scholarly journals Changes of the erythrocyte phenotype and blood biochemistry in dairy calves during the first ten weeks of age

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7248
Author(s):  
Lennart Golbeck ◽  
Imke Cohrs ◽  
Theresa Scheu ◽  
Walter Grünberg
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Oncotic Pressure ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Intracellular Space ◽  
Blood Hemoglobin ◽  
Primary Determinant ◽  
Over Time

BackgroundBovine erythrocytes undergo important changes in their morphology and chemical composition during the first weeks of age, which must be understood to accurately interpret hematology results in calves. The objectives of this prospective cohort study were to describe physiological changes of calf erythrocytes and to investigate mechanisms potentially causing these changes.MethodsBlood samples from 30 clinically healthy dairy calves were obtained from birth to the tenth week of age in weekly intervals. Hematological and plasma biochemical parameters as well as the mineral electrolyte content of erythrocytes were determined and followed over time. The changes of parameters characterizing the erythrocyte phenotype over time were compared to the changes of plasma and erythrocyte biochemical parameters and possible associations were investigated using correlation and stepwise regression analyses.ResultsAlthough the erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume (MCV) declined from 43.6 ± 3.7 fL to 35.6 ± 3.2 fL between the first and seventh week, the red blood cell count (RBC) increased from 7.2 ± 1.1 × 1012/L to 9.3 ± 1.0 × 1012/L until the fifth week of age. The blood hemoglobin (Hb) concentration increased from 0.96 ± 0.16 g/L to 1.16 ± 0.11 g/L in the first three weeks of age and remained at this level until the end of the study. Changes in MCV were accompanied by a decline of the erythrocyte potassium content (KERY) from 91.9 ± 13.5 to 24.6 ± 7.2 mmol/L and a concomitant increase of the erythrocyte sodium content from 45.0 ± 32.0 to 102.7 ± 26.5 mmol/L. MCV was found to be associated with KERY, the primary determinant of the intra-erythrocyte osmotic pressure from the sixth week of age and with blood hemoglobin, the primary determinant of the intra-erythrocyte oncotic pressure from the eighth week of age, when KERY, blood Hb and MCV already had reached or approached normal levels of adult cattle. The plasma iron concentration was not found to be associated to any of the studied hematological parameters.ConclusionA volume reduction of 20% in bovine neonatal erythrocytes is a physiological change occurring during the first weeks of age and is neither associated with sideropenia nor with anemia in healthy calves. The mechanism driving the observed erythrocyte volume change could not be identified. Results of the correlation and regression analyses indicate that changes in intra-erythrocyte osmotic or oncotic pressure are improbable underlying causes. Results reported here show that KERYis an unreliable indicator for the K homeostasis of the intracellular space in neonatal calves and that a decrease in MCV in early life per-se is an unreliable indicator for the development of microcytic anemia.

scholarly journals Observational Study on Variation of Longitudinal Platelet Counts in Calves over the First 14 Days of Life and Reference Intervals from Cross-Sectional Platelet and Leukocyte Counts in Dairy Calves up to Two Months of Age

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Emma Strous ◽  
Arne Vanhoudt ◽  
Anja Smolenaars ◽  
Gerdien van Schaik ◽  
Matthijs Schouten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Leukocyte Counts ◽  
Count Reference

Platelet and leukocyte count reference intervals (RIs) for cattle differ by age and while adult RIs are known, RIs for calves are studied less. The aims of this observational study are to evaluate variation of platelet counts of Holstein Friesian calves over the first 14 days of life and to propose RIs for platelet and leukocyte counts of Holstein Friesian calves aged 0–60 days. In a longitudinal study, 19 calves were blood sampled 17 times, in the first 14 days of their lives. Blood was collected in a citrate blood tube and platelet counts were determined. We assessed the course of platelet counts. In a field study, 457 healthy calves were blood sampled once. Blood was collected in an EDTA blood tube and platelet and leukocyte counts were determined. The RIs were calculated by the 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles. Platelet counts started to increase 24 h after birth (mean platelet count 381 × 109/L ± 138 × 109/L) and stabilized after five days (mean platelet count 642 × 109/L ± 265 × 109/L). In calves up to six days of age, platelet counts were lower than in calves older than five days. In conclusion, the RIs of platelet and leukocyte counts in calves were wider in range than the RIs for adult cattle, therefore, calf specific RIs for platelet and leukocyte counts should be used. From 6 until 60 days of age, we propose an RI for platelet counts of 287–1372 × 109/L and for the first 60 days of life an RI for leukocyte counts of 4.0–18.9 × 109/L.

Nutritional Status of Patients Undergoing Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Heide ◽  
Andreas Pierratos ◽  
Ramesh Khanna ◽  
Jean Pettit ◽  
Raymond Ogilvie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Over Time

Nutritional follow-up of 20 CAPD patients for 18–24 months showed a decrease in total body nitrogen, increase in total body potassium and body weight, and a decrease in protein intake over time. There was no correlation between changes in TBN and the biochemical parameters measured. Serial dietetic assessments and measurements of total body nitrogen as well as adherence to an adequate protein intake will assist in the prevention of malnutrition in CAPD patients.

