scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALONGSHORE WAVE ENERGY AND LITTORAL DRIFT IN THE MID-WEST COAST AT TAIWAN

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 (17) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Ho-Shong Hou ◽  
Chung-Pan Lee ◽  
Lung-Hui Lin
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Transport Rate ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Breaking Wave ◽  
Littoral Drift ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Waves

Based on the wave pattern, the geographical location and the disposition of rivers, the littoral drift moves predominantly from NE to SW direction in section II as shown in Fig. 1. Seven rivers of rapid stream bring tremendous amount of sediments from the high mountain to the nearshore of this section in typhoon season (i.e. from June to September). But for the winter monsoon season, i.e. from October to the next April, the waves induced by NE monsoons migrate littoral drift from North toward South. Applying the energy approach for unidirectional steady flow derived by Bagnold(1963), the theoretical relationship between the littoral immersed weight transport rate and the alongshore breaking wave energy is found out. It reveals that the relationship is not strictly linear, i.e. the larger part of the alongshore breaking wave energy is supplied for transporting the sediment as the former increases. But for a coast having a steady oceanographical condition, the relationship could be considered as linear relation since the alongshore breaking wave energy is not varying very much. In this paper, the study of littoral drift vs wave energy at the Taichung Coast from the Ta-Chia River to the Ta-Tu River will be carried out. Using the wave records gained by the ultrasonic wave gauge at 19m depth and the littoral drift quantity obtained from long-term observation, the relationship between alongshore breaking wave energy and littoral immersed weight transport rate is found out. First, the waves which have the same direction are summed up. Then from "THE WAVE CHARACTER COMPUTING PROGRAM", the incident directions of these wave groups at 19m depth are determined. Then the alongshore breaking wave energy per unit time per unit length of beach could be calculated by the same PROGRAM.

scholarly journals STUDY OF SHELF WAVES VS SAND DRIFT IN NW COAST OF TAIWAN

1988 ◽  
Vol 1 (21) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Ho-Shong Hou
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Coastal Engineering ◽  
Transport Rate ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Littoral Drift ◽  
The North ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Shelf Waves ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
North Western

For the planning and design of harbor and coastal Engineering, most important affected factors are waves and Littoral drift. This research deals with analysis of the measured waves and the budget of the beach material whether it is deposited or scoured in the North-western coast of Taiwan; and the relationship between wave energy and littoral transport rate. For processing this research the field Survey wave measurement, sand sampling, and echo sounding is necessitated. The objective of this research is to establish the model of waves and littoral transport budget. Therefore, the results of this research are planned to submit to the planning and design of harbor and coastal engineering works of the Taiwan west sandy coast. The main contains of this research are consisted of (1) Analysis, observations and investigations of the field oceanographic data, winds, waves, coastal geomorphology and littoral drift of the North-western coast of Taiwan. (2) Analysis of the shelf waves from the actual measured wave records. (3) Research of the wave decaying process of the continental shelf waves. (4) Statistical research of the measured waves and establishment of the practical model of the relationship between the shelf wave energy and the littoral transport rate in the north-west coast of Taiwan.

scholarly journals ANALYTICAL RESEARCH OF LITTORAL TRANSPORT RATE AND WAVE ENERGY ALONG THE PUTAI HARBOR SITE

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (20) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
T.J. Wang ◽  
C.S. Lin ◽  
H.S. Hou
Keyword(s):  
Wave Height ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Transport Rate ◽  
Breaking Wave ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Refraction Effect ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Sheltering Effect ◽  
Relationship Of

Due to the sheltering effect of the Wai-San-Ding Sand Barrier, the hydraulic condition of the putia harbor site is quite favorable. Since the relatively well-protected location of the Putai harbor area with regard to both waves and wind, no special navigational problems have to be envisaged. The wave energy of the Putai harbor site is computed from the measured waves by considering the refraction effect down to breaking line. As the lack of wave records, the wind speed is used by applying the regression equations among the wave height, period and wind speeds, and then compute the wave height and period for obtaining the breaking wave energy. Therefore the total breaking wave energy (P# ) of the whole year along the Putai harbor coast is summated. The littoral transport rate { IJ ) is calculated from the mesh method by comparing the echo-sounding maps of two continuous different years. Therefore, the relationship of PJ and 1/ is correlated in the Putai harbor site.

scholarly journals WAVE ENERGY AND LITTORAL TRANSPORT

1964 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Jose Castanho
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Breaking Wave ◽  
Oblique Waves ◽  
Shore Line ◽  
Transmitted Energy ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Component Parallel

