scholarly journals THE DISASTER IN THE NETHERLANDS CAUSED BY THE STORM FLOOD OF FEBRUARY 1, 1953

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Wemelsfelder
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Average Width ◽  
The North ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The North Sea

It will be useful to show first a sketch of the situation of our low lying area with regard to the North Sea (Fig. 1). We might idealize the North Sea in the shape of a rectangular pocket, nearly 400 miles wide and 500 miles long, open to the Atlantic in the line Duncansby (Scotland) - Bergen (Norway). For its size the North Sea is relatively shallow. The depth is of the order of magnitude of 60 m. The funnel-like Southern part, between England and the Netherlands, is not more than 40 m deep. The average width of this part is 250 miles.

Storm surges in the North Sea during the winter 1953-4

1956 ◽  
Vol 235 (1201) ◽  
pp. 260-274 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
The North ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Sea Ports ◽  
Phase Angles

Records of sea level for several North Sea ports for the winter of 1953-4 have been in vestigated. They were split into 14-day intervals, and each 14-day record was Fourieranalyzed to determine if any non-astronomical periods were present. There was evidence of some activity between 40 and 50 h period, and a determination of the phase angles at different ports showed that the activity could be due to a disturbance travelling southwards from the north of the North Sea. The disturbance was partly reflected somewhere near the line from Lowestoft to Flushing, so that one part returned past Flushing and Esbjerg towards Bergen while the other part travelled towards Dover, and there was evidence of its existence on the sea-current records taken near St Margaret's Bay. These results were confirmed by subtracting the predicted astronomical tidal levels from the observed values of sea level and cross-correlating the residuals so obtained for each port with those found at Lowestoft. The residuals at Lowestoft and Aberdeen were compared with the meteorological conditions, and it was found that, although they could be attributed to a large extent to conditions within the North Sea, there was an additional effect due to a travelling surge which was of the same order of magnitude at both Lowestoft and Aberdeen and which was closely related to the rate of change with time of the atmospheric pressure difference between Wick and Bergen.

Blame the Barbarians

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-82
Author(s):  
Arika Okrent ◽  
Sean O’Neill
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Old English ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
Latin Language ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Germanic Languages ◽  
Over Time

This chapter tells the story of how English got to be the weird way it is, which begins with the Germanic languages and the barbarians who spoke them. During the 5th century, an assortment of them poured across the North Sea, from what is today Denmark, the Netherlands, and Northern Germany, and conquered most of England. After about a century of the Germanic tribes taking over and settling in, the Romans returned. This time it was not soldiers but missionaries who arrived. The monks who came to convert the island to Christianity brought their Latin language with them, and they also brought the Latin alphabet. They set about translating religious texts into the language of the people they encountered, a language that by this time had coalesced into something that was Old English. However, there is another group of barbarians to blame: the Vikings. Their language was similar enough to Old English that they could communicate with the Anglo-Saxons without too much difficulty, and over time their own way of speaking mixed into the surrounding language, leaving vocabulary and expressions behind that do not quite fit the rest of the pattern at the old Germanic layer.

scholarly journals STABILITY PARAMETERS OF WESTERN SCHELDT ESTUARY

1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (19) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. De Jong ◽  
F. Gerritsen
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Scheldt Estuary ◽  
Stability Parameters ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The City

The Western Scheldt is a major estuary in the Southern part of The Netherlands and the Northern part of Belgium. It is an important navigational route connecting the city of Antwerp with the North Sea. At the entrance Vlissingen is a major Dutch port.

Albinistic common seals (Phoca vitulina) and melanistic grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) rehabilitated in the Netherlands

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nynke Osinga ◽  
Pieter 't Hart ◽  
Pieter van Voorst Vader
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Phoca Vitulina ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Halichoerus Grypus ◽  
Normal Behaviour ◽  
Delta Area ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Photophobic Reaction

AbstractThe Seal Rehabilitation and Research Centre (SRRC) in Pieterburen, The Netherlands, rehabilitates seals from the waters of the Wadden Sea, North Sea and Southwest Delta area. Incidental observations of albinism and melanism in common and grey seals are known from countries surrounding the North Sea. However, observations on colour aberrations have not been systematically recorded. To obtain the frequency of occurrence of these colour aberrations, we analysed data of all seals admitted to our centre over the past 38 years. In the period 1971-2008, 3000 common seals (Phoca vitulina) were rehabilitated, as well as 1200 grey seals (Halichoerus grypus). A total of five albinistic common seals and four melanistic grey seals were identified. This results in an estimated incidence of albinism in common seals of approximately 1/600, and of melanism in grey seals of approximately 1/300. The seals displayed normal behaviour, although in the albinistic animals, a photophobic reaction was observed in daylight.

