scholarly journals Effects of selected nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on acute-phase protein levels after dehorning in Holstein heifers

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (05) ◽  
pp. 6265-2019
Author(s):  
HASAN ERDOGAN ◽  
IBRAHIM AKIN ◽  
KEREM URAL ◽  
PINAR ALKIM ULUTAS
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Flunixin Meglumine ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of ketoprofen (KTP), flunixin meglumine (FLM), and meloxicam (MLX) administration on acute-phase proteins after dehorning in Holstein heifers. A total of 21 Holstein heifers were enrolled into three groups of equal size (n=7) and administered ketoprofen, flunixin meglumine, or meloxicam, at doses of 2.2 mg/kg, 1.1 mg/kg, and 1 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, and ceruloplasmin levels were determined before the administration of the three drugs (0 hrs) and at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 hours post-administration. The mean values (±SD) obtained revealed no significant alteration in APP levels at 0 hrs in any of the three groups. Time-dependent alterations, however, were significant in all groups. Group-time interactions were significant (P < 0.001) for ceruloplasmin concentrations, whereas results for serum amyloid A and haptoglobin levels were deemed non-significant. Inter-group interaction revealed no significant findings regarding serum amyloid A and ceruloplasmin levels, but haptoglobin levels showed a significant difference between the KTP and FLM groups at 48 hrs. It may therefore be reasonably suggested that KTP, FLM, and MLX could all be administered to effect slight changes in acute phase proteins.

Acute Phase Proteins (Haptoglobin and Serum Amyloid A) and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines (IL-12 and IL-10) in Cows Vaccinated with Prototype Killed S. aureus Mastitis Vaccine and Challenged with S. aureus Mastitis Infection.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idris Umar Hambali ◽  
Faez Firdaus Jesse Bin Abdallah ◽  
Khaleequl rahaman Bhuttu ◽  
Azmi M Lila ◽  
zunita Zakaria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Bacterial Challenge ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group B ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Friesian Cows

Abstract Background The economic downturn experienced by farmers and the fear of milk borne infection are of a greater public health concern. Haptoglobin, Serum Amyloid A, IL-12 and IL-10 in lactating Friesian cows vaccinated with prototype killed S. aureus mastitis vaccine and challenged with S. aureus were evaluated. Bacterin concentration at 10 8 cfu /ml of the local isolate of S. aureus was adjuvanted with KAl(SO₄)₂. Six lactating Friesian cows were grouped into A= Negative control, B = Positive control and C = vaccine group. Group C was vaccinated intramuscularly with 2ml of the monovalent vaccine, groups A and B with physiologic normal saline. Groups B and C were later challenged with the live bacterium via intramammary route . Result There was a significant increase in IL-10 concentration in vaccinated group post primary vaccination (PPV), booster phase (PB) and during the bacterial challenge phase. There was also a significantly increased IL-12 concentration in the vaccinated group at 24 hours, weeks 1 and 2 PPV. Haptoglobin at 12 and 24 hours PPV had a significant difference in group C. During the PB at 8 and 12 hours there was a significant difference in group C. During the bacterial challenged phase at 0, 3, 24 hours and day 7 PC there was a significant difference in group B. At 8 hours PC there was a significant difference in group C. For Serum Amyloid A, during PPV at 0, 3, 8, 12, 24 hours and weeks 1 and 2, the concentrations was significantly different in groups C. During PB at 0, 3, 8 and 12 hours PB there was a significant difference in groups C. During the bacterial challenge phase at 3, 8, 12, 24 hours, days 7 and 14 PC there was a significant difference in group B. At 0 hour PC there was a significant increase observed in group C. Conclusion The developed prototype killed S. aureus mastitis vaccine using local isolates was able to stimulate acute phase proteins and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The pattern of responses PC indicated protection, thereby suggesting that vaccination can protect against mastitis infection in dairy cows.

The acute phase response and C-reactive protein

2020 ◽  
pp. 2199-2207
Author(s):  
Mark B. Pepys
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Serum Amyloid A Protein

The acute phase response—trauma, tissue necrosis, infection, inflammation, and malignant neoplasia induce a complex series of nonspecific systemic, physiological, and metabolic responses including fever, leucocytosis, catabolism of muscle proteins, greatly increased de novo synthesis and secretion of a number of ‘acute phase’ plasma proteins, and decreased synthesis of albumin, transthyretin, and high- and low-density lipoproteins. The altered plasma protein concentration profile is called the acute phase response. Acute phase proteins—these are mostly synthesized by hepatocytes, in which transcription is controlled by cytokines including interleukin 1, interleukin 6, and tumour necrosis factor. The circulating concentrations of complement proteins and clotting factors increase by up to 50 to 100%; some of the proteinase inhibitors and α‎1-acid glycoprotein can increase three- to fivefold; but C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A protein (an apolipoprotein of high-density lipoprotein particles) are unique in that their concentrations can change by more than 1000-fold. C-reactive protein—this consists of five identical, nonglycosylated, noncovalently associated polypeptide subunits. It binds to autologous and extrinsic materials which contain phosphocholine, including bacteria and their products. Ligand-bound CRP activates the classical complement pathway and triggers the inflammatory and opsonizing activities of the complement system, thereby contributing to innate host resistance to pneumococci and probably to recognition and safe ‘scavenging’ of cellular debris. Clinical features—(1) determination of CRP in serum or plasma is the most useful marker of the acute phase response in most inflammatory and tissue damaging conditions. (2) Acute phase proteins may be harmful in some circumstances. Sustained increased production of serum amyloid A protein can lead to the deposition of AA-type, reactive systemic amyloid.

