scholarly journals A comparison of two common sample preparation techniques for lipid and fatty acid analysis in three different coral morphotypes reveals quantitative and qualitative differences

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Conlan ◽  
Melissa M. Rocker ◽  
David S. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Lipid Analysis ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Pocillopora Damicornis ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Coral Holobiont ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Lipids are involved in a host of biochemical and physiological processes in corals. Therefore, changes in lipid composition reflect changes in the ecology, nutrition, and health of corals. As such, accurate lipid extraction, quantification, and identification is critical to obtain comprehensive insight into a coral’s condition. However, discrepancies exist in sample preparation methodology globally, and it is currently unknown whether these techniques generate analogous results. This study compared the two most common sample preparation techniques for lipid analysis in corals: (1) tissue isolation by air-spraying and (2) crushing the coral in toto. Samples derived from each preparation technique were subsequently analysed to quantify lipids and their constituent classes and fatty acids in four common, scleractinian coral species representing three distinct morphotypes (Acropora millepora, Montipora crassotuberculata, Porites cylindrica, and Pocillopora damicornis). Results revealed substantial amounts of organic material, including lipids, retained in the skeletons of all species following air-spraying, causing a marked underestimation of total lipid concentration using this method. Moreover, lipid class and fatty acid compositions between the denuded skeleton and sprayed tissue were substantially different. In particular, the majority of the total triacylglycerol and total fatty acid concentrations were retained in the skeleton (55–69% and 56–64%, respectively). As such, the isolated, sprayed tissue cannot serve as a reliable proxy for lipid quantification or identification in the coral holobiont. The in toto crushing method is therefore recommended for coral sample preparation prior to lipid analysis to capture the lipid profile of the entire holobiont, permitting accurate diagnoses of coral condition.

scholarly journals (204) Optimization of One-step Extraction/Methylation Method for Analysis of Fatty Acid Composition in Rice and Alday Seeds

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1069B-1069
Author(s):  
Kyoung-Shim Cho ◽  
Hyun-Ju Kim ◽  
Sang-Mi Moon ◽  
Hyun-Gu Choi ◽  
Young-Sang Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Reaction Solution ◽  
One Step

Traditionally fatty acid composition used to be analysed by GC and the sample preparation consisted of lipid extraction from sample and subsequent methyl esters preparation, which are time-consuming and cumbersome. As an alternative, simultaneous extraction/methylation methods are being developed for rapid and simplified sample preparation. To optimize one-step extraction/methylation method for analysis of fatty acid composition in brown rice and adlay seeds, various factors, such as sample to reaction solution ratio, reaction time and temperature, and shaking intensity, were altered and resultant fatty acid composition data were evaluated in comparison with previous reports. The ratio of sample weight to reaction solution volume was the most critical factor in that higher sample to reaction solution ratio caused overestimation of palmitic acid and linoleic acid composition, resulting in underestimation of oleic acid. Lower reaction temperature also induced overestimation of linoleic acid and underestimation of oleic acid. Reaction duration and the intensity of shaking prior to and during the reaction, however, induced no significant changes in analysis results. In conclusion, the optimum condition for brown rice was mixing 5 grains (about 0.2 g) of brown rice with 680 μL of methylating mixture and 400 μL of heptane, followed by reaction at 80 °C for 2 hours.

Fatty Acid Analysis Tool (FAAT):  An FT-ICR MS Lipid Analysis Algorithm

2006 ◽  
Vol 78 (15) ◽  
pp. 5497-5503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Leavell ◽  
Julie A. Leary
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Analysis ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Analysis Algorithm ◽  
Ft Icr Ms ◽  
Ft Icr

New Approach—Sample Preparation Techniques for Plastic Small Outline Package (Frontside and Backside)

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin Marquez ◽  
Dat Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Lead Frame ◽  
Front Side ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Sample Preparation Technique ◽  
Bond Wires ◽  
Bond Pads ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Abstract As device packages become smaller, the job of failure analysts becomes more difficult. Other complex configurations such as Small Outline Packages (SOP) pose unique problems. The difficulty of removing the encapsulant while preserving the integrity of the die, bond pads, bond wires and lead frame interconnects on a small outline package pose a serious problem. A new sample preparation technique is offered in order to expose the front side and backside of the die. This technique dramatically reduced the risk of damage and ensures the functionality of the device after decapsulation.

