scholarly journals DESTRUCTION CRITERIA FOR RUBBLE-MOUND BREAKWATERS

1968 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelkis J. Rogan
Keyword(s):  
General Purpose ◽  
Wave Action ◽  
The Other ◽  
Periodic Waves ◽  
Cover Layer ◽  
Storm Duration ◽  
Equilibrium Profile ◽  
Rubble Mound ◽  
The One ◽  
Rubble Mound Breakwaters

The general purpose of the author's research undertaken in the "Laboratoxre National d'Hydraulique" was to study wave action on rubble-mound breakwaters with regular (periodic) waves on the one hand and irregular (random) wind generated waves on the other, and to compare the effects of these two types of waves by use of the storm duration t. With a first series of periodic waves experiments we have obtained the destruction of the breakwater's cover-layer for different storm durations t, by varying H and T. The mass of armor units remained constant. The angle of the slope, according to the seaward equilibrium profile could be considered as constant.

scholarly journals Dynamic Calculation of Breakwater Crown Walls under Wave Action: Influence of Soil Mechanics and Shape of the Loading State

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1149
Author(s):  
Enrique Maciñeira ◽  
Enrique Peña ◽  
José Sande ◽  
Andrés Figuero
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
Soil Mechanics ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Wave Action ◽  
Dynamic Calculation ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Static Calculation ◽  
Rubble Mound ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
Rubble Mound Breakwaters

As a consequence of the action of waves on rubble mound breakwaters, there are loads—both on the vertical and horizontal sides of the crown walls—which modify the conditions of their stability. These loads provoke dynamic impulses that generate movements that are not possible to be analyzed by static calculation. This study presents the results obtained using a simplified method of dynamic calculation of the crown walls, presented in Appendix A, based on the variation of the forces acting against the structure in the time domain and the soil characteristics. It provides results of the expected movements of the structure and the deformations produced in the foundation. With this, traditional static calculation is improved and knowledge about the phenomenon is enhanced, highlighting the uncertainties in the system.

scholarly journals ON 3-DIMENSIONAL STABILITY OF RESHAPING BREAKWATERS

1988 ◽  
Vol 1 (21) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.F. Burcharth ◽  
Peter Frigaard
Keyword(s):  
Large Volume ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Wave Action ◽  
Rock Material ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Specialized Equipment ◽  
Rubble Mound ◽  
Rubble Mound Breakwaters

The paper deals with the 3-dimensional stability of the type of rubble mound breakwaters where reshaping of the mound due to wave action is foreseen in the design. Such breakwaters are commonly named sacrificial types and berm types. The latter is due to the relatively large volume of armour stones placed in a seaward berm. However, as also conventional armoured breakwaters sometimes do contain a berm it is assumed that a better and more ambiguous designation would be "reshaping" mound breakwaters. The principle of reshaping breakwaters is to use relatively fine rock material which will then be eroded to S-shape profiles if sufficient amount of material is provided, Fig. 1. This type of breakwater can be constructed and maintained without the use of expensive specialized equipment. For a detailed discussion see Baird et al., 1984.

scholarly journals ГОТОВНІСТЬ МАЙБУТНІХ ВИХОВАТЕЛІВ ДО ФОРМУВАННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ СТАРШИХ ДОШКІЛЬНИКІВ

2021 ◽  
pp. 324-330
Author(s):  
Галина Марчук
Keyword(s):  
Social Competence ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
The Other ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Main Task ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One