As is known the breaking of oblique waves generates currents roughly parallel to the shore line usually designated by long shore currents. The intensity of these currents which are present almost exclusively between the breaking line and the shore depends on the characteristics of the waves (angle of approach, height and period) and on the characteristics of the shore (slope and roughness). A certain amount of energy E is transmitted by the breaking wave along its direction of propagation. As this is a transmitted energy, it is possible to speak about its component parallel to the shoreline which would be indicated by E sen a , being the angle of approach of waves, i.e. the angle that crests make with the shoreline .

scholarly journals USE OP CRENULATE SHAPED BAYS TO STABILIZE COASTS

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Silvester ◽  
Siew-Koon Ho
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Logarithmic Spiral ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Littoral Drift ◽  
Approach Angle ◽  
Specific Relationship ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Resultant Wave

Crenulate shaped bays are the rule rather than the exception on coastal margins of oceans, inland seas or lakes where sedimentary beaches exist between headlands. They have a particular orientation to the swell or resultant wave energy vector, such that the straight tangent section is downcoast and the curved portion upcoast. The latter is a logarithmic spiral at all stages of development of the bay. When fully stable, that is no littoral drift taking place, the constant of the log-spiral equation has a specific relationship to the approach angle of the waves to the headland alignment. In this condition it is shown that diffraction and refraction are involved when waves sculpture the curved beach in the lee of the upcoast headland. A further ratio to identify stable bays appears to be the ratio of indentation length to clearance between headlands. The application of crenulate shaped bays to stabilization of a reclaimed shoreline suffering strong littoral drift on Singapore Island is described.

The (Mis) Education of Immigrant Children in Today’s America

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Gabriela E. Gui
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Immigrant Students ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Immigrant Children ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Survey Interviews ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
General Education Classrooms

In today’s America, not every child starts on a level playing field, and very few children move ahead based solely on hard work or talent. Generational poverty and a lack of cultural capital hold many students back, robbing them of the opportunity to move up professionally and socially. Children of immigrants are especially at-risk because, in addition to facing poverty, race, geographical location or economic disadvantages, they are also confronted with failure due to their limited or non-existent English proficiency. This study focuses on the degree to which teachers in a mid-sized urban school district take into consideration the individual needs of immigrant children in the process of their education. The study also examines the preparation teachers have had to equip them with knowledge of best practices in teaching immigrant children, and the relationship between teachers’ practices, beliefs, and their demographic and personal characteristics (age, gender, years of experience, level of education, etc.). Quantitative data was collected via a survey. Interviews with teachers and one central office administrator provided data for the qualitative section of the study. The findings revealed that teachers, in general, appeared to lack knowledge of specific policies for mainstreaming immigrant students into general education classrooms; their use of effective teaching practices for working with immigrant children were limited; and most of the teachers had not participated actively in professional development that focused on teaching immigrant children.

Biologically Important Physicochemical Properties of Some Cephalosporins

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1739-1746
Author(s):  
Katarína Škvareninová ◽  
Štefan Baláž ◽  
Ernest Šturdík ◽  
Miroslav Veverka ◽  
Jana Adamcová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Partition Coefficients ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Transport Rate ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Non Linear Equation ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
The Relationship

In the series of cephalosporin derivatives, consisting of eight 7-(R1-CH2-CO-NH)cephalosporanic acids and of seven analogical compounds with 3-acetoxymethyl replaced by 3-CH3, physicochemical properties, which are expected to play a role in their antibacterial effects (the transport rate parameters and partition coefficients in the systems 1-octanol-water and 1-octanol-buffer, dissociation constants of the 4-carboxyl group, reactivity towards L-glutathione imitating the nucleophilic groups of the cell components and hydrolysis rate parameters), were determined. Linear dependences were observed between the partition coefficients and the π-constants of the varying substituents as well as between reactivity towards SH-groups of L-glutathione and OH-groups. The relationship between the transport rate parameters and partition coefficients, both measured in buffered as well as non-buffered system, was described by a common non-linear equation.

scholarly journals A broadbanded pressure differential wave energy converter based on dielectric elastomer generators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Righi ◽  
Giacomo Moretti ◽  
David Forehand ◽  
Lorenzo Agostini ◽  
Rocco Vertechy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Large Deformations ◽  
Dielectric Elastomer ◽  
Wave Energy Converter ◽  
Pressure Differential ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Energy Converter ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Waves

