scholarly journals Genetic polymorphisms and forensic efficiency of 19 X-chromosomal STR loci for Xinjiang Mongolian population

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Chen ◽  
Yuxin Guo ◽  
Cheng Xiao ◽  
Weibin Wu ◽  
Qiong Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minority Group ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Bonferroni Correction ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Str Loci ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Forensic Efficiency ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
High Utility

Aim X-chromosomal short tandem repeat (X-STR) loci are playing an increasingly important role in some complex kinship cases in recent years. To investigate the forensic efficiency of X-STRs of Mongolian minority group from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, and further depict the genetic relationship among Xinjiang Mongolians and other populations, 267 blood samples from unrelated healthy Xinjiang Mongolians were amplified by an AGCU X-19 STR kit. Results No deviations for all 19 X-STR loci were observed from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction (p > 0.0026) in female samples. The most frequent allele was allele 10 at locus DXS10164 with the frequency 0.5663. The polymorphism information content values of the 19 X-STR loci were more than 0.5 with the highest polymorphism at the locus DXS10135. The cumulative power of discrimination were 0.99999999999999999999988761005481 in females and 0.999999999999903 in males, respectively; and the cumulative mean exclusion chances were 0.9999999969738068321121 in duos and 0.999999999998952 in trios, respectively. The seven linkage groups were extremely informative, with all the haplotype diversities greater than 0.9487. No linkage disequilibrium was observed for a significance level of 0.00029 (p = 0.05/171) after Bonferroni correction. The DA distances, multidimensional scaling plot and phylogenetic tree based on the 11 overlapping X-STR loci all presented that the Xinjiang Mongolian population was genetically different from other Asian populations, including the Mongolian population from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. Conclusion This study indicated that the 19 X-STR multiplex PCR system was of high utility value for both forensic practices and population genetic research in Xinjiang Mongolian group.

scholarly journals Forensic characteristics and population genetics of Chinese Kazakh ethnic minority with an efficient STR panel

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6802
Author(s):  
Chong Chen ◽  
Yuxin Guo ◽  
Xiaoye Jin ◽  
Wei Cui ◽  
Yuanyuan Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Str Loci ◽  
Forensic Efficiency ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Equilibrium Test

On the purpose of enhancing the forensic efficiency of CODIS STR loci, new STR loci have been gradually discovered and developed into some commercial multiplex systems. Recently, 22 STR loci including 18 non-CODIS STR loci and four CODIS STR loci were investigated in 501 unrelated healthy individuals of Kazakh ethnic group. Seven to 20 alleles at the different loci were identified and altogether 276 alleles for 22 selected loci were detected with the corresponding allelic frequencies ranging from 0.0010 to 0.3623. No significant deviation was observed from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium test for any of the 22 STRs. The value of cumulative power of discrimination in Kazakh group was 1-1.00E−28. Analyses of population differentiations and genetic distances between Kazakh and other Chinese groups presented that the Kazakh group with the Uygur group. These 22 STR loci evenly distributed on 22 different autosomal chromosomes were characterized by high genetic diversities and therefore could be utilized in the forensic cases to further increase the discrimination performance.

scholarly journals Genetic variation and forensic efficiency of 30 indels for three ethnic groups in Guangxi: relationships with other populations

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weian Du ◽  
Chunlei Feng ◽  
Ting Yao ◽  
Cheng Xiao ◽  
Hongyan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Personal Identification ◽  
Bonferroni Correction ◽  
Forensic Application ◽  
Discrimination Power ◽  
Forensic Efficiency ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Aim In this study, we used a series of diallelic genetic marker insertion/deletion polymorphism (indel) to investigate three populations of Yao, Kelao, and Zhuang groups in the Guangxi region of China and to evaluate their efficiency in forensic application. Result No deviations for all 30 loci were observed from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction (p > 0.05/30 = 0.0017). The allele frequencies of the short allele (DIP-) for the above three populations were in the range of 0.0520–0.9480, 0.0950–0.8780, and 0.0850–0.915, respectively. The observed heterozygosity of the 30 loci for the three populations was in the ranges 0.0802–0.5802, 0.1908–0.6053, and 0.1400–0.5600, respectively. The cumulative power of exclusion and combined discrimination power for Yao, Kelao, and Zhuang groups were (0.9843 and 0.9999999999433), (0.9972 and 0.9999999999184), and (0.9845 and 0.9999999999608), respectively. The DA distance, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis indicated a clear regional distribution. In addition, Zhuang groups had close genetic relationships with the Yao and Kelao populations in the Guangxi region. Conclusion This study indicated that the 30 loci were qualified for personal identification; moreover, they could be used as complementary genetic markers for paternity testing in forensic cases for the studied populations.

