scholarly journals The tetrapod fauna of the upper Permian Naobaogou Formation of China: 5. Caodeyao liuyufengi gen. et sp. nov., a new peculiar therocephalian

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9160
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Fernando Abdala
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Zygomatic Arch ◽  
Upper Permian ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Late Permian ◽  
Vertebrate Fauna ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrate ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Cladistic Analyses ◽  
Relationship Of

The upper Permian Naobaogou Formation has been the goal of recent contributions that notably increased the knowledge of its terrestrial vertebrate fauna and unravelled a hidden late Permian therocephalian diversity in China. Two very different species of therocephalians have been documented in the Naobaogou Formation and they were recovered as basal akidnognathids in cladistic analyses. In this contribution we describe Caodeyao liuyufengi gen. et sp. nov., represented by a partial skull and mandible, and a humerus. The new taxon features a short, high snout and a wide temporal opening with the coronoid process of the mandible separated by a wide space medially to the zygomatic arch. The latter feature is only recognized in the Russian therocephalian Purlovia maxima and it is also characteristic of non-mammaliaform cynodonts. Phylogenetic analysis indicates a close relationship of the new Chinese taxon with Purlovia maxima, producing a monophyletic Laurasian group in therocephalian phylogeny. With the representation of three different species, the Naobaogou Formation is now the most prolific unit documenting therocephalian late Permian diversity in China.

scholarly journals A new iguanodontian (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the Early Cretaceous of Mongolia

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5300
Author(s):  
Terry A. Gates ◽  
Khishigjav Tsogtbaatar ◽  
Lindsay E. Zanno ◽  
Tsogtbaatar Chinzorig ◽  
Mahito Watabe
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Sister Taxon ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
The North ◽  
Unusual Combination ◽  
Relationship Of

We describe a new iguanodontian ornithopod,Choyrodon barsboldigen. et sp. nov. from the Albian-aged Khuren Dukh Formation of Mongolia based on several partial skeletons interpreted to represent a subadult growth stage based on osteohistological features. This new taxon is diagnosed by many autapomorphies of the maxilla, nasal, lacrimal, opisthotic, predentary, and surangular.Choyrodondisplays an unusual combination of traits, possessing an open antorbital fenestra (a primitive ornithopod trait) together with derived features such as a downturned dentary and enlarged narial fenestra. Histological imaging suggests that the type specimen ofChoyrodonwould have been a subadult at the time of death. Phylogenetic analysis of two different character matrices do not positChoyrodonto be the sister taxon or to be more primitive than the iguanodontianAltirhinus kurzanovi, which is found in the same formation. The only resolved relationship of this new taxon is that it was hypothesized to be a sister-taxon with the North American speciesEolambia caroljonesa. Though discovered in the same formation andChoyrodonbeing smaller-bodied thanAltirhinus, it does not appear that the former species is an ontogimorph of the latter. Differences in morphology and results of the phylogenetic analyses support their distinction although more specimens of both species will allow better refinement of their uniqueness.

scholarly journals The tetrapod fauna of the upper Permian Naobaogou Formation of China: 3. Jiufengia jiai gen. et sp. nov., a large akidnognathid therocephalian

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Fernando Abdala
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Field Trips ◽  
The Other ◽  
Upper Permian ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Late Permian ◽  
Postcranial Skeleton

Recent field trips to Member III of the Naobaogou Formation, Nei Mongol, China yielded new fossil discoveries, increasing our knowledge of the late Permian continental fauna from China. We present here a new large therocephalian, Jiufengia jiai gen. et sp. nov., represented by a partial skull with mandibles and part of the postcranial skeleton. This is the second therocephalian recovered from the Naobaogou faunal association and, in turn, the second akidnognathid from this unit and from China. The new taxon shows clear differences from Shiguaignathus wangi, the akidnogathid previously reported from the Naobaogou Formation: the presence of four upper postcanines, of a large suborbital vacuity, and the flat ventral surface of the vomer, lacking a ventromedian crest. Updating a previous phylogeny of therocephalians, we recover the new species as a basal member of Akidnognathidae, above a basal polytomy including the other two Laurasian akidnognathids, Shiguaignathus and Annatherapsidus, adding support to the hypothesis that this group originated in Laurasia.

scholarly journals Insight into the introduction of domestic cattle and the process of Neolithization to the Spanish region Galicia by genetic evidence

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249537
Author(s):  
Marie Gurke ◽  
Amalia Vidal-Gorosquieta ◽  
Johanna L. A. Pajimans ◽  
Karolina Wȩcek ◽  
Axel Barlow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Agricultural Societies ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Spanish Region