A Sample Preparation Technique to Localize Gate Oxide Defects in Memory Arrays Using Conducting Atomic Force Microscopy

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshminarayanan Lakshmanan ◽  
Lowell Herlinger ◽  
Kathryn Miller
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Gate Oxide ◽  
Silicon On Insulator ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Sample Preparation Technique ◽  
Oxide Defects ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Abstract Shrinking gate lengths have led to increased challenges in isolating defects using conventional physical failure analysis methods. Conducting atomic force microscopy (CAFM) has been proven to be a powerful tool to isolate gate oxide defects in silicon-on-insulator devices. Some sample preparation techniques of exposing polysilicon and gate oxide, which were critical to perform CAFM scan, are discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Biomolecular Component Analysis of Phospholipids Composition in Live HeLa Cells

Biosensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svitlana Levchenko ◽  
Junle Qu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Analysis ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Phospholipid Composition ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Saturation Degree

The alteration of the phospholipid composition within the cell, in particular the ratio between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, can serve as an important biomarker to prognosis of the disease progression (e.g., fatty-liver disease, prostate cancer, or neurodegenerative disorders). Major techniques for lipid analysis in biological samples require a lipid extraction procedure that is not compatible with live cell studies. To address this challenge, we apply microRaman-Biomolecular Component Analysis (BCA) for comparative analysis of phospholipid composition and sensing the saturation degree of fatty acid lipid chain in live HeLa cells and lipids extracted from HeLa cells. After processing raw Raman data, acquired in lipid droplets (LDs) free cytoplasmic area, LDs and extracted lipids with BCA, the lipid component was isolated. Despite the similarity in general profiles of processed Raman spectra acquired in live cells and extracted lipids, some clear differences that reflect diversity in their phospholipids composition were revealed. Furthermore, using the direct relation between the number of double bonds in the fatty acid chain and the intensity ratio of the corresponding Raman bands, the saturation degree of fatty acids was estimated.

Comparison of Different Sample Preparation Techniques for Untargeted Metabolomics utilizing Q-TOF LC/MS and MetaboAnalyst 4.0

2020 ◽  
Vol 08 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozan Kaplan ◽  
Engin Koçak ◽  
Mustafa Çelebier
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Sample Preparation Technique ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Ionization Mode ◽  
Human Blood Samples ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Background: Profiling the whole metabolome with a single injection is not an easy process because the chemical and physical properties of metabolites are totally different within each other and the analytical methodologies and datamining procedures need lots of effort to make such an approach for real. This reality leads researchers to select an already applied methodology for metabolite profiling and analyze the samples through identical techniques. Objective: In this study, it was focused whether the sample preparation techniques on human blood samples prior to QTOF LC/MS analysis affect the number of detectable peaks and to analyze the matched metabolites of these peaks. The results were compared within each other. Method: Precipitation of proteins with methanol, ultrafiltration (Amicon® Ultra 3 kDa 0.5 mL Centrifugal Filters), liquidphase extraction (EXtrelut® NT 3 cartridges) and solid-phase extraction (Supelco HybridSPE®-Phospholipid Cartridge) were used for sample preparation on commercial pooled plasmas samples. C18 column (Agilent Zorbax 1.8 μM, 50 x 2.1 mm) was used as the chromatography column. Q-TOF LC/MS analysis was performed on positive ionization mode. XCMS and MetaboAnalyst 4.0 - MS Peaks to Pathways utility were used to evaluate the raw data. Results: Although the number of detected peaks through precipitation with methanol was the highest one (624 peaks), the detected peaks observed through ultrafiltration sample preparation technique matched with the highest number of metabolite peaks (151 metabolites). The number of the matched peaks with metabolites on liquid phase extraction (81 metabolites) was higher than the ones for solid phase extraction (29 metabolites). Conclusion: The results in this study may provide a novel perspective to analytical chemists working with clinicians to select their sample preparation technique prior to Q-TOF LC/MS based untargeted metabolomic approaches.

scholarly journals Sample Preparation for Textile Nanofiber Composites

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Garcia ◽  
N. Fedorova ◽  
V. Knowlton ◽  
C. Oldham ◽  
B. Pourdeyhimi
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Structured Materials ◽  
Sample Preparation Technique ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Preparation Techniques

The increased emphasis on nano-structured materials is placing an ever increasing demand on sample preparation techniques to unveil such fine structure. Nano-structured fibers are even more difficult because of the ease with which these materials can smear even when prepared under liquid nitrogen (LN2) as shown (Figure 1). This is especially true for the islandin- the-sea structures where it is rather hard to reveal the island structures due to smearing. In the search for a possible solution, a sample preparation technique that has shown great results in other composite structures of different polymer blends was applied to these structures.

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