scholarly journals Color stability of ceramic brackets immersed in potentially staining solutions

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Coser Guignone ◽  
Ludimila Karsbergen Silva ◽  
Rodrigo Villamarim Soares ◽  
Emilio Akaki ◽  
Marcelo Coelho Goiato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Bonferroni Correction ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Immersion Period ◽  
Ceramic Brackets

OBJECTIVE: To assess the color stability of five types of ceramic brackets after immersion in potentially staining solutions.METHODS: Ninety brackets were divided into 5 groups (n = 18) according to brackets commercial brands and the solutions in which they were immersed (coffee, red wine, coke and artificial saliva). The brackets assessed were Transcend (3M/Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA), Radiance (American Orthodontics, Sheboygan, WI, USA), Mystique (GAC International Inc., Bohemia, NY, USA) and Luxi II (Rocky Mountain Orthodontics, Denver, CO, USA). Chromatic changes were analyzed with the aid of a reflectance spectrophotometer and by visual inspection at five specific time intervals. Assessment periods were as received from the manufacturer (T0), 24 hours (T1), 72 hours (T2), as well as 7 days (T3) and 14 days (T4) of immersion in the aforementioned solutions. Results were submitted to statistical analysis with ANOVA and Bonferroni correction, as well as to a multivariate profile analysis for independent and paired samples with significance level set at 5%.RESULTS: The duration of the immersion period influenced color alteration of all tested brackets, even though these changes could not always be visually observed. Different behaviors were observed for each immersion solution; however, brackets immersed in one solution progressed similarly despite minor variations.CONCLUSIONS: Staining became more intense over time and all brackets underwent color alterations when immersed in the aforementioned solutions.

scholarly journals Allele Frequencies of 15 AmpFISTR Identifiler loci in the Nepalese population

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 20-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar Jha ◽  
Luis Javier Martinez Gonzalez ◽  
Jiwan Prasad Rijal ◽  
Bhinu Shova Tuladhar ◽  
Nirajan Thapa Chhetri
Keyword(s):  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Allelic Frequencies ◽  
Str Loci ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium

Allele frequencies for the 15 STR loci in the AmpFlSTR® Identifiler® and statistical parameters were estimated from a sample of 233 unrelated individuals from different area of Nepal. A total of 161 alleles were found, with corresponding allelic frequencies ranging from 0.0021 to 0.4077. The MP, PD, PIC, PE, TPI, Ho and He ranged from 0.0282 to 0.1511, 0.8489 to 0.9717, 0.6478 to 0.8700, 0.4546 to 0.7631, 1.7651 to 4.3148, 0.7167 to 0.8841 and 0.7009 to 0.8833 respectively. Deviations from the Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium were observed for D16S539, D18S51, D21S11 and TPOX Markers. One new allele has been detected in the process. Scientific World, Vol. 10, No. 10, July 2012 p20-23 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sw.v10i10.6856

scholarly journals EVOLUTION OF DNA SEQUENCING METHODS AND PROSPECTS FOR THEIR USE IN FORENSIC DNA EXAMINATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (87) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanna Bazyliuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Degraded Dna ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
Str Loci

The study of the human genome makes it possible to use genetic information to identify individual traits, diagnosis of diseases and forecasting and prevention of their development, promotes a personal approach when choosing treatment methods; population research, ethnogenesis and evolutionary processes. Introduction of DNA sequencing methods in domestic genetic fingerprinting will contribute to a more informative establishment of human genetic traits. The main purpose of molecular genetic research is to establish the genetic features of missing people, their relatives, to conduct paternity, to identify traces of biological origin and their identification. This article talks about the gradual development of DNA sequencing technology, which is conventionally divided into three types. The first type includes sequencing using capillary electrophoresis and pyrosequencing. The second type is high-throughput pyrosequencing, semiconductor, cyclic ligase, and the use of fluorescently labeled precursors, based on the sequencing of millions of DNA fragments simultaneously. The third stage includes methods that do not require prior sample preparation. These are methods of nanoporous sequencing, sequencing of one molecule, one-molecular sequencing. Today, each of the sequencing methods is aimed at performing different tasks. A number of methods are promising in the field of molecular-genetic examination. In world jurisprudence, sequencing is implemented mainly with the help of devices - Illumina’s, MiSeq FGx, Ion Torrent PGM from ThermoFisher and Ion S5. Research in forensic expertise of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), sequencing of STR-loci and mitochondrial DNA, STR-loci and SNP-markers of the Y chromosome, will provide a high level of information, determination of human phenotypic traits, the possibility of establishing genetic traits from significantly degraded DNA. This article deals with modern problems of identification of human genetic traits and the prospect of introduction of the newest methods of sequencing for their qualitative and complete establishment.