Domestic cattle were brought to Spain by early settlers and agricultural societies. Due to missing Neolithic sites in the Spanish region of Galicia, very little is known about this process in this region. We sampled 18 cattle subfossils from different ages and different mountain caves in Galicia, of which 11 were subject to sequencing of the mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis, to provide insight into the introduction of cattle to this region. We detected high similarity between samples from different time periods and were able to compare the time frame of the first domesticated cattle in Galicia to data from the connecting region of Cantabria to show a plausible connection between the Neolithization of these two regions. Our data shows a close relationship of the early domesticated cattle of Galicia and modern cow breeds and gives a general insight into cattle phylogeny. We conclude that settlers migrated to this region of Spain from Europe and introduced common European breeds to Galicia.

scholarly journals Investigation of the red algal parasites Rhodophyllis parasitica sp. nov. and Pterocladiophila hemisphaerica from New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Maren Preuss
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Red algal parasites are common within red algae and most parasites are closely related to their host. Red algal parasites can switch hosts and their development is unique. Red algal parasites are poorly known in New Zealand. There are only four parasites described in New Zealand and those are based on morphological characteristics. This thesis focuses on the two red algal parasites Rhodophyllis parasitica sp. nov. and Pterocladiophila hemisphaerica from New Zealand. First, development and phylogeny and distribution of an undescribed red algal parasite growing on Rhodophyllis membranacea was investigated. Microscopy, molecular markers (ITS2, cox1, cox2-3 spacer) and phylogenetic analysis, and herbarium sampling were used to address these questions. The parasite, described as Rhodophyllis parasitica sp. nov. shows a close relationship of all genomes to Rhodophyllis membranacea, which suggests that the parasite evolved from its hosts. The parasite is widely distributed throughout New Zealand. The second parasite, Pterocladiophila hemisphaerica was grouped taxonomically, based on morphology, in the order Gracilariales and parasitizes Pterocladia lucida in the order Gelidiales. Molecular marker were used to reveal the relationship of Pterocladiophila hemisphaerica to its host: if the parasite is grouped in the Gracilariales or the Gelidiales; if host switches might have occurred; and if atp8 is present in the parasite. Nuclear DNA (SSU rRNA, LSU rRNA), mitochondrial (cox1) and plastid regions (rbcL-rbcS spacer) from the parasite were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis performed. New primer were designed to amplify atp8 and genetic analysis performed. Pterocladiophila hemisphaerica evolved in the Florideophytes but neither in the Gracilariales or Gelidiales and the parasite possibly switched hosts at least two times, which was shown by three different origins of chloroplast, mitochondria and nuclear DNA. Atp8 in the parasite is present but probably a pseudogene. Rhodophyllis parasitica sp. nov. is the first described red algal parasite species in New Zealand in 55 years and Pterocladiophila hemisphaerica is the first parasite with organelles and nuclei with different histories of origin.</p>

The genus Sciarotricha gen. n. (Sciaridae) and the phylogeny of recent and fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera)

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pekka Vilkamaa ◽  
Heikki Hippa
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Cladistic Analyses ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses

AbstractThe phylogeny of the main groups of the Sciaroidea, including the fossil Antefungivoridae, Archizelmiridae, Mesosciophilidae, Pleciofungivoridae, Pleciomimidae, Protopleciidae and Bolitophilidae: Mangasinae, and an extant new taxon, was studied by parsimony analysis. Two cladistic analyses of seventy-eight morphological characters from adults were made. One analysis, with forty-one extant taxa in the ingroup and the other, with the addition of twelve fossil taxa, both produced two most parsimonious cladograms. The phylogenetic hypotheses obtained differed from each other, and in part also to a great extent from previous ones although most of the traditionally recognized groups appeared monophyletic, including the speciose Cecidomyiidae and Sciaridae. The Cecidomyiidae (fossil analysis) or the Keroplatidae-Ditomyiidae (extant analysis) appeared as the sister-group of the rest of the Sciaroidea. Following on from these analyses, we propose emending the current Sciaridae to include the following subfamilies: Archizelmirinae stat. n., Rangomaraminae stat. n., Sciarinae, Sciarosominae subfam. n. and Sciarotrichinae subfam. n. A new taxon from Namibia, Sciarotricha biloba gen. n., sp. n. is described, and, according to the phylogenetic analysis, is placed in the Sciaridae (Sciarotrichinae). The sister-group of the Sciaridae as newly defined is the Mycetophilidae group, in the extant analysis including the Mycetophilidae, Manotidae, Lygistorrhinidae, Pterogymnus and Sciaropota, and in the fossil analysis even including the Mesosciophilidae and the Ohakunea group (Ohakunea + Colonomyia).

scholarly journals A new genus of Oniscidea from South America and a phylogenetic analysis of related genera (Crustacea: Isopoda: Philosciidae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Leistikow
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Type Material ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Terrestrial Isopods ◽  
Close Relationship

In a collection of terrestrial isopods from Venezuela, a distinct species was identified which does not fit any of the known genera. Therefore, a new taxon Metaprosekia gen.n. is instituted to accomodate the new species. An analysis of its morphological characters revealed a close relationship to the genus Prosekia Vandel, 1968 and allied genera. The phylogeny of this group is discussed and one of its poorly known representatives, Xiphoniscus mirabilis Vandel, 1968 is redescribed on the basis of the type material.

