scholarly journals Impaired emotion recognition is linked to alexithymia in heroin addicts

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Craparo ◽  
Alessio Gori ◽  
Stefano Dell’Aera ◽  
Giulia Costanzo ◽  
Silvia Fasciano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Emotion Detection ◽  
Heroin Addicts ◽  
Recognition Of Facial Expressions ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
Affective Deficits

Several investigations document altered emotion processing in opiate addiction. Nevertheless, the origin of this phenomenon remains unclear. Here we examined the role of alexithymia in the ability (i.e., number of errors—accuracyand reaction times—RTs) of thirty-one heroin addicts and thirty-one healthy controls to detect several affective expressions. Results show generally lower accuracy and higher RTs in the recognition of facial expressions of emotions for patients, compared to controls. The hierarchical multivariate regression analysis shows that alexithymia might be responsible of the between groups difference with respect to the RTs in emotion detection. Overall, we provide new insights in the clinical interpretation of affective deficits in heroin addicts suggesting a role of alexithymia in their ability to recognize emotions.

Relation of Fatigue with Alexithymia and Depression in Psychiatric Outpatients

2007 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 539-545
Author(s):  
Thomas N. Wise ◽  
Michael J. Sheridan
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Psychiatric Outpatients ◽  
The Mean

The complaint of fatigue is common in community, primary care, and psychiatric settings. Fatigue is often associated with depression and psychosocial stress. This report investigated the role of alexithymia and depression in fatigue as reported in a sample of 151 psychiatric outpatients (75 men and 76 women) who completed all scales. The mean age of the sample was 45.5 yr. ( SD = 12.5), and mean education was 16.2 yr. ( SD = 2.4). Fatigue was inversely correlated with education (–.16) and positively correlated with depression (.44), anxiety (.30), and alexithymia (.35). However, in a multivariate regression analysis, only depression and alexithymia remained significant ( p ≤ .01).

scholarly journals Thyroid hormones modulate irisin concentrations in patients with recently onset hypothyroidism following total thyroidectomy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bocale ◽  
A. Barini ◽  
A. D‘Amore ◽  
M. Boscherin ◽  
S. Necozione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Total Thyroidectomy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Levothyroxine Replacement ◽  
Circulating Levels

Abstract Purpose Irisin is a newly discovered adipo-myokine known for having significant effects on body metabolism. Currently, there is a discussion regarding the relation between thyroid function and irisin concentration. This study was designed to evaluate the influential role of levothyroxine replacement therapy on circulating levels of irisin in patients with recently onset hypothyroidism following total thyroidectomy. Methods Circulating levels of thyroid hormones, irisin and other metabolic parameters, were assessed in 40 recently thyroidectomized patients (34 females, mean age 50.1 ± 15.2 years) at baseline (5–7 day after surgery) and after 2 months under replacement therapy with levothyroxine. Results At baseline, circulating levels of thyroid hormones were indicative of hypothyroidism (TSH 12.7 ± 5.0 μU/mL, FT3 1.9 ± 0.7 pg/mL, FT4 8.7 ± 3.6 pg/mL). Mean serum irisin concentrations significantly increased after 2 months under replacement therapy with levothyroxine (from 2.2 ± 0.6 to 2.9 ± 0.6 μg/mL, p < 0.0001). Variations of circulating levels of irisin under levothyroxine replacement therapy were directly correlated with those of FT3 (Rho = 0.454, p = 0.0033) and FT4 (Rho = 0.451, p = 0.0035). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that changes in thyroid hormones concentrations explained up to 10% of the variations of serum irisin levels under levothyroxine replacement therapy (FT3 R2 = 0.098, FT4 R2 = 0.103). Conclusion Our study suggests that levothyroxine replacement therapy mildly influences irisin metabolism in patients with recently onset hypothyroidism following total thyroidectomy.

scholarly journals Student Prize-Winning Abstracts 2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-77
Author(s):  
Sharpley Hsieh ◽  
Olivier Piguet ◽  
John R. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotion Detection ◽  
Recognition Of Facial Expressions ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
The Neural Networks ◽  
Emotional Dimensions ◽  
Recognition Of Emotions ◽  
Valence And Arousal

