scholarly journals The effect of staphylococcal mastitis including resistant strains on serum procalcitonin, neopterin, acute phase response and stress biomarkers in Holstein dairy cows

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11511
Author(s):  
Wael El-Deeb ◽  
Mahmoud Fayez ◽  
Naser Alhumam ◽  
Ibrahim Elsohaby ◽  
Sayed A. Quadri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

Staphylococcal mastitis (SM) is a frequent disease in the dairy cattle that is costly to treat. This study aimed to investigate the alterations in the levels of procalcitonin (PCT), neopterin (NPT), haptoglobin (HP), serum amyloid A (SAA), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, IF-γ) and oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers in Holstein dairy cows with SM under field conditions. In addition, we also evaluated the role of examined biomarkers in disease pathogenesis and their use as diagnostic biomarkers for the disease in dairy cows. Fifty-three dairy cows with SM, including those with infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (n = 42) and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (n = 11) were selected for this study. In addition, 20 healthy dairy cows were enrolled as a control group. Higher serum levels of PCT, NP, IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, IF-γ, HP and SAA and a state of OS was detected in SM group in comparison with the controls. Moreover, the levels of all examined biomarkers in mastitic cows with S. aureus when compared with those infected with MRSA was not significantly different. All examined biomarkers demonstrated a significant degree of discrimination between SM cows and healthy controls (the area under the curve (AUC) ranged from 83.6 for SAA to 100 for PCT). Our study showed that SM in dairy cows was associated with substantial changes in serum PCT, NPT, Acute phase proteins (APPs), proinflammatory cytokines, and OS levels. This study demonstrates that clinical examination in tandem with quantification of PCT, NPT, APPs and cytokines, OS biomarkers could be a useful assessment tool for SM in dairy cows.

scholarly journals Assessment of Acute-Phase Protein Response Associated with the Different Pathological Forms of Bovine Paratuberculosis

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1925
Author(s):  
José Espinosa ◽  
Rubén de la Morena ◽  
Julio Benavides ◽  
Carlos García-Pariente ◽  
Miguel Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response ◽  
Protein Response ◽  
Antibody Levels

In this study, the concentrations of two acute-phase proteins (APPs), haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA), were quantitatively assessed in serum samples from cattle naturally infected with paratuberculosis (PTB). APP profiles were compared across 190 animals classified according to the different pathological forms associated with infection: uninfected (n = 59), with focal lesions (n = 73), multifocal lesions (n = 19), and diffuse paucibacillary (n = 11) and diffuse multibacillary lesions (n = 28). Our results showed a significant increase in both APPs in infected animals compared to the control group, with differences depending on the type of lesion. Hp and SAA levels were increased significantly in all infected animals, except in cows with diffuse multibacillary lesions that showed similar values to non-infected animals. The expression pattern of both APPs was similar and negatively correlated with the antibody levels against PTB. These results indicate that the release of Hp and SAA is related to the presence of PTB lesions associated with a high cell-mediated immune response and a lower bacterial load, suggesting that the pro-inflammatory cytokines that are associated with these forms are the main stimulus for their synthesis. These molecules could show some potential to be used as putative biomarkers of PTB infection, particularly for the identification of subclinical animals showing pathological forms related to latency or resistance to the development of advanced lesions.

scholarly journals The diagnostic accuracy of acute phase proteins and proinflammatory cytokines in sheep with pneumonic pasteurellosis

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wael M. El-Deeb ◽  
Ahmed M. Elmoslemany
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Pneumonic Pasteurellosis ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Significant Difference

The goal of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of acute phase proteins and proinflammatory cytokines in sheep with pneumonic pasteurellosis. Blood samples were collected from 56 sheep (36 naturally infected withPasteurella multocidaand 20 healthy controls) belonging to one farm in Eastern region, Saudi Arabia. Serum samples were evaluated for acute phase proteins (Haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA) and fibrinogen (Fb)), and the proinflammatory cytokines (interleukins (IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-gamma (IFN-ϒ)). Additionally, nasopharyngeal swabs and bronchoalveolar lavages were collected from all animals for bacteriological examinations. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to assess the diagnostic performance of each parameter. All parameters showed moderate to high degree of positive correlation with case-control status. There was no significant difference in the area under the curve (AUC) among acute phase proteins; however, both Hp and SAA showed better sensitivity and specificity than Fb. The proinflammatory cytokines (IL1-α, IL1-β, and IL6) showed similar and highly accurate diagnostic performance (AUC> 0.9), whereas IFN-ϒ was moderately accurate (AUC= 0.79). In conclusion, this study confirms the value of acute phase proteins and cytokines as diagnostic biomarkers of naturally occuring pneumonic pasteurellosis in sheep.

scholarly journals Acute Phase Proteins and Variables of Protein Metabolism in Dairy Cows during the Pre- and Postpartal Period

2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cs. Tóthová ◽  
O. Nagy ◽  
H. Seidel ◽  
J. Konvičná ◽  
Z. Farkašová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Amyloid A

