scholarly journals Banat donkey, a neglected donkey breed from the central Balkans (Serbia)

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8598
Author(s):  
Ljubodrag Stanisic ◽  
Jelena M. Aleksić ◽  
Vladimir Dimitrijevic ◽  
Branislav Kovačević ◽  
Jevrosima Stevanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Microsatellite Data ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotypes ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite ◽  
Loss Of Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Clade ◽  
Diagnostic Traits

The dominant donkey breed in the Balkans is the mid-sized Balkan donkey with a grey to chocolate coat color. Local breeders from Serbia, however, still maintain a few larger individuals of a lighter coat color, named Banat donkey, and speculate that they are descendants of a Spanish donkey heard that had been transferred to the Banat region by the Hapsburg Queen Maria Theresa in the XVIII century for a specific purpose, to work in local vineyards. We have previously found a unique nuclear gene-pool and a prevalence of mitochondrial Clade 2 haplotypes in several such animals. In this study, we: (i) perform a comparative analysis of 18 morphological traits of the Banat donkey (seven individuals), Balkan donkey (53 individuals from two sub-populations of this breed) and the potential hybrids (eight individuals), and demonstrate the morphological distinctiveness of the Banat donkey, highlighting the diagnostic traits for distinguishing the breed: hip height, croup width, body length and chest depth; (ii) re-analyse published nuclear microsatellite data for these groups, and reveal that, although severely depopulated, the genetically distinct Banat donkey is not severely affected by the loss of genetic diversity and inbreeding; (iii) demonstrate that previously published Banat donkey mitochondrial haplotypes, analyzed genealogically together with those reported in ancient and modern individuals from Spain, Italy, Turkey, Cyprus and Africa, are shared with three Spanish breeds and individuals belonging to Amiata and some other Italian breeds. A unique morphological feature present in Banat and Somali wild donkeys, but also in Amiata donkeys, black stripes on legs, suggests that the origin of Clade 2 donkeys may be much more complex than previously thought. Actions to preserve the Banat donkey, a valuable but critically endangered genetic resource (<100 individuals), are urgent.

scholarly journals Geographic Structure of Mitochondrial and Nuclear Gene Polymorphisms in Australian Green Turtle Populations and Male-Biased Gene Flow

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 1843-1854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy N FitzSimmons ◽  
Craig Moritz ◽  
Colin J Limpus ◽  
Lisa Pope ◽  
Robert Prince
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Green Turtle ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Microsatellite Data ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Infinite Allele Model

Abstract The genetic structure of green turtle (Chelonia mydas) rookeries located around the Australian coast was assessed by (1) comparing the structure found within and among geographic regions, (2) comparing microsatellite loci vs. restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses of anonymous single copy nuclear DNA (ascnDNA) loci, and (3) comparing the structure found at nuclear DNA markers to that of previously analyzed mitochondrial (mtDNA) control region sequences. Significant genetic structure was observed over all regions at both sets of nuclear markers, though the microsatellite data provided greater resolution in identifying significant genetic differences in pairwise tests between regions. Inferences about population structure and migration rates from the microsatellite data varied depending on whether statistics were based on the stepwise mutation or infinite allele model, with the latter being more congruent with geography. Estimated rates of gene flow were generally higher than expected for nuclear DNA (nDNA) in comparison to mtDNA, and this difference was most pronounced in comparisons between the northern and southern Great Barrier Reef (GBR). The genetic data combined with results from physical tagging studies indicate that the lack of nuclear gene divergence through the GBR is likely due to the migration of sGBR turtles through the courtship area of the nGBR population, rather than male-biased dispersal. This example highlights the value of combining comparative studies of molecular variation with ecological data to infer population processes.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Structure and Diversity of Latvian Acer platanoides Populations Using Cross-Species Nuclear Microsatellite Markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-260
Author(s):  
Dainis Edgars Ruņģis ◽  
Baiba Krivmane
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite

Abstract Acer platanoides L. (Norway maple) is the most widespread native maple species in Europe, with a distribution from south and central Europe to northern Europe and Scandinavia. Acer platanoides is widespread throughout the territory of Latvia, and is mainly found in mixed broadleaf and conifer stands. The genetic diversity and differentiation of Latvian A. platanoides populations was analysed. Sampled populations were located throughout the territory of Latvia, and were selected to represent a range of ecological conditions, with differing levels of anthropogenic impact. A total of 496 individuals from 21 populations were analysed with eight microsatellite markers, which were developed from related Acer species. The obtained molecular data revealed a moderate level of polymorphism, and the analysed Latvian A. platanoides populations were moderately differentiated. This study provides an initial assessment of the genetic diversity and differentiation of Latvian A. platanoides populations, and is also one of the first reports of the analysis of A. platanoides populations using microsatellite markers. The results can be utilised to define A. platanoides genetic resource stands to ensure conservation of a wide range of germplasm.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial DNA Survey Reveals the Lack of Accuracy in Maremmano Horse Studbook Records

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Giontella ◽  
Irene Cardinali ◽  
Hovirag Lancioni ◽  
Samira Giovannini ◽  
Camillo Pieramati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Pedigree Data ◽  
Local Breed ◽  
Ancient Population ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotypes ◽  
Multiple Sampling ◽  
Genealogical Data

The Maremmano horse is considered one of the most important Italian warmblood breeds which originated from an ancient population. In 1980, the National Association of Maremmano Breeders established the first Studbook that recorded 440 dams and four sire founders. In this study, we selected the most significant maternal lines in terms of offspring (for a total of 74 lineages and 92 Maremmano horses) and analyzed their mitochondrial DNA control regions. We found a high variability, reflecting the importance of this local breed as a genetic resource to be preserved. Through multiple sampling, we then verified the pedigree information for 12 dam lines by matching genealogical data with mitochondrial haplotypes. A complete concordance was demonstrated in nine lineages, while for the other we highlighted a different number of haplotypes for each line (three in Fiorella, two in Nizza I, and two in Pomposina), thus suggesting that the information recorded in the Studbook could be wrong and the samples do not descend from the same maternal founder. Our combined analysis provides the opportunity to confirm the ancestry of animals and could be employed to prevent errors in pedigree data also for other breeds and species.

scholarly journals Jumping through the hoops: the challenges of daffodil (Narcissus) classification

2019 ◽  
Vol 190 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kálmán Könyves ◽  
John David ◽  
Alastair Culham
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Microsatellite Data ◽  
Population Sampling ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite ◽  
Congruent Group ◽  
First Time

Abstract Hoop-petticoat daffodils are a morphologically congruent group comprised of two distinct lineages in molecular phylogenetic trees of Narcissus. It is possible that the morphological similarity is a product of both historic and current low-level gene flow between these lineages. For the first time, we report population sampling from across the entire range of distribution covering the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco. In total, 455 samples were collected from 59 populations. Plastid DNA sequences of matK and ndhF were generated alongside 11 microsatellite loci to permit comparison between plastid and nuclear lineage histories. The plastid DNA phylogenetic tree was highly congruent with previous molecular studies and supported the recognition of these two lineages of hoop-petticoat daffodils as separate sections. Assignment of samples to sections sometimes differed between plastid DNA and (nuclear) microsatellite data. In these cases, the taxa had previously been the focus of dissent in taxonomic placement based on morphology. These discrepancies could be explained by hybridization and introgression among the two lineages during the evolution of hoop-petticoat daffodils, and shows that placement of species in sections is dependent on the source of data used. This study underlines the complex evolutionary history of Narcissus and highlights the discrepancies between floral morphology and phylogeny, which provides a continuing challenge for the systematics of Narcissus.

scholarly journals Microevolutionary relationships between biotypes of Elymus confusus, E. peschkovae, and E. sibiricus (Poaceae) according to hybridization and sequencing of the nuclear gene GBSS1 (waxy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 00002
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Agafonov ◽  
Maria V. Emtseva ◽  
Elena V. Shabanova (Kobozeva)
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
Species Differentiation ◽  
Reference Species ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Seed Fertility ◽  
Species Hybridization ◽  
Siberian Species ◽  
Diagnostic Traits