Анотація. Стаття присвячена аналізу особливостей формування соціальної компетентності дітей дошкільного віку. Проблема соціальної компетентності дошкільнят – одна з найактуальніших. Розв’язання її, з одного боку, допоможе здійснити системний, цілісний підхід до розвитку дитини, з другого – співвіднести цей розвиток з життям. Сучасна система освіти та виховання намагається втілити гуманістичні ідеали виховання досконалої людини, вільної особистості, здатної жити і творчо діяти в умовах змінного соціуму. Виховання такої людини виступає на перший план. Загальні підходи до формування соціальної компетентності дитини визначаються принципами гуманізації виховання – олюдненні виховних стосунків, визнанні цінності дитини як особистості, її значущості в суспільстві, заснованої на усвідомленні своїх зв’язків з оточуючими людьми і в цілому – місця у людстві. Такий підхід відповідає загальній меті виховання – формуванню цілісної, гуманної особистості, орієнтованої на відтворення цінностей національної та загальнолюдської культури у творчій життєдіяльності, саморозвиток і моральну саморегуляцію поведінки. З огляду на це особливої значущості набуває проблема становлення соціальної компетентності старших дошкільників. Оскільки на сучасному етапі розвитку освіти мають місце суперечності між процесом формування соціально-активної особистості та умовами її соціалізації, то перш за все доцільно посилити увагу до підготовки майбутніх вихователів. Зосереджена увага автора на необхідності підготовки майбутніх вихователів до успішної реалізації процесу соціалізації особистості дошкільного віку. Розкрито компоненти готовності майбутніх вихователів до формування соціальної компетентності старших дошкільників, виокремлено педагогічні умови для покращення стану готовності майбутніх вихователів до формування соціальної компетентності старших дошкільників. Abstract. The article is devoted to the analysis of features social competence formation of the preschool age children. The problem of social competence of preschool children is one of the most topical. On the one hand, the solving of it will help to implement a systematic, holistic approach to child development, on the other - will help to correlate this development with life. The modern system of education and upbringing tries to embody the humanistic ideals of the education of a perfect person, a free personality, to be able to live and act creatively in a changing society. The upbringing of such a person is the main task. General approaches to the formation of social competence of the child are determined by the principles of humanization education - the humanization in education relations, the recognizing the value of the child as a person, its importance in society, based on awareness of their relationships with the other people and in general - its place in humanity. This approach corresponds to the general purpose of the education - the formation of a holistic, humane personality, who is focused on the reproduction of the values of the national and universal culture in the creative life, self-development and moral self-regulation of behavior. In this case, the problem of the social competence formation of the older preschoolers becomes especially important. As at the present stage of the development of the education there are the contradictions between the process of the formation of the socially active personality and the conditions of its socialization, so, first of all, it is necessary to pay more attention to the training of the future educators. The author payed more attention to the necessarity to prepare future educators for their successful implementation to the process of the preschool personality's socialization. The components of readiness of future educators for the formation of social competence of senior preschoolers are revealed, pedagogical conditions for improving the state of readiness of future educators for the formation of social competence of senior preschoolers are singled out. It was discloced the components of future educators readiness for the formation of the social competence in the senior preschoolers , it was separated the pedagogical conditions how to improve the readiness of future educators for the formation of social competence in senior preschoolers.

Discussion of “Irregular Wave Action on Rubble-Mound Breakwaters”

1972 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
Juan B. Font ◽  
Jade Dattatri ◽  
Per M. Bruun ◽  
Palmi Johannesson
Keyword(s):  
Wave Action ◽  
Irregular Wave ◽  
Rubble Mound ◽  
Rubble Mound Breakwaters

Artificial Intelligence and Rubble-Mound Breakwater Stability

2012 ◽  
pp. 1499-1506
Author(s):  
Gregorio Iglesias Rodriguez ◽  
Alberte Castro Ponte ◽  
Rodrigo Carballo Sanchez ◽  
Miguel Ángel Losada Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Wave Action ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Wave Flume ◽  
Physical Model Tests ◽  
Rubble Mound ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Rubble Mound Breakwaters

Breakwaters are coastal structures constructed to shelter a harbour basin from waves. There are two main types: rubble-mound breakwaters, consisting of various layers of stones or concrete pieces of different sizes (weights), making up a porous mound; and vertical breakwaters, impermeable and monolythic, habitually composed of concrete caissons. This article deals with rubble-mound breakwaters. A typical rubble-mound breakwater consists of an armour layer, a filter layer and a core. For the breakwater to be stable, the armour layer units (stones or concrete pieces) must not be removed by wave action. Stability is basically achieved by weight. Certain types of concrete pieces are capable of achieving a high degree of interlocking, which contributes to stability by impeding the removal of a single unit. The forces that an armour unit must withstand under wave action depend on the hydrodynamics on the breakwater slope, which are extremely complex due to wave breaking and the porous nature of the structure. A detailed description of the flow has not been achieved until now, and it is unclear whether it will be in the future in view of the turbulent phenomena involved. Therefore the instantaneous force exerted on an armour unit is not, at least for the time being, amenable to determination by means of a numerical model of the flow. For this reason, empirical formulations are used in rubble-mound design, calibrated on the basis of laboratory tests of model structures. However, these formulations cannot take into account all the aspects affecting the stability, mainly because the inherent complexity of the problem does not lend itself to a simple treatment. Consequently the empirical formulations are used as a predesign tool, and physical model tests in a wave flume of the particular design in question under the pertinent sea climate conditions are de rigueur, except for minor structures. The physical model tests naturally integrate all the complexity of the problem. Their drawback lies in that they are expensive and time consuming. In this article, Artificial Neural Networks are trained and tested with the results of stability tests carried out on a model breakwater. They are shown to reproduce very closely the behaviour of the physical model in the wave flume. Thus an ANN model, if trained and tested with sufficient data, may be used in lieu of the physical model tests. A virtual laboratory of this kind will save time and money with respect to the conventional procedure.