scholarly journals THE DUTCH PROGRAM OF INVESTIGATIONS ON STORM SURGES IN THE NORTH SEA

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
J. B. Schijf
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Wind Effects ◽  
Shallow Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Western Germany ◽  
North Western

The North Sea is a shallow sea and therefore it is very sensitive to wind effects. As a result the water levels along the coasts are, in addition to the tidal oscillations subject to a considerable wind setup and exceptionally severe gales throughout history have been accompanied by inundations of the low-lying regions bordering the North Sea, in particular its southern part. No stretch of coast has suffered more than that belonging to the Netherlands and the adjacent parts of Belgium and North Western Germany. Several factors combine to bestow on us this doubtful privilege.

Significant Surge and Swab Offshore Brazil Induced by Rig Heave during Drillpipe Connections

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
John-Morten Godhavn ◽  
Banzi Olorunju ◽  
Dmitri Gorski ◽  
Martin Kvernland ◽  
Mateus Sant`Ana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Pressure Oscillations ◽  
The North ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Measurement While Drilling ◽  
Well Trajectory ◽  
The North Sea

Summary In this paper, we describe measured and simulated downhole pressure variations (“surge and swab”) during drillpipe connections when drilling an ultradeepwater well offshore Brazil on Bacalhau (former Carcará) Field. Floating rig motion caused by waves and swell (“rig heave”) induces surge and swab when the drillstring is suspended in slips to make up or break a drillpipe connection and topside heave compensation is temporarily deactivated. This is a known issue in regions with harsh weather, such as the North Sea, where pressure oscillations of up to 20 bar have been reported during connections. Recorded downhole drilling data from Bacalhau Field reveals significant pressure oscillations downhole (in the same order of magnitude as in the North Sea) each time the drillstring was suspended in slips to make a connection in the subsalt 8½-in. section of the well. Mud losses were experienced around the same well depth, and they might have been caused by surge and swab. Measured surge and swab pressure variations have been reproduced in an advanced proprietary surge and swab simulator that considers rig heave, drillpipe elasticity, well friction, non-Newtonian drilling mud, well trajectory, and geometry. Moreover, findings in this paper suggest that surge and swab was in fact significantly higher than recorded by the measurement while drilling (MWD) tool. The true magnitude of surge and swab is not captured in the recorded MWD data due to low sampling frequency of the downhole pressure recording (one measurement every 6 seconds, a standard downhole pressure sampling rate used on many operations today). This work shows that surge and swab during drillpipe connections on floaters may challenge the available pressure window for some wells, even in regions with calm weather such as Brazil. Managed pressure drilling (MPD) is a technique that improves control of the downhole pressure. It is, however, not possible to compensate fast downhole pressure transients, such as heave-induced surge and swab, using MPD choke topside. This is due to the long distance between the choke and the bit, which translates into a time delay in the same order of magnitude as typical wave and heave periods. A downhole choke combined with continuous circulation is one of the potential solutions. Surge and swab during drillpipe connections can result in a loss or an influx and should be considered in the well planning phase when mud weight, section lengths, etc. are selected.

The Storm, 1618–49

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-116
Author(s):  
Jonathan Scott
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Louis Xiv ◽  
Military Alliance ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
North Western

This chapter discusses the Thirty Years' War. It shows that, when the Scots and then the English Protestants took up arms between 1638 and 1642 they followed the Dutch in committing to the defence of their Reformation by force. This was the first in a series of conflicts which did not secure Protestantism in England until 1689, or Calvinism in Scotland until 1707. These struggles on both sides of the North Sea were intertwined, beginning with a Scots rebellion supported by soldiers returning from the Netherlands and elsewhere, and ultimately hinging upon a Dutch invasion of England in 1688–9. In the long term, Reformation could only be defended in North-Western Europe by a multinational (and cross-confessional) military alliance against Louis XIV and James II.

scholarly journals A specimen of Canis cf. C. etruscus (Mammalia, Carnivora) from the Middle Villafranchian of the Oosterschelde

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
J.W.F. Reumer ◽  
P. Piskoulis
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
North Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
South Central ◽  
The North Sea

AbstractA recent find of a Middle Villafranchian (c. 2.35–2.10 Ma) Canis cf. C. etruscus in the trawlings from the Oosterschelde concerns the oldest dog known from the Netherlands and is the first appearance record of this canid in the North Sea Basin. It shows that the tribe Canini was dispersed beyond south central Europe up to the northwestern edge of the continent. The find confirms the lack of synchroneity and usefulness of the so-called ‘Wolf Event’.

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