scholarly journals Population genetic structure, genetic diversity, and natural history of the South American species of Nothofagus subgenus Lophozonia (Nothofagaceae) inferred from nuclear microsatellite data

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 2450-2471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Vergara ◽  
Matthew A. Gitzendanner ◽  
Douglas E. Soltis ◽  
Pamela S. Soltis
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
South American ◽  
Microsatellite Data ◽  
South American Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite ◽  
History Of The South

scholarly journals Further notes on the natural history of the South American pepper frog, Leptodactylus labyrinthicus (Spix, 1824) (Anura, Leptodactylidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
WR. Silva ◽  
AA. Giaretta
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
South American ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Spawning Site ◽  
Large Size ◽  
History Of ◽  
Trophic Eggs ◽  
Slow Moving ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
History Of The South

Leptodactylus labyrinthicus tadpoles reach a large size in the nest through consumption of trophic eggs. We previously suggested that the trophic eggs are laid just after amplexus has finished, but our new data do not support this hypothesis. We also present further details on the natural history of the species with regard to breeding activity, spawning site, retreats and the ability of tadpoles in preying upon fully-growth heterospecific tadpoles. We also show that the tadpoles are mainly nocturnal and take diurnal refuges. We collected the data in Brazil in three localities within the Cerrado Biome. We examined burrows used by L. labyrinthicus males, verified if females still contained mature eggs just after released from amplexus, and tested the ability of tadpoles in preying fully-growth heterospecific tadpoles. Field observations and experiments were conducted on tadpole activity time, hiding behaviour and level of susceptibility to predation by the bird leaf-scrapers in four sheltering situations. Reproduction could start before the first rains; this may be advantageous by allowing the tadpoles to exploit eggs of other frogs. We found one floating nest built in a temporary pool. The nest of the species is normally circumscribed in an excavated basin beside the water body. Adult males were found during the day with their head-out of the entrance of underwater burrows, which were perforations through dense root mats beside calling/spawning sites. Probably, these burrows in permanently water-filled soil are actively excavated by males. Females released all their eggs during the amplexus, so trophic eggs are not produced by the currently-accepted mechanism. Fully-grown heterospecific tadpoles were not preyed upon by L. labyrinthicus tadpoles, which can prey only slow-moving newly hatched ones. Field tadpoles took shelter under mud/dead leaves during daylight and became exposed on the bottom at night. Free-ranging leaf-scrapers removed dead leaves from a pool with their beaks and preyed upon tadpoles. In the experiments, the tadpoles sheltered under gravel/leaves during daylight, but they were exposed at night. Leaf-scrapers ate all exposed tadpoles, but no tadpole of the gravel/leaves trays was consumed. Hence the nocturnal habits and use of diurnal refuges may protect the tadpoles from visual predators, such as the leaf-scrapers.

Population structure and natural history of the South American fruit‐feeding butterfly Taygetis ypthima (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-761
Author(s):  
Vanessa Schaeffer Pedrotti ◽  
Nicolás Oliveira Mega ◽  
Helena Piccoli Romanowski
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Natural History ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of The South

scholarly journals Population Genetic Structure and Colonisation History of the Tool-Using New Caledonian Crow

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. e36608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jawad Abdelkrim ◽  
Gavin R. Hunt ◽  
Russell D. Gray ◽  
Neil J. Gemmell
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
New Caledonian Crow ◽  
Caledonian Crow ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Intraspecific divergences and phylogeography of Panzerina lanata (Lamiaceae) in Northwest China

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfen Zhao ◽  
Hongxiang Zhang ◽  
Borong Pan ◽  
Mingli Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Northwestern China ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Helan Mountains ◽  
The Impact

Climactic fluctuations during the Quaternary played a crucial role in genetic diversity and population genetic structure of many plant species in northwestern China. In order to understand the impact of climate change on herbaceous plants, we studied Panzerina lanata (Lamiaceae), a widely distributed species. Two chloroplast DNA intergenic spacers (trnH-psbA and rpoB-trnC) were used to sequence 269 individuals from 27 populations and seven haplotypes were identified. Genetic structure and demographic characteristics were estimated using AMOVA, neutrality tests, and mismatch distribution analyses. The divergence times between the seven haplotypes were estimated using Beast. Our results revealed high levels of total genetic diversity (HT = 0.673±0.0869) and low levels of average within-population genetic diversity (HS = 0.033±0.0214). The analysis of molecular variance indicated major genetic differentiation among the three groups: northern, central, and eastern group. The species distribution modeling and demographic analysis indicated that P. lanata has not experience a recent range expansion. The divergence time within P. lanata occurred between the early Pleistocene and the late Pleistocene, which coincides with aridification and the expansion of the deserts in northwestern China that resulted in species diversification and habitat fragmentation. In addition, we speculate that the deserts and the Helan Mountains acted as effective geographic barriers that led to intraspecific diversity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document