scholarly journals Understanding Uighur Terrorism: The Human Needs Theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
Derek McGrath ◽  
Jonathan Matusitz
Keyword(s):  
Qing Dynasty ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The Qing Dynasty ◽  
Islamic Movement ◽  
Human Need ◽  
The Media ◽  
Basic Human Needs ◽  
Needs Theory

This paper applies the Human Needs Theory to Uighur terrorism. The theory posits that people become violent when their basic human needs are unfulfilled, denied, or taken away from them. Also referred to as the East Turkestan Islamic Movement (ETIM), Uighur terrorists are a minority group of Muslim extremists in the western Chinese Autonomous Region of Xinjiang. Until the mid-1700s, they were considered a peaceful group, but when they lost their autonomy during the Qing dynasty rule (until 1910), and faced oppression by their new government, they resorted to violence. In this case, the Uighurs’ human need “stolen” by the Chinese was their identity. Not only is the Uighur issue underrepresented in the media; it has also received such negligible attention that most governments and scholars believe that the Autonomous Region of Xinjiang is mostly occupied by terrorists.

scholarly journals ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW MICROSATELLITE MARKERS FOR THE CORTÉS GEODUCK (Panopea globosa)

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Celia Isabel Bisbal -Pardo ◽  
Miguel Ángel Del Río -Portilla ◽  
Ana Yonori Castillo -Paéz ◽  
Axayácatl Rocha-Olivares
Keyword(s):  
Fishery Management ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Tetranucleotide Repeats ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Sustainable Fishery ◽  
Generation Technology

The geoduck Panopea globosa is a long-lived and large endemic infaunal clam sustaining a growing fishery in the Northwest coast of México that, in spite of its increasing demand in Asian markets very little is known about its biology. In order to provide genetic markers to support genetic research of wild populations, nine novel microsatellite loci (di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide repeats) were developed using shotgun sequencing with next generation technology (Illumina). The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 16 and the observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.286 to 0.650 and 0.504 to 0.906, respectively. Five loci were found to be significantly deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and three pairs showed evidence of linkage disequilibrium. Most loci are highly informative for population genetics and linkage analyses according to their polymorphism information content (> 0.5) and will be useful for increasing our understanding of the wild population structure and developing a sustainable fishery management. Aislamiento y caracterización de nuevos marcadores microsatelitales en la almeja generosa (Panopea globosa) La almeja generosa Panopea globosa es una especie infáunica longeva y de gran tamaño que mantiene una pesquería creciente en la costa del Noroeste de México. A pesar de su demanda creciente en los mercados asiáticos, se conoce muy poco acerca de su biología. Con la finalidad de proveer nuevos marcadores genéticos para la caracterización de poblaciones silvestres, se desarrollaron nueve marcadores microsatelitales nuevos (con patrones repetidos de di-, tri-, y tetranucleotídicos) utilizando secuenciación genómica aleatoria con tecnología de secuenciación de siguiente generación (Illumina). El número de alelos por locus varió de 3 a 16 y los valores de heterocigosidad observada y esperada variaron de 0.286 a 0.650 y 0.504 a 0.906, respectivamente. Cinco microsatelites se desvían del equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg y tres pares de microsatélites mostraron evidencia de desequilibrio de ligamiento. La mayoría de los loci son altamente informativos para estudios poblacionales y análisis de ligamiento de acuerdo con su contenido de información de polimorfismos (> 0.5) y serán útiles para incrementar el conocimiento de la estructura genética de las poblaciones silvestres de esta almeja y para coadyuvar en su pesquería sustentable.

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