scholarly journals The diagnostic accuracy of acute phase proteins and proinflammatory cytokines in sheep with pneumonic pasteurellosis

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wael M. El-Deeb ◽  
Ahmed M. Elmoslemany
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Pneumonic Pasteurellosis ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Significant Difference

The goal of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of acute phase proteins and proinflammatory cytokines in sheep with pneumonic pasteurellosis. Blood samples were collected from 56 sheep (36 naturally infected withPasteurella multocidaand 20 healthy controls) belonging to one farm in Eastern region, Saudi Arabia. Serum samples were evaluated for acute phase proteins (Haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA) and fibrinogen (Fb)), and the proinflammatory cytokines (interleukins (IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-gamma (IFN-ϒ)). Additionally, nasopharyngeal swabs and bronchoalveolar lavages were collected from all animals for bacteriological examinations. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to assess the diagnostic performance of each parameter. All parameters showed moderate to high degree of positive correlation with case-control status. There was no significant difference in the area under the curve (AUC) among acute phase proteins; however, both Hp and SAA showed better sensitivity and specificity than Fb. The proinflammatory cytokines (IL1-α, IL1-β, and IL6) showed similar and highly accurate diagnostic performance (AUC> 0.9), whereas IFN-ϒ was moderately accurate (AUC= 0.79). In conclusion, this study confirms the value of acute phase proteins and cytokines as diagnostic biomarkers of naturally occuring pneumonic pasteurellosis in sheep.

scholarly journals Comparison of Inflammatory and Acute-Phase Responses in the Brain and Peripheral Organs of the ME7 Model of Prion Disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 5174-5184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colm Cunningham ◽  
David C. Wilcockson ◽  
Delphine Boche ◽  
V. Hugh Perry
Keyword(s):  
Prion Disease ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Complement C3 ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Cns Inflammation ◽  
Amyloid A

ABSTRACT Chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as prion disease and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are reported to be associated with microglial activation and increased brain and serum cytokines and acute-phase proteins (APPs). Unlike AD, prion disease is also associated with a peripheral component in that the presumed causative agent, PrPSc, also accumulates in the spleen and other lymphoreticular organs. It is unclear whether the reported systemic acute-phase response represents a systemic inflammatory response to prion disease or merely reflects central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. For this study, we investigated whether intracerebrally initiated prion disease (ME7 model) provokes splenic, hepatic, or brain inflammatory and acute-phase responses. We detected no significant elevation of proinflammatory cytokines or activation of macrophages in the spleens of these animals, despite clear PrPSc deposition. Similarly, at 19 weeks we detected no significant elevation of transcripts for the APPs serum amyloid A, complement C3, pentraxin 3, and α2-antiplasmin in the liver, despite CNS neurodegeneration and splenic PrPSc deposition at this time. However, despite the low CNS expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines, there was robust expression of these APPs in degenerating brains. These findings suggest that PrPSc is not a stimulus for splenic macrophages and that neither peripheral PrPSc deposition nor CNS neurodegeneration is sufficient to produce a systemic acute-phase response. We also propose that serum cytokine and APP measurements are not useful during preclinical disease. Possible consequences of the clear chronic elevation of APPs in the CNS are discussed.

scholarly journals Investigation of acute-phase proteins and cytokines response in goats with contagious caprine pleuropneumonia with special reference to their diagnostic accuracy

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10394
Author(s):  
Wael El-Deeb ◽  
Mahmoud Fayez ◽  
Ibrahim Elsohaby ◽  
Mohamed Salem ◽  
Abdulrhman Alhaider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia

Acute-phase proteins (APPs) have always had valued diagnostic potentialities in response to infection. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of selected APPs and proinflammatory cytokines (PIC) in goats with contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) under field conditions. Moreover, to highlight the role of tested biomarkers in CCPP pathogenesis. Fifty-eight goats (38 confirmed cases with CCPP and 20 healthy controls) were involved in this investigation. C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), haptoglobin (HP), fibrinogen (Fb), serum amyloid A (SAA), selected PIC (IL1-α, IL1-β, IL-6, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)) levels were investigated in serum samples from all goats under investigation. Latex agglutination test was used for diagnosis of goats with CCPP. For microbiological investigations, nasopharyngeal swabs (from all goats), lung tissues and pleural fluids (from only necropsied goats) were collected. This study revealed that all tested parameters have a high to moderate degree of diagnostic performance for CCPP. Magnitudes of increase in levels of APPs (CRP, HP and SAA) were stronger than PIC, IFN-γ, Fb and PCT. All tested parameters showed high diagnostic accuracy (AUROC >90%), except HP (AUROC = 87.3%) and IFN-γ (AUROC = 78.8%) showed moderate accuracy in differentiation of goats with and without CCPP infection. For detecting goats with and without CCPP infection, HP had the lowest sensitivity (Se = 81.6%) and Fb had the lowest specificity (Sp = 85.0%) among the APPs parameters tested. However, PCT showed the highest Se (100%) and Sp (95.0%) to detect goats with and without CCPP infection among tested parameters. Conclusively, this study endorses the significance of selected APPs and PIC as additional screening diagnostic parameters for naturally occurring CCPP in goats. However, it does not replace traditional methods for diagnosis of CCPP in goats. Furthermore, APPs and PIC have an important role in disease pathogenesis in goats.