Sycidiphaga, a new genus of Sycophaginae Walker, 1975 (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Agaonidae) associated with Ficus subgenus Sycidium in southern China

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4306 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
YANG LIU ◽  
JEAN-YVES RASPLUS ◽  
SIMON VAN NOORT ◽  
ZI LI ◽  
DAWEI HUANG
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Cyt B ◽  
Wing Membrane ◽  
The World ◽  
Close Relationship

A new genus of Sycophaginae (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae), Sycidiphaga Liu, Rasplus & Huang n. gen., is described with a single new species, S. cyrtophyllae Liu, Rasplus & Huang n. sp. This species was discovered in Yun Nan and Gui Zhou, China and is associated with Ficus cyrtophylla (Moraceae, Ficus, subgenus Sycidium). The new taxon is readily distinguished from other genera of Sycophaginae by: 1) the presence of a conspicuous interantennal blade-like projection that extends well above the level of the toruli; 2) an inflated parastigma surrounded by a slight infuscation of the wing membrane; 3) the presence of a long and conspicuous median sulcus on the male pronotum; and 4) the presence of dense and long pilosity on the wings. Illustrations and a diagnosis and description of Sycidiphaga are provided, as is a key to the world genera of Sycophaginae. The phylogenetic position of Sycidiphaga was demonstrated through sequencing four gene regions of COI, Cyt b, 28s D3-D5 and EF-1α genes and conducting a phylogenetic analysis of available sequences for the subfamily. Sycidiphaga cannot be placed with confidence within Sycophaginae but several discussed characters suggest a close relationship with Idarnes Walker and Sycophaga Westwood. Interactive Lucid identification keys are available online at www.figweb.org. 

scholarly journals Exploring the relationship of Homalosilpha and Mimosilpha (Blattodea, Blattidae, Blattinae) from a morphological and molecular perspective, including a description of four new species

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10618
Author(s):  
Shuran Liao ◽  
Yishu Wang ◽  
Duting Jin ◽  
Rong Chen ◽  
Zongqing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Six Genes

This study utilized six genes (12S, 16S, 18S, 28S, COII and H3) from a total of 40 samples to construct maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) phylogenetic trees in order to infer the relationships between the morphologically similar genera Homalosilpha Stål, 1874 and Mimosilpha Bey-Bienko, 1957. The phylogenetic analysis showed the two genera have a close relationship and were recovered as sister groups based on ML and BI analyses. Four new species are described among these samples, i.e., Homalosilpha obtusangula sp. nov., Homalosilpha recta sp. nov., Homalosilpha alba sp. nov. and Homalosilpha clavellata sp. nov. based on morphological and COI data. A key to the worldwide Homalosilpha is provided.

scholarly journals An early geikiid dicynodont from theTropidostomaAssemblage Zone (late Permian) of South Africa

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e2913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian F. Kammerer ◽  
Roger M.H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Late Permian ◽  
Skull Length ◽  
Karoo Basin ◽  
Skull Size ◽  
Assemblage Zone

Based on specimens previously identified asTropidostoma, a new taxon of dicynodont (Bulbasaurus phylloxyrongen. et sp. nov.) from the Karoo Basin of South Africa is described.Bulbasaurusis a medium-sized dicynodont (maximum dorsal skull length 16.0 cm) restricted to theTropidostomaAssemblage Zone (early Lopingian) of the Beaufort Group.Bulbasauruscan be distinguished fromTropidostomaby an array of characters including the presence of a tall, sharp premaxillary ridge, large, rugose, nearly-confluent nasal bosses, a nasofrontal ridge, massive tusks, robust pterygoids, prominently twisted subtemporal bar, and absence of a distinct postfrontal. Inclusion ofBulbasaurusin a phylogenetic analysis of anomodont therapsids recovers it as a member of Geikiidae, a clade of otherwise later Permian dicynodonts such asAulacephalodonandPelanomodon.Bulbasaurusexhibits many of the characters typical of adultAulacephalodon, but at substantially smaller skull size (these characters are absent in comparably-sizedAulacephalodonjuveniles), suggesting that the evolution of typical geikiid morphology preceded gigantism in the clade.Bulbasaurusis the earliest known geikiid and the only member of the group known from theTropidostomaAssemblage Zone; discovery of this taxon shortens a perplexing ghost lineage and indicates that abundant clades from the later Permian of South Africa (e.g., Geikiidae, Dicynodontoidea) may have originated as rare components of earlier Karoo assemblage zones.

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