According to descriptions, the Siberian species E. peschkovae and E. confusus differ in the presence or absence of trichomes on lemma and rachilla surfaces only. Two methods were used for study microevolutionary relationships between these species: hybridization of biotypes from different locations and analysis of nucleotide sequences of the low-copy nuclear gene GBSS1. Created and grown hybrids in combinations AMU-8804 × BER-0807 and AMU-8804 × BUK-1109 showed complete seed sterility in two field vegetations. Taking into account wide species areas, 3 hybrids were created between Magadan biotypes from a common habitat in the combination E. confusus MOL1887 × E. peschkovae MOL-1882. The plants showed seed fertility (SF) of 0–3 %. This result does not obscure the possibility to assess SF in the F2 generation and the character of inheritance of diagnostic traits. A comparative study of the GBSS1 gene sequences in accessions was carried out in comparison with clones of reference species. Differentiation of clones by the St2 subgenome in E. confusus, E. peschkovae, E. sibiricus and E. caninus did not reveal a clear relationships between the species. Meanwhile, a certain species specificity for the H1 subgenome was noted, confirming the existence of microevolutionary isolation of these species.

scholarly journals Genetic Structure of the Polymorphic Metrosideros (Myrtaceae) Complex in the Hawaiian Islands Using Nuclear Microsatellite Data

PLoS ONE ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. e4698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica T. Harbaugh ◽  
Warren L. Wagner ◽  
Diana M. Percy ◽  
Helen F. James ◽  
Robert C. Fleischer
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Hawaiian Islands ◽  
Microsatellite Data ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite

Hybridization between Cottus gobio and Cottus poecilopus in the Odra River drainage basin (Czech Republic)

Biologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Marešová ◽  
Věra Lusková ◽  
Bohumír Lojkásek
Keyword(s):  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
River Drainage ◽  
Cottus Gobio ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotypes ◽  
Odra River ◽  
Cottus Poecilopus ◽  
Three Rivers ◽  
High Representation ◽  
River Drainage Basin

AbstractComparisons of morphology, nuclear gene sequencing and microsatellites were used to identify 19 hybrids between the related species Cottus poecilopus and Cottus gobio in three rivers of the Odra River drainage basin. All hybrids were the results of backcrossing and no F1 generation hybrid was found. The resulting progeny are fertile and continue in backcrossing with parental conspecifics. A high representation of backcrosses appears to indicate a lack of reproduction barriers within the hybridization process. It was impossible to differentiate individual back-cross categories on the sole basis of six loci. Mitochondrial haplotypes indicate that this is not a one-way process. In our study, hybridization was asymmetrical in favour of Cottus poecilopus.

scholarly journals Population genetic structure of Texas horned lizards: implications for reintroduction and captive breeding

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean A. Williams ◽  
Nathan D. Rains ◽  
Amanda M. Hale
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Horned Lizards ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite ◽  
Genetic Clusters ◽  
Mitochondrial Clade

The Texas horned lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum) inhabits much of the southern Great Plains of North America. Since the 1950s, this species has been extirpated from much of its eastern range and has suffered declines and local extinctions elsewhere, primarily due to habitat loss. Plans are underway to use captive breeding to produce large numbers of Texas horned lizards for reintroduction into areas that were historically occupied by this species and that currently have suitable habitat. We used mitochondrial markers and nuclear microsatellite markers to determine levels of genetic diversity and population structure in 542 Texas horned lizards sampled from across Texas and some neighboring states to help inform these efforts. Texas horned lizards still retain high genetic diversity in many parts of their current range. We found two highly divergent mitochondrial clades (eastern and western) and three major genetic groupings at nuclear microsatellite loci: a west group corresponding to the western mitochondrial clade and north and south groups within the eastern mitochondrial clade. We also found some evidence for human-mediated movement between these genetic clusters that is probably related to the historical importance of this species in the pet trade and as an iconic symbol of the southwestern United States. We do not know, however, if there are fitness costs associated with admixture (especially for the western and eastern clades) or if there are fitness costs to moving these lizards into habitats that are distinctly different from their ancestral areas. If present, either one or both of these fitness costs would decrease the effectiveness of reintroduction efforts. We therefore recommend that reintroduction efforts should maintain current genetic structure by restricting breeding to be between individuals within their respective genetic clusters, and by reintroducing individuals only into those areas that encompass their respective genetic clusters. This cautionary approach is based on the strong divergence between genetic groupings and their correspondence to different ecoregions.

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