Neighborhood Firearm Victimization Rates and Social Capital Over Time

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin C. Medina
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Policy Planning ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Neighborhood Social Capital ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Victimization Rates

Distribution of firearm victimization is not equal within cities. Victimization can persistently concentrate in a small number of neighborhoods, while others experience very little violence. Theorists have pointed to one possible explanation as the ability of groups to control violence using social capital. Researchers have shown this association at the U.S. county, state, and national levels. Few studies, however, have examined the relationship between neighborhood social capital and violence over time. This study uses longitudinal data to ask whether neighborhood social capital both predicts and is influenced by firearm victimization over 3 years in Philadelphia. The results of several regression analyses suggest that trusting others and firearm victimization are inversely related over time. Implications for neighborhood policy planning and social capital as a theoretical framework are discussed.

scholarly journals Patient Global Ratings of Change Did Not Adequately Reflect Change Over Time: A Clinical Cohort Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Schmitt ◽  
J. Haxby Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Computerized Adaptive Testing ◽  
Recall Period ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Global Ratings ◽  
Discharge Status ◽  
Over Time

BackgroundGlobal ratings of change (GROCs) are commonly used in research and clinical practice to determine which patients respond to therapy, but their validity as a criterion for change has not been firmly established. One factor related to their validity is the length of the recall period.ObjectiveThe study objective was to examine the influence of the length of the recall period on the validity of a GROC for determining true change over time in the clinical setting.DesignThis was a longitudinal, single-cohort observational study.MethodsData from the Focus on Therapeutic Outcomes clinical database were collected for 8,955 patients reporting for physical therapy treatment of a knee disorder. Computerized adaptive testing was used to assess knee functional status (FS) at the initial and final (discharge) physical therapy visits. Each patient's GROC was obtained at discharge. Correlation and linear regression analyses of knee FS and GROC, stratified by length of time between intake and discharge, were conducted.ResultsCorrelations of GROC with knee FS change scores were modest even for the shortest period of recall (0–30 days) and were slightly lower for longer recall periods. Regression analyses using knee FS to predict GROC scores revealed similar findings. Correlations of GROC with intake and discharge scores indicated a strong bias toward discharge status, with little or no influence of baseline status. Standardized regression coefficients fitted the pattern expected for a valid measure of change but confirmed the strong bias toward discharge status.LimitationsOne version of the GROC administered serially in a cohort of patients seen in clinical practice was examined.ConclusionsThese results call into question the validity of GROCs for measuring change over time in routine clinical practice.

scholarly journals The Evolution of External and Internal Implant–Abutment Connections: A Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
D.R. Prithviraj ◽  
Ninad Muley ◽  
Vikas Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Screw Loosening ◽  
Implant Abutment ◽  
Primary Determinant ◽  
Native Speakers Of English ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Abutment Screw

A study of the implant–abutment connection is of great importance because it is the primary determinant of the strength and stability of an implant-supported restoration, which, in turn, determines the restoration’s prosthetic stability. Traditionally, Brånemark’s external hexagon has been used, but significant complications, such as abutment screw loosening, rotational misfit at the implant–abutment interface, and microbial penetration have led to modification of the external hexagon and the development of internal implant–abutment connections. In this review, we describe various implant–abutment connections that have evolved over time from the traditional external hexagon.  How to cite this article: Alharissy M, Dayoub S. The Evolution of External and Internal Implant–Abutment Connections: A Review. Int Dent Res 2012;2:37-42. Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

Social Distance Between Prisoners and Prison Staff

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 706-724
Author(s):  
Gorazd Meško ◽  
Rok Hacin
Keyword(s):  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Prison Staff ◽  
Over Time

This article focuses on social distance and explores possible differences between factors that influence social distance in a variety of prison environments. Results from multiple regression analyses show that the perception of procedural justice and legitimacy of prison staff, the presence of violent subculture, and age are the best predictors of social distance. These findings highlight the unstable nature of social distance. Moreover, the presence of social distance varies over time and across different prison settings. The implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Perceived personal deadlines for late-life preparation across adulthood

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frieder R. Lang ◽  
Fiona S. Rupprecht
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Opportunity Structures ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Throughout adulthood, individuals follow personal timetables of deadlines that shape the course of aging. We examine 6-year-longitudinal data of perceived personal deadlines for starting with late-life preparation across adulthood. Findings are based on a sample of 518 adults between 18 and 88 years of age. Multilevel regression analyses were conducted to explore changes in personal deadlines for preparation in five domains (i.e., finances, end of life, housing, social connectedness, caregiving) in relation to calendar age, self-rated health, subjective position in life, and sociodemographic variables. Findings suggest that personal deadlines for starting preparatory activities differ depending on calendar age and domain of late-life preparation. Older adults as compared to younger adults are likely to report narrower deadlines for beginning with late-life preparation. Perceived deadlines for late-life preparation were furthermore found to be preponed and slightly dilated over time. Findings suggest that depending on age-graded opportunity structures, individuals flexibly adjust their personal deadlines for late-life preparation.