scholarly journals The effect of staphylococcal mastitis including resistant strains on serum procalcitonin, neopterin, acute phase response and stress biomarkers in Holstein dairy cows

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11511
Author(s):  
Wael El-Deeb ◽  
Mahmoud Fayez ◽  
Naser Alhumam ◽  
Ibrahim Elsohaby ◽  
Sayed A. Quadri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

Staphylococcal mastitis (SM) is a frequent disease in the dairy cattle that is costly to treat. This study aimed to investigate the alterations in the levels of procalcitonin (PCT), neopterin (NPT), haptoglobin (HP), serum amyloid A (SAA), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, IF-γ) and oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers in Holstein dairy cows with SM under field conditions. In addition, we also evaluated the role of examined biomarkers in disease pathogenesis and their use as diagnostic biomarkers for the disease in dairy cows. Fifty-three dairy cows with SM, including those with infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (n = 42) and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (n = 11) were selected for this study. In addition, 20 healthy dairy cows were enrolled as a control group. Higher serum levels of PCT, NP, IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, IF-γ, HP and SAA and a state of OS was detected in SM group in comparison with the controls. Moreover, the levels of all examined biomarkers in mastitic cows with S. aureus when compared with those infected with MRSA was not significantly different. All examined biomarkers demonstrated a significant degree of discrimination between SM cows and healthy controls (the area under the curve (AUC) ranged from 83.6 for SAA to 100 for PCT). Our study showed that SM in dairy cows was associated with substantial changes in serum PCT, NPT, Acute phase proteins (APPs), proinflammatory cytokines, and OS levels. This study demonstrates that clinical examination in tandem with quantification of PCT, NPT, APPs and cytokines, OS biomarkers could be a useful assessment tool for SM in dairy cows.

scholarly journals Effects of selected nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on acute-phase protein levels after dehorning in Holstein heifers

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (05) ◽  
pp. 6265-2019
Author(s):  
HASAN ERDOGAN ◽  
IBRAHIM AKIN ◽  
KEREM URAL ◽  
PINAR ALKIM ULUTAS
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Flunixin Meglumine ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of ketoprofen (KTP), flunixin meglumine (FLM), and meloxicam (MLX) administration on acute-phase proteins after dehorning in Holstein heifers. A total of 21 Holstein heifers were enrolled into three groups of equal size (n=7) and administered ketoprofen, flunixin meglumine, or meloxicam, at doses of 2.2 mg/kg, 1.1 mg/kg, and 1 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, and ceruloplasmin levels were determined before the administration of the three drugs (0 hrs) and at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 hours post-administration. The mean values (±SD) obtained revealed no significant alteration in APP levels at 0 hrs in any of the three groups. Time-dependent alterations, however, were significant in all groups. Group-time interactions were significant (P < 0.001) for ceruloplasmin concentrations, whereas results for serum amyloid A and haptoglobin levels were deemed non-significant. Inter-group interaction revealed no significant findings regarding serum amyloid A and ceruloplasmin levels, but haptoglobin levels showed a significant difference between the KTP and FLM groups at 48 hrs. It may therefore be reasonably suggested that KTP, FLM, and MLX could all be administered to effect slight changes in acute phase proteins.

Serum amyloid A protein (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp) and selected hematological and biochemical parameters in wild mares before and after parturition

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Krakowski ◽  
P. Bartoszek ◽  
I. Krakowska ◽  
P. Olcha ◽  
T. Piech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters

Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate physiological changes in hematological and biochemical parameters in mares in perinatal period. Blood samples were collected from 24 pregnant Polish Konik breed mares which were divided into two groups. The first group (Group – I, n=12) comprised mares living in the wild, in the reserve. The second group (Group – II, n=12) consisted of mares kept in stables. The blood was collected 2 weeks prior to the parturition, then 24 hours after the delivery, and then at the 7th and 21st day after foaling. When comparing the two groups before the parturition, no significant differences in terms of WBC, RBC, and Hb were found, however, there was a significant difference in MCV, MCH, LYM, NEU and SEG NEU (p≤0.05). In Group II, 24 hours after the parturition and at the 21st day after foaling, a significant raise in WBC, NEU and SEG NEU (p≤0.05) was detected. No significant differences in serum concentrations of proteins such as TP, Alb or Glb were observed. As to acute phase proteins, significant rise in SAA and Hp (p≤0.05) was found in the two examined groups 24 hours after the parturition. Yet, this rise remained within physiological range. The study revealed a certain degree of fluctuations in hematological parameters, in serum concentrations of acute-phase proteins and total proteins in the mares in the perinatal period. However, these changes remained still within physiological ranges and thus they do not indicate potential susceptibility to disorders of perinatal period.

