scholarly journals Assessment of Acute-Phase Protein Response Associated with the Different Pathological Forms of Bovine Paratuberculosis

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1925
Author(s):  
José Espinosa ◽  
Rubén de la Morena ◽  
Julio Benavides ◽  
Carlos García-Pariente ◽  
Miguel Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response ◽  
Protein Response ◽  
Antibody Levels

In this study, the concentrations of two acute-phase proteins (APPs), haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA), were quantitatively assessed in serum samples from cattle naturally infected with paratuberculosis (PTB). APP profiles were compared across 190 animals classified according to the different pathological forms associated with infection: uninfected (n = 59), with focal lesions (n = 73), multifocal lesions (n = 19), and diffuse paucibacillary (n = 11) and diffuse multibacillary lesions (n = 28). Our results showed a significant increase in both APPs in infected animals compared to the control group, with differences depending on the type of lesion. Hp and SAA levels were increased significantly in all infected animals, except in cows with diffuse multibacillary lesions that showed similar values to non-infected animals. The expression pattern of both APPs was similar and negatively correlated with the antibody levels against PTB. These results indicate that the release of Hp and SAA is related to the presence of PTB lesions associated with a high cell-mediated immune response and a lower bacterial load, suggesting that the pro-inflammatory cytokines that are associated with these forms are the main stimulus for their synthesis. These molecules could show some potential to be used as putative biomarkers of PTB infection, particularly for the identification of subclinical animals showing pathological forms related to latency or resistance to the development of advanced lesions.

scholarly journals Impact of radioiodine treatment on acute phase proteins in hyperthyroid cats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2110249
Author(s):  
Katharina Glück ◽  
Sabrina Mohrs ◽  
Katarina Hazuchova ◽  
Natali Bauer ◽  
Reto Neiger
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Neoplastic Disease ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Radioiodine Treatment ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
The Impact

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of radioiodine treatment (RIT) on the acute phase proteins (APPs) serum amyloid A (SAA), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and haptoglobin (Hp) in hyperthyroid cats. Methods Between June 2013 and November 2014, 33 hyperthyroid cats without clinical or laboratory signs of inflammatory or neoplastic disease and a body weight >2.5 kg were enrolled. Immediately before, and 12, 36, 72 h and 6 days after RIT, serum samples were obtained for determination of APP concentrations. Results Both SAA and AGP concentrations changed significantly after RIT. The concentration of AGP increased gradually after treatment with a maximum concentration at the end of the study period (median baseline 398 μg/ml; median 6 days post-RIT 562 μg/ml [ P = 0.001]). A relevant >two-fold increase in AGP was seen in 8/33 (24%) cats. SAA concentration increased significantly within 12 h (baseline 9.2 μg/ml; 12 h post-RIT 22.5 μg/ml [ P = 0.012]). In 7/33 (21%) cats, a clinically relevant >10-fold increase in SAA was observed. Hp concentration showed no significant change ( P = 0.12). Conclusions and relevance RIT induced a mild, mainly not clinically relevant acute phase reaction (APR). AGP and SAA were useful APPs to determine RIT-induced APR.

scholarly journals Investigation of acute-phase proteins and cytokines response in goats with contagious caprine pleuropneumonia with special reference to their diagnostic accuracy

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10394
Author(s):  
Wael El-Deeb ◽  
Mahmoud Fayez ◽  
Ibrahim Elsohaby ◽  
Mohamed Salem ◽  
Abdulrhman Alhaider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia

Acute-phase proteins (APPs) have always had valued diagnostic potentialities in response to infection. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of selected APPs and proinflammatory cytokines (PIC) in goats with contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) under field conditions. Moreover, to highlight the role of tested biomarkers in CCPP pathogenesis. Fifty-eight goats (38 confirmed cases with CCPP and 20 healthy controls) were involved in this investigation. C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), haptoglobin (HP), fibrinogen (Fb), serum amyloid A (SAA), selected PIC (IL1-α, IL1-β, IL-6, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)) levels were investigated in serum samples from all goats under investigation. Latex agglutination test was used for diagnosis of goats with CCPP. For microbiological investigations, nasopharyngeal swabs (from all goats), lung tissues and pleural fluids (from only necropsied goats) were collected. This study revealed that all tested parameters have a high to moderate degree of diagnostic performance for CCPP. Magnitudes of increase in levels of APPs (CRP, HP and SAA) were stronger than PIC, IFN-γ, Fb and PCT. All tested parameters showed high diagnostic accuracy (AUROC >90%), except HP (AUROC = 87.3%) and IFN-γ (AUROC = 78.8%) showed moderate accuracy in differentiation of goats with and without CCPP infection. For detecting goats with and without CCPP infection, HP had the lowest sensitivity (Se = 81.6%) and Fb had the lowest specificity (Sp = 85.0%) among the APPs parameters tested. However, PCT showed the highest Se (100%) and Sp (95.0%) to detect goats with and without CCPP infection among tested parameters. Conclusively, this study endorses the significance of selected APPs and PIC as additional screening diagnostic parameters for naturally occurring CCPP in goats. However, it does not replace traditional methods for diagnosis of CCPP in goats. Furthermore, APPs and PIC have an important role in disease pathogenesis in goats.