The objective of the present study was to compare the concentrations of acute phase proteins and selected variables of protein metabolism in dairy cows of the Slovak Spotted breed from 4 weeks before parturition to 10 weeks after parturition. Acute phase proteins - haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA) - and variables of protein metabolism - total proteins, albumin, urea, creatinine, total immunoglobulins - were evaluated in blood serum. Significant differences were found in average values of the Hp and SAA concentrations in several groups during the monitored period (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). The Hp and SAA concentrations in cows during the early postparturient period were significantly higher compared with the later postparturient period. Throughout the monitored time we found differences in mean values of total proteins (P < 0.001), urea (P < 0.001), and total immunoglobulins (P < 0.05). The concentrations of albumin decreased progressively in the postparturient period until 4 weeks after parturition. In the assessment of correlations between the monitored variables in the mentioned period we found significant correlations between Hp and SAA (r = 0.916; P < 0.001), total proteins and urea (r = 0.668; P < 0.05), total proteins and total immunoglobulins (r = 0.827; P < 0.01), and between total immunoglobulins and urea (r = 0.899; P < 0.001). The above mentioned results indicate that in the time around parturition there are significant changes in concentrations of acute phase proteins, as well as in the whole protein metabolism of dairy cows. These facts suggest that the postparturient period is a critical biological phase, throughout which there is the highest incidence of metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals Comparison of Inflammatory and Acute-Phase Responses in the Brain and Peripheral Organs of the ME7 Model of Prion Disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 5174-5184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colm Cunningham ◽  
David C. Wilcockson ◽  
Delphine Boche ◽  
V. Hugh Perry
Keyword(s):  
Prion Disease ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Complement C3 ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Cns Inflammation ◽  
Amyloid A

ABSTRACT Chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as prion disease and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are reported to be associated with microglial activation and increased brain and serum cytokines and acute-phase proteins (APPs). Unlike AD, prion disease is also associated with a peripheral component in that the presumed causative agent, PrPSc, also accumulates in the spleen and other lymphoreticular organs. It is unclear whether the reported systemic acute-phase response represents a systemic inflammatory response to prion disease or merely reflects central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. For this study, we investigated whether intracerebrally initiated prion disease (ME7 model) provokes splenic, hepatic, or brain inflammatory and acute-phase responses. We detected no significant elevation of proinflammatory cytokines or activation of macrophages in the spleens of these animals, despite clear PrPSc deposition. Similarly, at 19 weeks we detected no significant elevation of transcripts for the APPs serum amyloid A, complement C3, pentraxin 3, and α2-antiplasmin in the liver, despite CNS neurodegeneration and splenic PrPSc deposition at this time. However, despite the low CNS expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines, there was robust expression of these APPs in degenerating brains. These findings suggest that PrPSc is not a stimulus for splenic macrophages and that neither peripheral PrPSc deposition nor CNS neurodegeneration is sufficient to produce a systemic acute-phase response. We also propose that serum cytokine and APP measurements are not useful during preclinical disease. Possible consequences of the clear chronic elevation of APPs in the CNS are discussed.

scholarly journals Correlations between acute phase proteins and the body condition score

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-344
Author(s):  
Mária Vargová ◽  
Rudolf Hromada ◽  
Katarína Veszelits Laktičová ◽  
Terézia Pošiváková ◽  
Juraj Benculák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
The Body ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Condition Score

The objective of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of the body condition score, acute phase proteins (serum amyloid A and haptoglobin) and their relationships in dairy cows of the Slovak Pied Cattle from 3 weeks before parturition to 9 weeks after parturition. Significant differences were found in the means of serum amyloid A (P < 0.01). Haptoglobin concentrations increased from 172.0 ± 0.05 µg/ml to 173.0 ± 0.13 µg/ ml at week 3 and week 1 before the parturition, respectively. The highest value of haptoglobin was recorded in cows 3 week post partum. Cows during the early postparturient period had significantly higher serum amyloid A concentrations compared to cows in the prepartal period (P < 0.01). Significantly higher body condition score values were observed in dry cows (from 4.42 ± 0.20 to 4.25 ± 0.15 points) than in cows after parturition (from 3.90 ± 0.12 to 3.25 ± 0.08 points) (P < 0.001). In the assessment of correlations between the selected acute phase proteins significant positive correlation was found (r = 0.213, P < 0.05). Moreover, negative correlations were found between the body condition score and acute phase proteins. Our results show a strong relationship between the decrease of the body condition score and the increase of acute phase proteins in dairy cows around parturition which indicates the process of a certain form of non-specific inflammation at loss of body fat.

scholarly journals The role of alpha-2-macroglobulin in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and system lupus erythematosus

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
V. N. Zorina ◽  
I. G. Kozlov ◽  
R. M. Zorina ◽  
N. A. Trofimenko ◽  
T. S. Chirikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Significant Difference