scholarly journals Two major ruminant acute phase proteins, haptoglobin and serum amyloid A, as serum biomarkers during active sheep scab infestation

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Wells ◽  
Giles T Innocent ◽  
Peter D Eckersall ◽  
Eilidh McCulloch ◽  
Alasdair J Nisbet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Serum Biomarkers ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Sheep Scab ◽  
Amyloid A

Haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in milk and serum during acute and chronic experimentally induced Staphylococcus aureus mastitis

2003 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrika Grönlund ◽  
Cecilia Hultén ◽  
Peter D. Eckersall ◽  
Caroline Hogarth ◽  
Karin Persson Waller
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Local and systemic changes in the acute phase proteins, haptoglobin and serum amyloid A (SAA), were studied in six dairy cows during the acute and chronic phases of experimentally induced Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. Haptoglobin and SAA were measured in serum, and in milk from infected and healthy control udder quarters within each cow. Concentrations of haptoglobin and SAA increased rapidly in both serum and milk during the acute phase of mastitis and followed a similar pattern. Significantly raised milk concentrations of SAA were also found during chronic subclinical mastitis. Serum concentrations of SAA also tended to be higher during the chronic phase than pre-infection. Increases in milk haptoglobin and SAA were specific for the infected udder quarters. In conclusion, measurement of SAA in milk samples could be a useful tool in diagnosing mastitis.

scholarly journals Acute Phase Proteins and Variables of Protein Metabolism in Dairy Cows during the Pre- and Postpartal Period

2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cs. Tóthová ◽  
O. Nagy ◽  
H. Seidel ◽  
J. Konvičná ◽  
Z. Farkašová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Amyloid A

The objective of the present study was to compare the concentrations of acute phase proteins and selected variables of protein metabolism in dairy cows of the Slovak Spotted breed from 4 weeks before parturition to 10 weeks after parturition. Acute phase proteins - haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA) - and variables of protein metabolism - total proteins, albumin, urea, creatinine, total immunoglobulins - were evaluated in blood serum. Significant differences were found in average values of the Hp and SAA concentrations in several groups during the monitored period (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). The Hp and SAA concentrations in cows during the early postparturient period were significantly higher compared with the later postparturient period. Throughout the monitored time we found differences in mean values of total proteins (P < 0.001), urea (P < 0.001), and total immunoglobulins (P < 0.05). The concentrations of albumin decreased progressively in the postparturient period until 4 weeks after parturition. In the assessment of correlations between the monitored variables in the mentioned period we found significant correlations between Hp and SAA (r = 0.916; P < 0.001), total proteins and urea (r = 0.668; P < 0.05), total proteins and total immunoglobulins (r = 0.827; P < 0.01), and between total immunoglobulins and urea (r = 0.899; P < 0.001). The above mentioned results indicate that in the time around parturition there are significant changes in concentrations of acute phase proteins, as well as in the whole protein metabolism of dairy cows. These facts suggest that the postparturient period is a critical biological phase, throughout which there is the highest incidence of metabolic disorders.

Blood constituents of free-ranging eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jai M. Green-Barber ◽  
Oselyne T. W. Ong ◽  
Anusha Kanuri ◽  
Hayley J. Stannard ◽  
Julie M. Old
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Free Ranging

Baseline haematology, blood chemistry and acute phase protein parameters have not previously been published for free-ranging eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus). Eight eastern grey kangaroos, including three adult males, three adult females and two subadult males from two different populations, were examined. Assays assessed the antibacterial activity of kangaroo serum against one Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacteria. The kangaroo serum had a strong antibacterial response to Klebsiella pneumoniae, and moderate responses to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The presence and level of acute phase proteins, haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in kangaroos was investigated. Haptoglobin and serum amyloid A were present in kangaroo serum, but only haptoglobin was elevated in a kangaroo with capture myopathy and necrotic wounds. The findings of this study provide preliminary data on health parameters of free-ranging eastern grey kangaroos. These parameters can be used to assist in assessing health in free-ranging populations.

Abstract 388: Impact of Individual Acute Phase Serum Amyloid A Isoforms on HDL Metabolism in Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria C De Beer ◽  
Myung-Hee Kim ◽  
Joanne M Wroblewski ◽  
Richard C Charnigo ◽  
Ailing Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Plasma Clearance ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Acute Phase Reactant ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Clearance Rates ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Significant Difference

The acute phase reactant serum amyloid A (SAA) is an HDL apolipoprotein that exhibits biological activities as a pro-inflammatory mediator, but its physiological function(s) are poorly understood. Possible functional differences between SAA1.1 and SAA2.1, the two major SAA isoforms, are also unclear. Mice deficient in either SAA1.1 or SAA2.1 were used to investigate SAA isoform plasma clearance rates and effects on HDL structure, composition and apolipoprotein catabolism. The absence of either isoform did not affect the size of the normally enlarged HDL found in acute phase wild type mice, and did not result in significant changes in HDL lipid composition. Plasma clearance rates of normal and acute phase HDL apolipoproteins were determined using native HDL particles. The fractional clearance rates (FCR’s) of apoA-I, apoA-II and SAA were distinct, indicating that neither normal nor acute phase particles are cleared as intact particles. No significant difference was found between the FCR’s of SAA1.1 and SAA2.1 in acute phase mice, suggesting that the selective deposition of SAA1.1 observed in amyloid plaques is not associated with a difference in the rates of plasma clearance of the isoforms. In the absence of the HDL receptor SR-BI, the clearance rate of SAA was reduced by about 30% and remained significantly greater compared to that of apoA-I and apoA-II, indicating a relatively minor role of SR-BI in SAA clearance. These studies contribute to our understanding of the metabolism of SAA and its effects on acute phase HDL composition and catabolism.

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