scholarly journals An inquiry into methods of initiating a teachers' training college course in education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ray Chapman-Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Method ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
The Other ◽  
College Course ◽  
Purpose Of Education ◽  
The One ◽  
Education Psychology ◽  
Teachers Training

PEOPLE who have themselves suffered from a particular disease are, not infrequently, sufficiently interested in the problem presented by the disease to study it and try to eliminate it. In other directions the same sort of thing may happen. This thesis provides a case in point, for when I was myself at Training College I felt that the work we did in Education, Psychology, and Method, was not adequate. It aroused in students<br>little enthusiasm, gave them little light in their professional task, and left them without direction or purpose. Our course was severely practical on the one side and remotely theoretical on the other.<br>Two years after leaving Training College, when writing to one of my lecturers, I suggested that we should have discussed the general purpose of education before we began to study teaching method in any subject, and that as we began to study the teaching of each subject we should consider the particular contributions made by that subject to the general purpose of education. I still incline to that opinion.

scholarly journals SEAWARD PROFILE FOR RUBBLE MOUND BREAKWATERS

1964 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melville S. Priest ◽  
Joel W. Pugh ◽  
Rameshwar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Water Waves ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Normal Incidence ◽  
Wave Action ◽  
Design Procedures ◽  
Rubble Mound ◽  
Spilling Breakers ◽  
Rubble Mound Breakwaters

For several years, some coastal engineers have been aware that the seaward face of rubble mound breakwaters of the common trapezoidal cross-section is conducive to relatively severe wave action and possible damage to the breakwaters. Further, it has been suggested that a preferable seaward profile would be that composed of three straight lines, with the middle line at a relatively small angle with the horizontal, to form what might be thought of as abroad berm. In order to arrive at a more realistic knowledge of seaward profiles for which wave intensity and likelihood of breakwater damage are minimal, a laboratory study of shallow-water wave action on rubble breakwaters was initiated at Auburn University, It is hoped that such knowledge will lead to design procedures which will result in (a) less violent wave action, (b) less structural damage, and (c) the possible use of smaller stones. Thus far, the study has been devoted to shallow-water waves of two types, steep, smooth waves and spilling breakers, acting, with normal incidence, upon breakwaters constructed of various materials and having an initial seaward slope of 1 on if. For each set of conditions, the stable seaward profile was determined. Through dimensional analysis and curve fitting, an effort was made to describe the stable seaward profiles in terms of physical quantities which influence the profiles. It is the authors1 belief that the results of this study will be useful in leading to more rational design procedures.

HYDRO-GEOTECHNICAL STABILITY OF RUBBLE MOUND BREAKWATERS UNDER WAVE ACTION

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemente Cantelmo ◽  
Scott Dunn ◽  
Giovarmi Cuomo ◽  
William Allsop
Keyword(s):  
Wave Action ◽  
Geotechnical Stability ◽  
Rubble Mound ◽  
Rubble Mound Breakwaters

Further Observations on the Occurrence of ‘Teeth’ in the Dog-Whelk Nucella Lapillus

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Crothers
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Wave Action ◽  
The Other ◽  
Great Care ◽  
Nucella Lapillus ◽  
Growth Disturbances ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
The One

The formation of ‘teeth’ in immature Nucella lapillus (L.) is indicative of a stoppage in growth. Along the western coasts of southern Britain the proportion of individuals showing these growth disturbances is predictably related to the exposure of the shore to wave action. Farther east the proportion is much higher but not obviously so related. Sharp discontinuities separate eastern and western populations. Possible reasons for the differences are discussed and it is concluded that great care must be exercised when applying information about this species derived from the one coast to situations on the other. The potential value of this species as an indicator of environmental change is considered.

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