scholarly journals Comparison of host endothelial, epithelial and inflammatory response in ICU patients with and without COVID-19: a prospective observational cohort study

Critical Care ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavan K. Bhatraju ◽  
Eric D. Morrell ◽  
Leila Zelnick ◽  
Neha A. Sathe ◽  
Xin-Ya Chai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Epithelial Cell Injury

Abstract Background Analyses of blood biomarkers involved in the host response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral infection can reveal distinct biological pathways and inform development and testing of therapeutics for COVID-19. Our objective was to evaluate host endothelial, epithelial and inflammatory biomarkers in COVID-19. Methods We prospectively enrolled 171 ICU patients, including 78 (46%) patients positive and 93 (54%) negative for SARS-CoV-2 infection from April to September, 2020. We compared 22 plasma biomarkers in blood collected within 24 h and 3 days after ICU admission. Results In critically ill COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients, the most common ICU admission diagnoses were respiratory failure or pneumonia, followed by sepsis and other diagnoses. Similar proportions of patients in both groups received invasive mechanical ventilation at the time of study enrollment. COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients had similar rates of acute respiratory distress syndrome, severe acute kidney injury, and in-hospital mortality. While concentrations of interleukin 6 and 8 were not different between groups, markers of epithelial cell injury (soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products, sRAGE) and acute phase proteins (serum amyloid A, SAA) were significantly higher in COVID-19 compared to non-COVID-19, adjusting for demographics and APACHE III scores. In contrast, angiopoietin 2:1 (Ang-2:1 ratio) and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNFR-1), markers of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, were significantly lower in COVID-19 (p < 0.002). Ang-2:1 ratio and SAA were associated with mortality only in non-COVID-19 patients. Conclusions These studies demonstrate that, unlike other well-studied causes of critical illness, endothelial dysfunction may not be characteristic of severe COVID-19 early after ICU admission. Pathways resulting in elaboration of acute phase proteins and inducing epithelial cell injury may be promising targets for therapeutics in COVID-19.

scholarly journals Effects of Stocking and Transport Conditions on Physicochemical Properties of Meat and Acute-Phase Proteins in Cattle

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Abubakar ◽  
Idrus Zulkifli ◽  
Yong M. Goh ◽  
Ubedullah Kaka ◽  
Azad B. Sabow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Water Holding

This study’s objective was to evaluate the effects of distance and stocking density on physicochemical properties and oxidative stability of meat and acute-phase proteins in Brahman crossbred cattle transported by road under hot and humid tropical conditions. Sixty Brahman crossbred heifers were subjected to road transport from a cattle feedlot farm located in Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, to a commercial ruminant abattoir in Shah Alam, Selangor. Animals were assigned to long and short distances and high, medium, and low stocking densities. The results revealed that the intensity of response significantly increased in meat samples from animals subjected to long-distance transportation and higher stocking density. Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein and serum amyloid-A values increased considerably and were different from the baseline values recorded at preload. In conclusion, the current results revealed that the color, pH, shear force values, water holding capacity (WHC), glycogen level, and malondilaldehyde assay (MDA) concentrations in meat and acute-phase proteins (APP) were affected by both distances and stocking densities, as evidenced by the significant changes recorded from the parameters above.

Endotoxemia and hepatic injury in a rodent model of hindlimb unloading

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 1656-1663 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Rivera ◽  
M. H. Tcharmtchi ◽  
L. Mendoza ◽  
C. W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Hindlimb Unloading ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Systemic Blood ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Organ Systems

Hindlimb unloading (HU) is known to induce physiological alterations in various organ systems that mimic some responses observed after exposure to microgravity. In the present study, the effects of up to 4 wk of HU on the liver were assessed in male Wistar rats and two mouse strains: endotoxin-sensitive C57BL/6 mice and endotoxin-resistant C3H/HEJ mice. Plasma levels of endotoxin, a known stimulator of hepatic injury, were measured in portal and systemic blood samples. Endotoxin was elevated by ∼50% in portal blood samples of mice and rats but was not detectable in systemic blood. This low-grade portal endotoxemia was associated with hepatic injury in rats and C57BL/6 mice as indicated by inflammation and elevated serum transaminase activities. Blood levels of the cytokine TNF-α were increased by ∼50% in C57BL/6 mice; no significant elevation of this cytokine was detected in rats. Messenger RNA levels of the acute-phase proteins serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, and lipopolysaccharide binding protein were significantly enhanced after 3 wk of HU in endotoxin-sensitive rodents. In contrast, no histological changes or significant increases in serum enzyme activity were detected after HU in C3H/HEJ mice despite portal endotoxin levels of 222 ± 83.4 pg/ml. At the 3-wk time point, expression of acute-phase proteins was not elevated in C3H/HEJ mice; however, expression after 4 wk of HU was similar to endotoxin-sensitive rodents. In conclusion, these findings indicate that HU induced mild portal endotoxemia, which contributed to the observed hepatic injury in endotoxin-sensitive rodents.

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