AbstractIntroduction: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a progressive neurode-generative brain disease characterised clinically by abnormalities in behaviour, cognition and language. Two subgroups, behavioural-variant FTD (bvFTD) and semantic dementia (SD), also show impaired emotion recognition particularly for negative emotions. This deficit has been demonstrated using visual stimuli such as facial expressions. Whether recognition of emotions conveyed through other modalities — for example, music — is also impaired has not been investigated. Methods: Patients with bvFTD, SD and Alzheimer's disease (AD), as well as healthy age-matched controls, labeled tunes according to the emotion conveyed (happy, sad, peaceful or scary). In addition, each tune was also rated along two orthogonal emotional dimensions: valence (pleasant/unpleasant) and arousal (stimulating/relaxing). Participants also undertook a facial emotion recognition test and other cognitive tests. Integrity of basic music detection (tone, tempo) was also examined. Results: Patient groups were matched for disease severity. Overall, patients did not differ from controls with regard to basic music processing or for the recognition of facial expressions. Ratings of valence and arousal were similar across groups. In contrast, SD patients were selectively impaired at recognising music conveying negative emotions (sad and scary). Patients with bvFTD did not differ from controls. Conclusion: Recognition of emotions in music appears to be selectively affected in some FTD subgroups more than others, a disturbance of emotion detection which appears to be modality specific. This finding suggests dissociation in the neural networks necessary for the processing of emotions depending on modality.

Role of Biological-Motion Information in Recognition of Facial Expressions by Young Children

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p5673 ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1399-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Doi ◽  
Akemi Kato ◽  
Ai Hashimoto ◽  
Nobuo Masataka
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Biological Motion ◽  
Motion Information ◽  
Recognition Of Facial Expressions

scholarly journals Lymphopenic community acquired pneumonia, an unnoticed phenotype associated to mortality in non immuno-suppressed patients: a retrospective cohort study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus F Bermejo-Martin ◽  
Catia Cilloniz ◽  
Raul Mendez ◽  
Raquel Almansa ◽  
Albert Gabarrus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Immunological Phenotype ◽  
Hospital Clinic

AbstractBackgroundThe role of neutrophil and lymphocyte counts as predictors of prognosis in Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) has not been appropriately studied.MethodsThis was a retrospective study to evaluate by multivariate regression analysis, the association between neutrophil and lymphocyte counts with mortality at 30-days post discharge in two large cohorts of hospitalized patients with CAP and no prior immunosupression: a multicentric with 1550 patients recruited at 14 hospitals in Spain and a unicentric with 2840 patients recruited at the Hospital Clinic-Barcelona.FindingsThe unicentric cohort accounted with a higher proportion of critically ill patients: 586 (20·6%) vs 131 (8·5%) and non survivors 245 (8·6%) vs 74 (4·8%). Lymphopenia (< 1000 lymphocytes/mm3) was present in the 52·8% of the patients in both cohorts. A sub-group of lymphopenic patients, those with lymphocyte counts below decil 3 (677 lymphocytes/mm3 in the multicentric cohort and 651 lymphocytes/mm3 in the unicentric one), showed > 2-fold increase in the risk of mortality, independently of the CURB-65 score, critical illness and receiving an appropriated antibiotic treatment: (OR [CI95%], p) (2·18 [1·21- 3·92], 0·009) and (2·33 [1·61-3·33], <0·001) respectively. Neutrophil counts were not associated with mortality risk.InterpretationLymphopenia is present in a half of the patients with CAP needing of hospitalization, in absence of antecendents of immunosupression. Lymphopenic CAP with lymphocyte counts < 664 lymphocytes/mm3 constitutes a particular immunological phenotype of the disease which is associated to an increased risk of mortality.FundingCibeRes, 2009 Support to Research Groups of Catalonia 911, IDIBAPS, SEPAR, SVN

Is Sclerostin Level Associated with Cardiovascular Diseases in Hemodialysis Patients?

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gokce Kundakci Gelir ◽  
Sule Sengul ◽  
Gokhan Nergizoglu ◽  
Sehsuvar Ertürk ◽  
Neval Duman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Sclerostin Level ◽  
Statin Use

Background/Aims: The objective of this study is to evaluate the relation between sclerostin, arterial stiffness, and cardiovascular events (CVE) in hemodialysis patients (HD). Methods: Sclerostin level and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) in 97 HD patients and sclerostin level in 40 controls were measured. Results: Sclerostin level was significantly higher in patients than in controls. Sclerostin associated positively with age, male gender, cardiovascular disease, statin use, BMI, and PWV while negatively with alkaline phosphatase, parathormone (PTH), Kt/V, cinacalcet and vitamin D use in univariable correlation analyses. Sclerostin associated positively with male gender and statin use but negatively with PTH in multivariate regression analyses. During observation, 30 fatal or nonfatal CVEs were observed. While univariate correlation analysis showed a positive association between PWV and sclerostin, there was no relation between the two in multivariate regression analysis. Conclusion: Further studies are needed to understand the role of sclerostin in predicting PWV changes in HD patients.

scholarly journals Efficient recognition of facial expressions does not require motor simulation

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Vannuscorps ◽  
Michael Andres ◽  
Alfonso Caramazza
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Facial Expression Recognition ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Motor Simulation ◽  
Recognition Of Facial Expressions ◽  
Motor Representations ◽  
Efficient Recognition