scholarly journals Different Approaches to Address Bullying in KiVa Schools: Adherence to Guidelines, Strategies Implemented, and Outcomes Obtained

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eerika Johander ◽  
Tiina Turunen ◽  
Claire F. Garandeau ◽  
Christina Salmivalli
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Perceived Effectiveness ◽  
Adherence To Guidelines ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Antibullying Program

AbstractWe examined the extent to which school personnel implementing the KiVa® antibullying program in Finland during 2009–2015 systematically employed the program-recommended approaches (confronting or non-confronting), used one or the other depending on the bullying case (case-specific approach), or used their own adaptation when talking to perpetrators of bullying, and whether they organized follow-up meetings after such discussions. In addition to investigating adherence to program guidelines, we tested how effective these different approaches were in stopping bullying. Finally, we tested the contribution of follow-up meetings and the number of years KiVa had been implemented in a school to the effectiveness of the interventions, using reports from both school personnel and victimized students. The data were collected annually across 6 years via online questionnaires and included responses from 1221 primary and secondary schools. The school personnel were more likely to use the confronting approach than the non-confronting approach. Over time, rather than sticking to the two program-recommended approaches, they made adaptations (e.g., combining the two; using their own approach). Two-level regression analyses indicated that the discussions were equally effective, according to both personnel and victimized students, when the confronting, non-confronting, or a case-specific approach had been used. The discussions were less effective when the personnel used their own adaptation or could not specify the method used. Perceived effectiveness was higher in primary school and when follow-up meetings were organized systematically after each intervention, but unrelated to the number of years KiVa had been implemented.

Changes in hematological, hemostatic and biochemical parameters induced experimentally in rabbits by Loxosceles gaucho spider venom

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 477-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Luiz Tavares ◽  
Maria Cristina Cirillo Sousa-e-Silva ◽  
Marcelo Larami Santoro ◽  
Káitia Cristina Barbaro ◽  
Ivanise Marina Moretti Rebecchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Intravascular Hemolysis ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Systemic Reactions ◽  
Coagulation Tests ◽  
Platelet Hyperaggregation ◽  
Over Time

Human accidents caused by Loxosceles spiders may result in local dermal necrosis and, in some cases, severe systemic reactions - such as intravascular hemolysis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), renal failure and death. Since many aspects of envenomation by Loxosceles spiders remain unclear, we studied the hematological and hemostatic responses induced by the i.d. injection of 10 μg/kg Loxosceles gaucho venom in rabbits. For this purpose, total blood cell count, platelet function, coagulation tests and biochemical parameters were analysed at 3, 24, 48, 72 and 120 hours after venom administration. Thrombocytopenia and leukopenia were noted at 3 and 24 hours. Histopathological analysis of the skin lesion, performed at 24 hours after venom administration, showed a massive presence of leukocytes and platelets, hemorrhage and thrombus fornation at the injection site. At 72 and 120 hours, neutrophilic leukocytosis and thrombocytosis were observed. Platelet hyperaggregation was noticeable at 48 and 72 hours. Haptoglobin and fibrinogen levels were elevated early and remained in high levels over time. Significant increases in coagulation factors V, VII, VIII, IX, X and XI were noted at 120 hours. The results showed that neither intravascular hemolysis nor DIC occurred. However, the early onset of thrombocytopenia and leukopenia are important findings that may be related to dermal necrosis formation during loxoscelism.

Trajectories of Leisure Activity and Disability in Older Adults Over 11 Years in Taiwan

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 706-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Wei Yu ◽  
Tung-liang Chiang ◽  
Duan-Rung Chen ◽  
Yu-Kang Tu ◽  
Ya-Mei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Growth Curve Modeling ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Curve Modeling ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
Latent Class Growth ◽  
Over Time

We aimed to identify leisure activity (LA) trajectories and examined the association among baseline characteristics, LA trajectories, and the later disability among older Taiwanese adults. Data were from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging Survey for the years 1996-2007 ( N = 3,186). LA trajectories were identified by using latent class growth curve modeling. Regression analyses were applied to predict the relationships among baseline characteristics, LA trajectories, and disability. Four LA trajectories—consistent high, consistent low, increasing, and decreasing—were identified. Lower depressive symptom was related to consistently active in LAs. Younger age and fewer comorbidities were related to develop an increasing LA trajectory. Participants in the consistent-high or increasing LA trajectories were more likely to be functionally independent, but those in the decreasing LA subgroup were more at risk of developing disability. The findings suggested that long-term changes in LA over time have benefits on physical health in older population.

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