scholarly journals The effect of staphylococcal mastitis including resistant strains on serum procalcitonin, neopterin, acute phase response and stress biomarkers in Holstein dairy cows

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11511
Author(s):  
Wael El-Deeb ◽  
Mahmoud Fayez ◽  
Naser Alhumam ◽  
Ibrahim Elsohaby ◽  
Sayed A. Quadri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

Staphylococcal mastitis (SM) is a frequent disease in the dairy cattle that is costly to treat. This study aimed to investigate the alterations in the levels of procalcitonin (PCT), neopterin (NPT), haptoglobin (HP), serum amyloid A (SAA), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, IF-γ) and oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers in Holstein dairy cows with SM under field conditions. In addition, we also evaluated the role of examined biomarkers in disease pathogenesis and their use as diagnostic biomarkers for the disease in dairy cows. Fifty-three dairy cows with SM, including those with infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (n = 42) and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (n = 11) were selected for this study. In addition, 20 healthy dairy cows were enrolled as a control group. Higher serum levels of PCT, NP, IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, IF-γ, HP and SAA and a state of OS was detected in SM group in comparison with the controls. Moreover, the levels of all examined biomarkers in mastitic cows with S. aureus when compared with those infected with MRSA was not significantly different. All examined biomarkers demonstrated a significant degree of discrimination between SM cows and healthy controls (the area under the curve (AUC) ranged from 83.6 for SAA to 100 for PCT). Our study showed that SM in dairy cows was associated with substantial changes in serum PCT, NPT, Acute phase proteins (APPs), proinflammatory cytokines, and OS levels. This study demonstrates that clinical examination in tandem with quantification of PCT, NPT, APPs and cytokines, OS biomarkers could be a useful assessment tool for SM in dairy cows.

scholarly journals Acute phase proteins and biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in Hypoderma spp. infested cattle

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. MERHAN ◽  
K. BOZUKLUHAN ◽  
H. I. GOKCE
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The aim of the present study was to determine concentrations of acute phase proteins (APP), oxidative stress and some biochemical parameters in naturally infested cattle with Hypoderma spp. For this purpose, 10 clinically healthy cattle as controls and 25 Brown Swiss cattle with Hypoderma spp. were used. Blood samples were collectedto tubes from jugular vein. Parts of blood samples were stored without any process as a whole blood. The serum was separated from the remaining blood samples. The reduced glutathione (GSH) in whole blood and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), haptoglobin (Hp), ceruloplasmin, serum amyloid A (SAA), AST, GGT, ALP, CK, albumin, urea and total protein levels in serum were colorimetrically determined. The present study indicated that the concentrations of Hp, SAA, ceruloplasmin, AST, GGT, ALP, CK, and MDA were significantly increased, and albumin, total protein, GSH concentrations were significantly decreased in the Hypoderma spp. infested group compared to the control group. Additionally, the increase in serum Hp levels was proportional to the number of Hypoderma spp. and it was statistically significant. In conclusion, the production of APP increased in a response to acute phase response in animals with subcutaneous warbles. Furthermore, liver functions were also shown to be impaired and oxidative stress developed as a result of metabolic products of the parasite in Hypoderma spp. infested cattle.

scholarly journals Correlation Between Serum Acute Phase Proteins, Lung Pathology, and Disease Severity in Pigs Experimentally Co-Infected with H3N2 Swine Influenza Virus and Bordetella Bronchiseptica

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Pomorska-Mól ◽  
Iwona Markowska-Daniel ◽  
Krzysztof Kwit ◽  
Kinga Urbaniak ◽  
Zygmunt Pejsak
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Clinical Score ◽  
Bordetella Bronchiseptica ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Amyloid A

