A Preliminary Survey of the Eastern Harbor, Alexandria, Egypt, Including a Comparison of Side Scan Sonar and Remote Viewing

This paper reports a preliminary survey of one of humanity's most historic harbors--Alexandria, Egypt. It constitutes one phase of a broader joint land/sea examination of the largest and most famous city to bear Alexander the Great's name. The research overall had two goals: 1) to resolve locational uncertainties concerning the city's past configuration, particularly its Ptolemaic antecedents; and 2) to compare electronic remote sensing survey technologies with Remote Viewing generally, and the applications methodology developed by the Mobius Groups specifically. In the area of the Eastern Harbor, the aim of the research was: 1) the location of the ancient shore line; the locaton of and predictive description of several sites including the island of Antirrhodus and the Emporium/Poseidium/Timonium complex; a palace complex associated with Cleopatra; and a further elaboration, both in terms of location and predictive description, of the Pharos lighthouse area; 2) a comparison of Remote Viewing and side scan sonar data after each approach had surveyed the same area. This paper describes the probable location of the Emporium, the Poseidium, and the Timonium, the palace complex of Cleopatra, the island of Antirrhodus, a site at the tip of Fort Sisila (known prevously as Point Lochias), new discoveries pertaining to the lighthouse, andd an associated temple. The most important discovery though is the identification and location of the ancient seawall which extends some 65 meters farther out into the harbor than was previously suspected, and whoe location resolves a key piece in the puzzle of the ancient city's layout. The discoveries reported here were principally the result of Remote Viewing. Except for one clear "hit," side scan sonar proved unproductive because of the large amount of particulate in the water.

A Novel Water-Shore-Line Detection Method for USV Autonomous Navigation

For the navigation of an unmanned surface vehicle (USV), detection and recognition of the water-shore-line (WSL) is an important part of its intellectualization. Current research on this issue mainly focuses on the straight WSL obtained by straight line fitting. However, the WSL in the image acquired by boat-borne vision is not always in a straight line, especially in an inland river waterway. In this paper, a novel three-step approach for WSL detection is therefore proposed to solve this problem through the information of an image sequence. Firstly, the initial line segment pool is built by the line segment detector (LSD) algorithm. Then, the coarse-to-fine strategy is used to obtain the onshore line segment pool, including the rough selection of water area instability and the fine selection of the epipolar constraint between image frames, both of which are demonstrated in detail in the text. Finally, the complete shore area is generated by an onshore line segment pool of multi-frame images, and the lower boundary of the area is the desired WSL. In order to verify the accuracy and robustness of the proposed method, field experiments were carried out in the inland river scene. Compared with other detection algorithms based on image processing, the results demonstrate that this method is more adaptable, and can detect not only the straight WSL, but also the curved WSL.

Shoreline Changes Using Seabed Bathymetric, Sediments Scan and Profiles Observations in “Zarum” Gas Field Offshore Niger Delta

Seabed bathymetry, sediment scan and profiles are relevant geological and hydrographic observations widely used in marine geology to predict shore line changes as it concerns offshore fields development in the Niger Delta. Reliefs and heterogeneous sediment distribution, both across the seabed surface and in the shallow seabed profiles below, were examined. This study of the “Zarum gas Field” in the outer shelf environment offshore eastern Niger-Delta was from the results of measurements using high fidelity onboard instrumentation: Edgetech 4600 Multibeam and Sidescan, and Edgetech Sub Bottom Profiler. These instruments were side mounted on MV Cosco and towed along survey grids, within the designed corridor with the survey speed of 3knots.Seabed features were interpreted based on the acoustic sound reflectivity and refractions. The bathymetric values were reduced to the lowest astronomical tide, LAT of Opobo River entrance and range from 20.20m-25.89m with a deepening trend from the northwest to southeast caused by seabed current regimes and storm processes affecting the shoreline zones. The sediments of the scan vary from sand, through silt to clay which are of arenitic origin. Weak seismostratigraphic layer of 30m thick was observed below the seabed, which is presently undergoing secondary lithification. The study also shows existence of depressions and sediment fill in them called spud cans which vary between 10m-40m in diameter and debris, associated with previous rig movements; jack up barges and their drags. Observed are some subsea facilities pipelines and jackets. Based on findings, recommendations have been formulated for development of this gas Field.

Groundwater resources mapping for small island using Geoelectrical Technique the case study of Ternate Island

The measurement of 2D geo-electrical using Wenner Alpha configuration was conducted in the shore line of northern part of Ternate island, in order to know the depth of interface and to analyze the aquifers in conjunction with estimation of ground water potential. Water quality analysis is also conducted in some dug wells, such as in situ water temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and salinity.Due to laboratory analysis, the values of measured parameters of water quality from some dug wells meets to the standards referred, especially for drinking water. The result of interpretation from geo-electrical data showed the depth of interface less than 10m. From a drilled well data near shore line, indicate about 5m deep of interface. Base on geo-electrical survey, water quality analysis and field observation can be concluded that Ternate Island has limited potential of ground water, especially related to amount of fresh ground water. Which is now days, no alternative source yet of clean water for domestic use.