Genetic Studies of Response to Mature Embryo Culture and Relationship with Agro-Morphological Traits and Molecular Markers in Wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahaa El-Dein El-sayd Abd El-Fatah
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Mature Embryo ◽  
Genetic Studies

scholarly journals Peterhof collection of rye and its use in genetic studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly V. Voylokov ◽  
Svetlana P. Sosnikhina ◽  
Natalia D. Tikhenko ◽  
Natalia V. Tsvetkova ◽  
Elena I. Mikhailova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Associate Professor ◽  
Initial Material ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Interspecific Incompatibility ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Fundamental Research

The article provides information about the history and methods of development of “Peterhof” rye genetic collection, founded by V.S. Fedorov, Associate Professor of the Leningrad University. Isolation of self-compatible mutants, their crosses with self-incompatible rye plants, and subsequent self-pollination of hybrids allowed to reveal the allele diversity in heterogeneous and heterozygous rye varieties. In the course of genetic collection assembly the study of inheritance of qualitative and quantitative morphological traits, genetic control of self-compatibility, genetics of meiosis, genetics of interspecific incompatibility was performed. The corresponding genes were identified and, in most cases, mapped using isozymes and molecular markers. Fundamental research was introduced into practical breeding. Under the direction of V. S. Fedorov, and V. G. Smirnov the first in Russia tetraploid rye variety Leningradskaja Tetra was produced. Currently, based on the study of the genetics of self-fertility, the initial material is being obtained and used for improving rye population varieties. The possibility of using the genetic collection of rye to solve the fundamental problems of plant genetics is discussed.

scholarly journals Biology of Nodal Spread in Colon Cancer: Insights from Molecular and Genetic Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 361-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pridvi Kandagatla ◽  
Lilias H. Maguire ◽  
Karin M. Hardiman
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Potential Models ◽  
Node Metastasis ◽  
Node Metastases ◽  
Nodal Spread

Colorectal cancer (CRC) lymph node metastases are common but their genetics and the mechanism whereby these metastases occur are not well understood. Here we present recent data regarding genetic heterogeneity in primary CRCs and their metastasis. In addition, we explain the different potential models describing the mechanisms of metastasis and the data supporting them. Multiple studies have also revealed a variety of prognostic molecular markers that are associated with lymph node metastasis in CRC. A better understanding of genetic heterogeneity and the mechanisms of metastasis is critical to predicting clinical response and resistance to targeted therapy.

Genetic diversity and population structure of Algerian chickpea (Cicer arietinum) genotypes: use of agro-morphological traits and molecular markers linked or not linked to the gene or QTL of interest

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Djihad Bellemou ◽  
Teresa Millàn ◽  
Juan Gil ◽  
Aissa Abdelguerfi ◽  
Meriem Laouar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Conservation Of Genetic Resources ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Assessment of genetic diversity among chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) germplasm at the morphological and molecular levels is fundamental for chickpea breeding and conservation of genetic resources. Genetic variability of 46 chickpea genotypes including 42 Algerian genotypes and four control varieties was evaluated by using 15 agro-morphological traits. Eleven molecular markers including nine simple sequence repeats, one sequence characterised amplified region (SCY17) and one gene-specific (CaETR4) were used to characterise the 46 genotypes and eight references varieties added for disease resistance or susceptibility. Genotypes resistant to ascochyta blight were identified by the markers SCY17 and CaETR4 present together. High diversity was observed for all measured morphological traits between genotypes. Yield components, plant height, phenological traits and growth habit were the traits most involved in variation among genotypes and were partitioned into four groups by using principal component analysis. All molecular markers were polymorphic. In total, 91 alleles were obtained ranging from 2 to 21 per locus with average of 8.27 alleles per marker. Polymorphism information content ranged from 0.58 to 0.99 with an average value of 0.87. UPGMA clustering and Bayesian-based model structure analysis grouped genotypes into two clusters, but the distribution of the genotypes by cluster was not the same for the two analyses. According to the presence of markers indicating resistance to ascochyta blight (SCY17 and CaETR4), three resistant genotypes (FLIP 82-C92, ILC 6909, ILC 7241) were selected and should be tested in controlled conditions for confirmation. Considering the narrow diversity of cultivated chickpea, the Algerian genotypes can be considered as interesting for future breeding programs.

Genetic perspectives on invasions: the case of the Cladocera

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1229-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D.N Hebert ◽  
Melania E.A Cristescu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Invasion Biology ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Genetic Analyses ◽  
Species Invasions ◽  
Historical Levels ◽  
Natural Incidence ◽  
Dna Bar Coding

Using freshwater cladocerans as an example, this paper explores the contributions that genetic analyses are making to the field of invasion biology. Most importantly, this approach enables a quantification of the incidence of both recent and past invasions. By determining genetic divergence between European and North American lineages of cladocerans, it is possible to estimate the natural incidence of past exchange between these continents. The results of this analysis establish that the current pace of species invasions is extraordinary; present rates are nearly 50 000 times higher than historical levels. Genetic studies can also exploit molecular markers to localize the points of origin of invaders. Finally, genetic studies are poised to play an important role in monitoring invasions; the DNA bar-coding of life is now simple and rapid enough to enable the development of molecular identification systems.

A new record of Tricholoma caligatum (Tricholomataceae) from North Africa with a discussion of related species

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 282 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
MOUNIA BENAZZA-BOUREGBA ◽  
JEAN-MICHEL SAVOIE ◽  
ZOHRA FORTAS ◽  
CHRISTOPHE BILLETTE
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
North Africa ◽  
New Record ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
North African ◽  
Mediterranean Species ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
The North

Among the Basidiomycota, matsutake are the most appreciated mushrooms in Japan. Some Tricholoma species belonging to matsutake group are exported from North Africa to Japan. Until the beginning of the 21st century, the North African ‘matsutake’ was identified as T. caligatum, which is a circum-Mediterranean species described in 1834. However, recent molecular analyses uncover some North African isolates as T. anatolicum, which is a species described from Turkey in 2003. As a result, the presence of T. caligatum in North Africa remained to be confirmed. We analyzed a recent specimen collected in Algeria from mixed forest and based on molecular and morphological data, we found that it belongs to T. caligatum, indicating the existence of two species in North Africa. Morphological traits and molecular markers are proposed here to easily distinguish these two species from each other. The concept of both the species and their respective geographic distributions are discussed.

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