Abstract The kinetics of C-reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), and pig major acute protein (Pig-MAP) response in pigs co-infected with H3N2 swine influenza virus (SwH3N2) and Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bbr) was studied, with assessment of potential correlations between the concentration of acute phase proteins (APPs) in serum samples, lung lesions, and the clinical course of the disease in co-infected pigs. The standard bacteriological methods for detection of Bbr and PCR technique for identification of Bbr and SwH3N2 were used. The serum concentrations of APPs were measured using ELISA. The concentration of CRP, SAA, and Pig-MAP was significantly higher from 2 to 4 or 5 dpi. The concentration of Hp was elevated until the end of the study. Significant correlations were found between the serum concentration of SAA and Pig-MAP and clinical score, and between the concentration of SAA and lung score. Apart from their potential as biological markers for co-infections, SAA and Pig-MAP levels have additive value since they are related to the severity of infection. The results indicate that measurement of APP (i.e SAA) may prove valuable in assessing the severity of respiratory infection in pigs, and may be of supportive value in the clinical evaluation of animals and in the selection of more appropriate treatment.

scholarly journals Acute Phase Proteins – As Indicators of Claw Diseases in Dairy Cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Ksenija Ilievska ◽  
Branko Atanasov ◽  
Toni Dovenski ◽  
Ozren Smolac ◽  
Boris Stojanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
White Line ◽  
Line Separation ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe serum concentration of certain acute phase proteins significantly increases during various pathological conditions in cattle. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of claw disorders etiology on the concentrations of two major acute phase proteins in dairy cattle: haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid protein A (SAA). Fifty dairy cows with claw pathology were included. Fourteen clinically healthy heifers served as controls. The animals were subdivided in 5 groups according to the pathological findings on their claws: 1. Heel horn erosion (HE), 2. Acute laminitis (AL), 3. Sole ulcer (SU), 4. Digital dermatitis (DD) and 5. White line separation (WLS). Hp and SAA concentrations were measured in serum samples using commercial ELISA kits. Higher concentrations of both Hp and SAA were found in the AL and SU groups (p<0.01) compared to the HE, DD and WLS and control groups. Dairy cows in the DD group had higher (p<0.05) Hp and SAA concentrations than the HE and WLS groups and the controls. The serum values between the HE, WLS and the control group did not differ significantly. The presented results indicate that the claw diseases are associated with a systemic acute phase response. Hp and SAA could be used as valuable biomarkers for early detection of claw diseases in dairy cows.

scholarly journals Saponin-based Mycoplasma bovis vaccine containing lysozyme dimer adjuvant stimulates acute phase response in calves

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-273
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Dudek ◽  
Dariusz Bednarek
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
And Control

AbstractIntroductionMycoplasma bovisis known as a causative agent of many disorders in cattle. In Europe, there is still a lack of commercial vaccines againstM. bovisinfection. Acute phase response (APR) is a non-specific host reaction to infection, most seen in changes in production of acute phase proteins. The aim of this study was to analyse APR in calves administered with an experimentalM. bovisvaccine.Material and MethodsTwelve healthy female calves were divided into two equal groups: experimental and control. The experimental vaccine containing the fieldM. bovisstrain and two adjuvants such as saponin and lysozyme dimer was subcutaneously administered to the experimental group. Phosphate buffered saline was taken as the placebo and given to the control group by the same route as the vaccine. Blood samples were collected prior to the study (day 0), then daily up to day 7, and then each seven days until day 84 post vaccination. The concentrations of serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and inteleukin-4 (IL-4) were determined using commercial ELISA kits.ResultsFollowing the vaccination, a significant increase in SAA, Hp, and IFN-γ concentrations was observed when compared to the unvaccinated calves, whereas the IL-4 concentration was not detectable.ConclusionThe experimental saponin-basedM. bovisvaccine containing lysozyme dimer adjuvant visibly stimulated the APR in the calves, and some specific cytokines (Th1-dependent) directly involved in this response.

scholarly journals Comparison of host endothelial, epithelial and inflammatory response in ICU patients with and without COVID-19: a prospective observational cohort study

Critical Care ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavan K. Bhatraju ◽  
Eric D. Morrell ◽  
Leila Zelnick ◽  
Neha A. Sathe ◽  
Xin-Ya Chai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Epithelial Cell Injury

