. The following conclusions are drawn from the analysis. Firstly, oil price rise is beneficial to Russian economic growth in the short term, but will hinder Russia’s economic long-term development. Secondly, the fluctuation of oil price is the granger cause of the change of Russian GDP. However, the change of Russian GDP is not the granger cause of the fluctuation of oil price.

An optimization technique for national income determination model with stability analysis of differential equation in discrete and continuous process under the uncertain environment

The paper represents a variation of the national income determination model with discrete and continuous process in fuzzy environment, a significant implication in economics planning, by means of fuzzy assumptions. This model is re-recognized and deliberated with fuzzy numbers to estimate its uncertain parameters whose values are not precisely known. Exhibition of imprecise solutions of the concerned model is carried out by using the proposed two methods: generalized Hukuhara difference and generalized Hukuhara derivative (gH-derivative) approaches. Moreover, the stability analysis of the model in two different systems in fuzzy environment is illustrated. Additionally, different illustrative examples for optimization of national income determination model are undertaken with the constructive graph and table for convenience for clarity of the projected approaches.

Commentary on Braun’s “The Ecological Rationality of Historical Costs and Conservatism”

Eduard Braun’s paper entitled “The Ecological Rationality of Historical Costs and Conservatism” has many elements which recommend it. Professor Braun has done an excellent job of summarizing several key topics in accounting theory, in particular those related to the issue of the revenue-expense versus the asset-liability approach to income determination and the historical cost versus fair value debate. In his paper, Braun argues that the revenue-expense approach to accounting cannot be traced to a distinct event. He also maintains that the revenue-expense approach is ecologically rational; that is, it results from “social evolution”, not human design. He goes on to argue that this ecological rationality is the reason why the efforts to impose the asset-liability approach favored by accounting standard-setters has encountered difficulties. He further argues that a solid basis for explaining the ecological rationality of the revenue-expense approach can be found in behavioral economics especially in Prospect Theory. He concludes that the revenue-expense approach is ecological rational and that it provides a basis for the organization of a market economy. The author supports his arguments with citations to well-respected accounting research which provides arguments against abandoning the revenue-expense approach (Waymire & Basu, 2007, Accounting is an evolved economic institution. Foundations and Trends in Accounting, 2(1–2), 1–173; Dickhaut, Basu, McCabe, & Waymire, 2009, Neuroaccounting II: Consilience between accounting principles and the primate brain. Retrieved January 30, 2009 from http://ssrn.com/abstract=1336517 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1336517; Dickhaut, 2009, The brain as the original accounting institution. The Accounting Review, 84(6), 1703–1712). This commentary will focus on two themes in Braun’s paper. First, the question of ecological rationality and whether this concept implies evolutionary progress. Second, the historical evolution of the revenue-expense approach, and why this approach can traced to several distinct events.

Velocity of Money, Endogenous Money and Rate of Interest

As an alternative to conceptualisation of endogenous money in Taylor’s rule of interest management, the present article considers Keynes’s general theoretic endogenous money supply, which is in response to demand for money generated in income determination process (and the induced growth processes). That money is important, as a real factor production, to actualise expected production (and growth processes). The contribution of the present article is to incorporate the crucial role of liquidity preference insight-based rate of interest to control endogenous money. The setting of such policy rate, in tune with the implicit pressures on liquidity preference, then, on principle, permits constancy of velocity, which permits in turn better monetary aggregate management achieved, now, by this Keynes’s route. JEL: E4; E5; E12

Prof. Richard Mattessich at 95. His Research Methodology

This paper is presented as a tribute to prof. Richard Mattessich. It is written “through the eyes” of a researcher who has worked closely with him over a period of 42 years, starting attending his courses of “Income Determination Theory” and “Research Methodology” at the University of British Columbia in 1975. Among his huge scientific research and publications, I intend to underline these three major contributions: (i) Accounting metrics and other mathematical instruments which anticipated computer spreadsheet by 30 years; (ii). The preparation of accountants for information economics by means of analytical methods; and (iii) The proposition of the “onion model of reality” to distinguish different Kind of reality.Este trabajo se presenta como un tributo al profesor Richard Mattessich. Está escrito “con los ojos” de un investigador que ha trabajado estrechamente con él durante un período de 42 años, comenzando a asistir a sus cursos de " Income Determination Theory" y "Research Methodology" en la Universidad de British Columbia en 1975. Entre su investigación y publicaciones, más importantes pretendo subrayar estas tres contribuciones principales: (i) Accounting metrics and other mathematical instruments which anticipated computer spreadsheet by 30 years; (ii) The preparation of accountants for information economics by means of analytical methods; y (iii) The proposition of the “onion model of reality” to distinguish different Kind of reality.