scholarly journals Peterhof collection of rye and its use in genetic studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly V. Voylokov ◽  
Svetlana P. Sosnikhina ◽  
Natalia D. Tikhenko ◽  
Natalia V. Tsvetkova ◽  
Elena I. Mikhailova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Associate Professor ◽  
Initial Material ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Interspecific Incompatibility ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Fundamental Research

The article provides information about the history and methods of development of “Peterhof” rye genetic collection, founded by V.S. Fedorov, Associate Professor of the Leningrad University. Isolation of self-compatible mutants, their crosses with self-incompatible rye plants, and subsequent self-pollination of hybrids allowed to reveal the allele diversity in heterogeneous and heterozygous rye varieties. In the course of genetic collection assembly the study of inheritance of qualitative and quantitative morphological traits, genetic control of self-compatibility, genetics of meiosis, genetics of interspecific incompatibility was performed. The corresponding genes were identified and, in most cases, mapped using isozymes and molecular markers. Fundamental research was introduced into practical breeding. Under the direction of V. S. Fedorov, and V. G. Smirnov the first in Russia tetraploid rye variety Leningradskaja Tetra was produced. Currently, based on the study of the genetics of self-fertility, the initial material is being obtained and used for improving rye population varieties. The possibility of using the genetic collection of rye to solve the fundamental problems of plant genetics is discussed.

Mating in the harvestman Leiobunum vittatum (Arachnida: Opiliones): from premating struggles to solicitous tactile engagement

Behaviour ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 151 (12-13) ◽  
pp. 1663-1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasey D. Fowler-Finn ◽  
Emilia Triana ◽  
Owen G. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Nuptial Gift ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Male Size ◽  
Mechanical Advantage ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Mutual Mate Choice ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Study ◽  
Multiple Stages

When mating interactions are influenced by multiple sources of selection, they may involve multiple stages of mate assessment. At each stage, a different set of morphological and behavioural traits may be important in determining the outcome of the interaction. Here, we test the potential for multiple sources of selection to shape mating interactions in Leiobunum vittatum harvestmen, commonly known as ‘daddy longlegs’. We provide a qualitative and quantitative study of mating interactions, and investigate the influence of multiple morphological traits on each of several distinct stages of their mating interactions. Mating interactions start with a struggle between males and females during which the male attempts to secure the females in a mating embrace. Success at this stage depends on the length of the male’s clasping pedipalps: those with shorter pedipalps (and thus greater mechanical advantage) were more successful. Male size relative to the female determines how quickly males achieve this embrace. Mating interactions then proceed to tactile exchanges between males and females, indicating the potential for mutual mate choice and/or peri- and post-copulatory selection. We found no morphological predictors of the timing of these later stages of the mating interactions, and suggest that the exchange of a nuptial gift is important for the dynamics of these stages. Overall, our results highlight L. vittatum as a potentially highly informative group for studying how traits involved in mating are shaped by the interaction of selection across multiple stages in mating interactions.

A Middle Pleistocene Homo from Nesher Ramla, Israel

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 372 (6549) ◽  
pp. 1424-1428
Author(s):  
Israel Hershkovitz ◽  
Hila May ◽  
Rachel Sarig ◽  
Ariel Pokhojaev ◽  
Dominique Grimaud-Hervé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Genetic Contribution ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Parietal Bones ◽  
European Group

It has long been believed that Neanderthals originated and flourished on the European continent. However, recent morphological and genetic studies have suggested that they may have received a genetic contribution from a yet unknown non-European group. Here we report on the recent discovery of archaic Homo fossils from the site of Nesher Ramla, Israel, which we dated to 140,000 to 120,000 years ago. Comprehensive qualitative and quantitative analyses of the parietal bones, mandible, and lower second molar revealed that this Homo group presents a distinctive combination of Neanderthal and archaic features. We suggest that these specimens represent the late survivors of a Levantine Middle Pleistocene paleodeme that was most likely involved in the evolution of the Middle Pleistocene Homo in Europe and East Asia.