AbstractDielectric elastomer generators (DEGs) are a promising option for the implementation of affordable and reliable sea wave energy converters (WECs), as they show considerable promise in replacing expensive and inefficient power take-off systems with cheap direct-drive generators. This paper introduces a concept of a pressure differential wave energy converter, equipped with a DEG power take-off operating in direct contact with sea water. The device consists of a closed submerged air chamber, with a fluid-directing duct and a deformable DEG power take-off mounted on its top surface. The DEG is cyclically deformed by wave-induced pressure, thus acting both as the power take-off and as a deformable interface with the waves. This layout allows the partial balancing of the stiffness due to the DEG’s elasticity with the negative hydrostatic stiffness contribution associated with the displacement of the water column on top of the DEG. This feature makes it possible to design devices in which the DEG exhibits large deformations over a wide range of excitation frequencies, potentially achieving large power capture in a wide range of sea states. We propose a modelling approach for the system that relies on potential-flow theory and electroelasticity theory. This model makes it possible to predict the system dynamic response in different operational conditions and it is computationally efficient to perform iterative and repeated simulations, which are required at the design stage of a new WEC. We performed tests on a small-scale prototype in a wave tank with the aim of investigating the fluid–structure interaction between the DEG membrane and the waves in dynamical conditions and validating the numerical model. The experimental results proved that the device exhibits large deformations of the DEG power take-off over a broad range of monochromatic and panchromatic sea states. The proposed model demonstrates good agreement with the experimental data, hence proving its suitability and effectiveness as a design and prediction tool.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effects of Sediment Transport on Pipe Flow Resistance

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2091
Author(s):  
Vito Ferro ◽  
Alessio Nicosia
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Profile ◽  
Pipe Flow ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Self Similarity ◽  
Sediment Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper, the applicability of a theoretical flow resistance law to sediment-laden flow in pipes is tested. At first, the incomplete self-similarity (ISS) theory is applied to deduce the velocity profile and the corresponding flow resistance law. Then the available database of measurements carried out by clear water and sediment-laden flows with sediments having a quasi-uniform sediment size and three different values of the mean particle diameter Dm (0.88 mm, 0.41 mm and 0.30 mm) are used to calibrate the parameter of the power-velocity profile). The fitting of the measured local velocity to the power distribution demonstrates that (i) for clear flow the exponent δ) can be estimated by the equation of Castaing et al. and (ii) for the sediment-laden flows δ is related to the diameter Dm. A relationship for estimating the parameter Гv obtained by the power-velocity profile) and that Гf of the flow resistance law) is theoretically deduced. The relationship between the parameter Гv, the head loss per unit length and the pipe flow Froude number is also obtained by the available sediment-laden pipe flow data. Finally, the procedure to estimate the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor is tested by the available measurements.

scholarly journals Modeling the seam strength of denim garments by using fuzzy expert system

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 155892502198897
Author(s):  
Joy Sarkar ◽  
Md Abdullah Al Faruque ◽  
Moni Sankar Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Linear Density ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Sewing Thread ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Expert System ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sufficient Strength

The main purpose of this study is to predict and develop a model for forecasting the Seam Strength (SS) of denim garments with respect to the thread linear density (tex) and Stitches Per Inch (SPI) by using a Fuzzy Logic Expert System (FLES). The seam strength is an important factor for the serviceability of any garments. As seams bound the fabric pieces together in a garment, the seams must have sufficient strength to execute this property even in the unexpected severe conditions where the garments are subjected to loads or any additional internal or external forces. Sewing thread linear density and number of stitches in a unit length of the seam are the two of the most important factors that affect the seam strength of any garments. But the relationship among these two specific variables and the seam strength is complex and non-linear. As a result, a fuzzy logic based model has been developed to demonstrate the relationship among these parameters and the developed model has been validated by the experimental trial. The coefficient of determination ( R2) was found to be 0.98. The mean relative error also lies withing acceptable limit. The results have suggested a very good performance of the model in the case of the prediction of the seam strength of the denim garments.

Trans Fat Information on Food Labels: Consumer Use and Interpretation

2010 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonya Ellis ◽  
N. Theresa Glanville
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Grocery Shopping ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Food Labels ◽  
Trans Fat ◽  
Food Label ◽  
Nutrition Facts Panel ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: Consumers’ use and interpretation of trans fat information on food labels were explored. Methods: Consumers completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire in one of three grocery stores selected purposively to represent geographical location. Data analysis involved examining the relationship of age, gender, grocery shopping habits, household size, and source of nutrition information with awareness, use, and interpretation of trans fat information. Results: Ninety-eight percent (n=239) of participants were aware of trans fat, and most knew of the relationship between trans fat intake and cardiovascular disease. Although the majority of shoppers were aware of the “0 trans fat” nutrition claim on food packages (95%), they were more likely to use the Nutrition Facts panel (60%) to reduce trans fat intake. Men and consumers under age 40 were least likely to be aware of food label information. While most consumers (75%) correctly interpreted the “0 trans fat” nutrition claim and thought foods with this claim could be healthy choices (64%), only 51% purchased these foods to reduce trans fat intake. Conclusions: Nutrition professionals should target messages to reduce trans fat intake at men and consumers under age 40. While general knowledge was good, further education is required to help consumers interpret trans fat information.

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