We investigated serum levels of alpha-2-macroglobulin (α2—MG) and some of its complexes, namely α2-MG-plasmin (α2-MG— Pl) and α2-MG—IgG at a rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 2—3 degrees of activity (65 patients), a system lupus erythematosus (SLE) of 2-3 degrees of activity (30 patients) and 55 healthy donors as a control group. It is shown, that at SLE the total level of α2-MG is invariable, and at RA — decreases significantly in comparison with the healthy. The concentration of complexes was raised at pathology, but at RA this rising was expressed much more strongly, than at SLE. At studying of correlations of levels of α2-MG, α2-MG—Pl and α2-MG— IgG among themselves and with some several cytokines and acute phase proteins, it is shown, that there is some significant difference between normal and pathological correlative relations and allows us to suspect that at SLE, the α2-MG and its complexes participate in a pathogenesis, and at RA α2-MG becomes the major immunogenesis factor and the significant reason of disease progression.

scholarly journals Hydrolyzed Yeast Supplementation in Calf Starter Promotes Innate Immune Responses in Holstein Calves under Weaning Stress Condition

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1468
Author(s):  
Eun Tae Kim ◽  
Hyo Gun Lee ◽  
Dong Hyeon Kim ◽  
Jun Kyu Son ◽  
Byeong-Woo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Control Calf ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Factor Α

Weaned calves are susceptible to infectious diseases because of the stress and malnutrition that occurs during weaning. Therefore, the dairy industry requires effective feed additives to ameliorate stress responses and promote immunity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of hydrolyzed yeast (HY) supplementation on the growth performance, immune and stress parameters, and health status of calves after weaning. Eighteen Holstein calves were randomly assigned to two groups, either receiving a control calf starter or 0.2% HY calf starter from one week of age. All calves were weaned at six weeks of age as a stress challenge. The HY-fed calves had a significantly-higher body weight gain during the post-weaning period (kg/week) compared to the control. Cortisol levels at three days post-weaning (DPW) were significantly lower in the HY group than the control group. Calves fed HY had significantly-higher serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β at one DPW. The HY-fed calves also had higher concentrations of the acute-phase proteins, haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, and transferrin at one DPW. In addition, the diarrhea severity in HY-fed calves was milder after weaning compared to the control group. Our results indicate that HY supplementation reduces stress responses and may promote innate immunity in newly-weaned calves.

scholarly journals Acute Phase Proteins and their Relation to Energy Metabolites in Dairy Cows during the Pre- and Postpartal Period

2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Kováč ◽  
Csilla Tóthová ◽  
Oskar Nagy ◽  
Herbert Seidel ◽  
Jana Konvičná
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Reproduction Cycle ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids

The objective of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of selected acute phase proteins – haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA), and selected variables of energy metabolism in blood serum of dairy cows during different stages of the pre- and postpartal period. The analyses were performed in dairy cows of the Slovak spotted breed and its crossbreeds (n = 57). The cows were divided into 9 groups according to the evaluated part of reproduction cycle – from 4 weeks before parturition to 10 weeks after parturition. Significant differences were found in mean Hp and SAA concentrations during the monitored period (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). Cows during the early postparturient period had significantly higher Hp and SAA concentrations compared to cows in later postparturient period (P < 0.05). Significant differences throughout the period under study was found also in means of total cholesterol (P < 0.01), triglycerides (P < 0.001), and non-esterified fatty acids (P < 0.001). Concentrations of Hp during this period were positively correlated with SAA (R = 0.919; P < 0.001). Moreover, significant correlations were found between Hp and non-esterified fatty acids, Hp and β-hydroxybutyrate, as well as between SAA and non-esterified fatty acids. Our results indicate that the acute phase response occurs in cows around parturition, and suggest that there are relationships between mediators of immune response and several indices of energy metabolism. Our results also suggest that in cows with higher concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids, indicating a certain degree of lipid mobilisation, higher values of acute phase proteins may be found.

scholarly journals Acute phase proteins and biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in Hypoderma spp. infested cattle

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. MERHAN ◽  
K. BOZUKLUHAN ◽  
H. I. GOKCE
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The aim of the present study was to determine concentrations of acute phase proteins (APP), oxidative stress and some biochemical parameters in naturally infested cattle with Hypoderma spp. For this purpose, 10 clinically healthy cattle as controls and 25 Brown Swiss cattle with Hypoderma spp. were used. Blood samples were collectedto tubes from jugular vein. Parts of blood samples were stored without any process as a whole blood. The serum was separated from the remaining blood samples. The reduced glutathione (GSH) in whole blood and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), haptoglobin (Hp), ceruloplasmin, serum amyloid A (SAA), AST, GGT, ALP, CK, albumin, urea and total protein levels in serum were colorimetrically determined. The present study indicated that the concentrations of Hp, SAA, ceruloplasmin, AST, GGT, ALP, CK, and MDA were significantly increased, and albumin, total protein, GSH concentrations were significantly decreased in the Hypoderma spp. infested group compared to the control group. Additionally, the increase in serum Hp levels was proportional to the number of Hypoderma spp. and it was statistically significant. In conclusion, the production of APP increased in a response to acute phase response in animals with subcutaneous warbles. Furthermore, liver functions were also shown to be impaired and oxidative stress developed as a result of metabolic products of the parasite in Hypoderma spp. infested cattle.

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