Breeding and Mating Systems of Australian Proteaceae

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross L. Goldingay ◽  
Susan M. Carthew
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Pollen Deposition ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Key Events

There has been a significant increase in the number of studies investigating plant breeding and mating systems over the past 10 years. The family Proteaceae, in particular, has dominated such research conducted in Australia. Thus it is now timely to present a critical review of the breeding and mating systems of the Australian Proteaceae. It is hoped that this will stimulate further research. The review covers key events between pollen deposition on stigmas through to fruit set. The genus Banksia, although not the most diverse of the family, has received a disproportionate amount of attention. It has featured in nine published studies of self-compatibility compared to 13 studies spanning the other 45 genera and has featured in eight genetic studies of the mating system compared to just two on other genera. Few studies have assessed the timing of stigma receptivity despite the intriguing situation in most Proteaceae of auto-deposition of self-pollen on or near stigmas at anthesis. Studies suggest that stigmas are not receptive until 0.5–4 days after anthesis. Banksia species appear to show low levels of self-compatibility although one subspecies shows high levels of selfing and evidence of selective fruit development. Self-compatibility may be more common in other genera, although a dearth of studies precludes generalisation. Assessment of mating systems indicates almost complete outcrossing for most species, lending support to the idea of selective fruit development. It is clear that many further studies of all topics are required but particularly across a wide range of genera because many have not been studied at all.

scholarly journals Biology of Nodal Spread in Colon Cancer: Insights from Molecular and Genetic Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 361-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pridvi Kandagatla ◽  
Lilias H. Maguire ◽  
Karin M. Hardiman
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Potential Models ◽  
Node Metastasis ◽  
Node Metastases ◽  
Nodal Spread

Colorectal cancer (CRC) lymph node metastases are common but their genetics and the mechanism whereby these metastases occur are not well understood. Here we present recent data regarding genetic heterogeneity in primary CRCs and their metastasis. In addition, we explain the different potential models describing the mechanisms of metastasis and the data supporting them. Multiple studies have also revealed a variety of prognostic molecular markers that are associated with lymph node metastasis in CRC. A better understanding of genetic heterogeneity and the mechanisms of metastasis is critical to predicting clinical response and resistance to targeted therapy.

Morphological reassessment and new locality records for Galea comes Thomas, 1919 (Rodentia, Caviidae)

Mammalia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-609
Author(s):  
Pablo Teta ◽  
María Carolina Madozzo-Jaén ◽  
Alexandra M.R. Bezerra ◽  
Pablo E. Ortiz ◽  
Sergio O. Lucero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Northwestern Argentina ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Distributional Range ◽  
Emended Diagnosis

Abstract The genus Galea Meyen, 1833 includes at least five species of terrestrial, diurnal and herbivorous cavies that occupy grasslands and rocky scrub areas at both high and low elevations in South America. According to the available molecular and morphological data, Galea comes Thomas, 1919 is restricted to highland areas above 2000 m in southern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina. Its distributional range as well as its morphological distinctiveness from other closely related species (Galea leucoblephara and Galea musteloides) is poorly documented. Using both qualitative and quantitative morphological traits, we provided an emended diagnosis for G. comes. In addition, we added six new locality records to its known distribution.

Genetic diversity and population structure of Algerian chickpea (Cicer arietinum) genotypes: use of agro-morphological traits and molecular markers linked or not linked to the gene or QTL of interest

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Djihad Bellemou ◽  
Teresa Millàn ◽  
Juan Gil ◽  
Aissa Abdelguerfi ◽  
Meriem Laouar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Conservation Of Genetic Resources ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Assessment of genetic diversity among chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) germplasm at the morphological and molecular levels is fundamental for chickpea breeding and conservation of genetic resources. Genetic variability of 46 chickpea genotypes including 42 Algerian genotypes and four control varieties was evaluated by using 15 agro-morphological traits. Eleven molecular markers including nine simple sequence repeats, one sequence characterised amplified region (SCY17) and one gene-specific (CaETR4) were used to characterise the 46 genotypes and eight references varieties added for disease resistance or susceptibility. Genotypes resistant to ascochyta blight were identified by the markers SCY17 and CaETR4 present together. High diversity was observed for all measured morphological traits between genotypes. Yield components, plant height, phenological traits and growth habit were the traits most involved in variation among genotypes and were partitioned into four groups by using principal component analysis. All molecular markers were polymorphic. In total, 91 alleles were obtained ranging from 2 to 21 per locus with average of 8.27 alleles per marker. Polymorphism information content ranged from 0.58 to 0.99 with an average value of 0.87. UPGMA clustering and Bayesian-based model structure analysis grouped genotypes into two clusters, but the distribution of the genotypes by cluster was not the same for the two analyses. According to the presence of markers indicating resistance to ascochyta blight (SCY17 and CaETR4), three resistant genotypes (FLIP 82-C92, ILC 6909, ILC 7241) were selected and should be tested in controlled conditions for confirmation. Considering the narrow diversity of cultivated chickpea, the Algerian genotypes can be considered as interesting for future breeding programs.

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