What mechanisms underlie facial expression recognition? A popular hypothesis holds that efficient facial expression recognition cannot be achieved by visual analysis alone but additionally requires a mechanism of motor simulation — an unconscious, covert imitation of the observed facial postures and movements. Here, we first discuss why this hypothesis does not necessarily follow from extant empirical evidence. Next, we report experimental evidence against the central premise of this view: we demonstrate that individuals can achieve normotypical efficient facial expression recognition despite a congenital absence of relevant facial motor representations and, therefore, unaided by motor simulation. This underscores the need to reconsider the role of motor simulation in facial expression recognition.

scholarly journals A study on mean platelet volume in ischemic cerebrovascular stroke

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitan Patel ◽  
Mahendra Parmar ◽  
Kinjal Shah ◽  
Rishikesh Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Mean Platelet Volume ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
P Value ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cerebrovascular Stroke

Background: Ischemic Cerebrovascular stroke is one of the largest cause of death and disability. It is usually caused by thrombosis or thromboembolic phenomena. Large platelets are more reactive, produce more prothrombotic factors and aggregate more easily, and can be a major risk factor/indicator for stroke. While the Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) has been studied in detail in cases of IHD, very few studies have been done in stroke, and none in India – prompting this study. We aim to determine whether an association exists between MPV and incidence/severity of stroke.Methods: The study was carried out among fifty patients with an acute ischemic stroke. Clinical severity was assessed using Modified Rankin‘s scale. MPV was measured using an automated analyzer. Fifty controls were recruited and analysed.Results: MPV has got a statistically significant correlation with Ischemic stroke with a p value of < 0.0001. Average MPV in cases was 9.78+1.25 fl vs. controls who average 8.30+1.14 fl. We did not find a statistically significant correlation between clinical severity of stroke and MPV (P = 0.550).Conclusions: This study has shown an elevation of MPV in acute phase of Ischemic stroke. Within this relationship and adjusting for other significant variables in multivariate regression analysis, it can be stated that an increase in MPV is independently associated with stroke. Further research is required into the role of platelet volume in stroke pathology, outcome, and, most importantly, in individuals at risk for stroke. 

Facial and Bodily Emotion Recognition in Multiple Sclerosis: The Role of Alexithymia and Other Characteristics of the Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1004-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinzia Cecchetto ◽  
Marilena Aiello ◽  
Delia D’Amico ◽  
Daniela Cutuli ◽  
Daniela Cargnelutti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Facial Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Facial Emotions ◽  
Recognition Of Facial Expressions

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) may be associated with impaired perception of facial emotions. However, emotion recognition mediated by bodily postures has never been examined in these patients. Moreover, several studies have suggested a relation between emotion recognition impairments and alexithymia. This is in line with the idea that the ability to recognize emotions requires the individuals to be able to understand their own emotions. Despite a deficit in emotion recognition has been observed in MS patients, the association between impaired emotion recognition and alexithymia has received little attention. The aim of this study was, first, to investigate MS patient’s abilities to recognize emotions mediated by both facial and bodily expressions and, second, to examine whether any observed deficits in emotions recognition could be explained by the presence of alexithymia. Thirty patients with MS and 30 healthy matched controls performed experimental tasks assessing emotion discrimination and recognition of facial expressions and bodily postures. Moreover, they completed questionnaires evaluating alexithymia, depression, and fatigue. First, facial emotion recognition and, to a lesser extent, bodily emotion recognition can be impaired in MS patients. In particular, patients with higher disability showed an impairment in emotion recognition compared with patients with lower disability and controls. Second, their deficit in emotion recognition was not predicted by alexithymia. Instead, the disease’s characteristics and the performance on some cognitive tasks significantly correlated with emotion recognition. Impaired facial emotion recognition is a cognitive signature of MS that is not dependent on alexithymia. (JINS, 2014, 19, 1–11)

scholarly journals The effect of accounting conservatism and earn-ings management on earnings quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Mohammad Delkhosh ◽  
Mohammad Sadeghi
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Earnings Quality ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Accounting Conservatism ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Earning Quality

The net income has been always one of the important issues that had always been a favorite among financial statement's user, and the quality and management of it have always been the focus of attention of investors and creditors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of conservatism and earning management in earning quality. For this purpose, the Givoly and Hayn (2000) index were used as conservative measurement criteria and the modified Jones model (1995) was used as a measure of earning's management measurement, and the Dechow and Dichev (2002) index were used as a measure of the quality of earning (earnings sustainability) of the company. The statistical population of this study is 123 companies that listed on Tehran Stock Exchange between 2009 and 2014. For testing the research hypothesis a multivariate regression analysis was used. The results of the research indicate a significant negative (invert) relation between accounting conservatism and earning's management on the quality of earnings.

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