Abstract Background Analyses of blood biomarkers involved in the host response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral infection can reveal distinct biological pathways and inform development and testing of therapeutics for COVID-19. Our objective was to evaluate host endothelial, epithelial and inflammatory biomarkers in COVID-19. Methods We prospectively enrolled 171 ICU patients, including 78 (46%) patients positive and 93 (54%) negative for SARS-CoV-2 infection from April to September, 2020. We compared 22 plasma biomarkers in blood collected within 24 h and 3 days after ICU admission. Results In critically ill COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients, the most common ICU admission diagnoses were respiratory failure or pneumonia, followed by sepsis and other diagnoses. Similar proportions of patients in both groups received invasive mechanical ventilation at the time of study enrollment. COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients had similar rates of acute respiratory distress syndrome, severe acute kidney injury, and in-hospital mortality. While concentrations of interleukin 6 and 8 were not different between groups, markers of epithelial cell injury (soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products, sRAGE) and acute phase proteins (serum amyloid A, SAA) were significantly higher in COVID-19 compared to non-COVID-19, adjusting for demographics and APACHE III scores. In contrast, angiopoietin 2:1 (Ang-2:1 ratio) and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNFR-1), markers of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, were significantly lower in COVID-19 (p < 0.002). Ang-2:1 ratio and SAA were associated with mortality only in non-COVID-19 patients. Conclusions These studies demonstrate that, unlike other well-studied causes of critical illness, endothelial dysfunction may not be characteristic of severe COVID-19 early after ICU admission. Pathways resulting in elaboration of acute phase proteins and inducing epithelial cell injury may be promising targets for therapeutics in COVID-19.

scholarly journals Effects of Stocking and Transport Conditions on Physicochemical Properties of Meat and Acute-Phase Proteins in Cattle

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Abubakar ◽  
Idrus Zulkifli ◽  
Yong M. Goh ◽  
Ubedullah Kaka ◽  
Azad B. Sabow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Water Holding

This study’s objective was to evaluate the effects of distance and stocking density on physicochemical properties and oxidative stability of meat and acute-phase proteins in Brahman crossbred cattle transported by road under hot and humid tropical conditions. Sixty Brahman crossbred heifers were subjected to road transport from a cattle feedlot farm located in Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, to a commercial ruminant abattoir in Shah Alam, Selangor. Animals were assigned to long and short distances and high, medium, and low stocking densities. The results revealed that the intensity of response significantly increased in meat samples from animals subjected to long-distance transportation and higher stocking density. Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein and serum amyloid-A values increased considerably and were different from the baseline values recorded at preload. In conclusion, the current results revealed that the color, pH, shear force values, water holding capacity (WHC), glycogen level, and malondilaldehyde assay (MDA) concentrations in meat and acute-phase proteins (APP) were affected by both distances and stocking densities, as evidenced by the significant changes recorded from the parameters above.

Endotoxemia and hepatic injury in a rodent model of hindlimb unloading

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 1656-1663 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Rivera ◽  
M. H. Tcharmtchi ◽  
L. Mendoza ◽  
C. W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Hindlimb Unloading ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Systemic Blood ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Organ Systems

Hindlimb unloading (HU) is known to induce physiological alterations in various organ systems that mimic some responses observed after exposure to microgravity. In the present study, the effects of up to 4 wk of HU on the liver were assessed in male Wistar rats and two mouse strains: endotoxin-sensitive C57BL/6 mice and endotoxin-resistant C3H/HEJ mice. Plasma levels of endotoxin, a known stimulator of hepatic injury, were measured in portal and systemic blood samples. Endotoxin was elevated by ∼50% in portal blood samples of mice and rats but was not detectable in systemic blood. This low-grade portal endotoxemia was associated with hepatic injury in rats and C57BL/6 mice as indicated by inflammation and elevated serum transaminase activities. Blood levels of the cytokine TNF-α were increased by ∼50% in C57BL/6 mice; no significant elevation of this cytokine was detected in rats. Messenger RNA levels of the acute-phase proteins serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, and lipopolysaccharide binding protein were significantly enhanced after 3 wk of HU in endotoxin-sensitive rodents. In contrast, no histological changes or significant increases in serum enzyme activity were detected after HU in C3H/HEJ mice despite portal endotoxin levels of 222 ± 83.4 pg/ml. At the 3-wk time point, expression of acute-phase proteins was not elevated in C3H/HEJ mice; however, expression after 4 wk of HU was similar to endotoxin-sensitive rodents. In conclusion, these findings indicate that HU induced mild portal endotoxemia, which contributed to the observed hepatic injury in endotoxin-sensitive rodents.

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