scholarly journals On the quality of Svalbard reindeer pasture in the summer and autumn

Rangifer ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Staaland
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Svalbard Reindeer ◽  
Protein Fiber ◽  
Pasture Plants

<p>Late summer and autumn reindeer pasture plants from Adventdalen, Svalbard were analyzed for contents of fatty acids, energy content, protein, fibre, ether extract as well as content of macro minerals. Food intake of grazing reindeer in Adventdalen was estimated from fecal production. Large intake of high quality food seems to account for the growth and fattening of Svalbard reindeer during summer.</p><p>Om kvaliteten p&aring; reinbeite av reinbeite p&aring; Svalbard sommer og h&oslash;st.</p><p>Abstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag: Innholdet av fettsyrer, energi, protein, fiber, eterekstrakt og makromineraler ble analysert i reinbeiteplanter fra Adventdalen p&aring; Svalbard. Plantene ble samlet p&aring; ettersommeren. Forinntaket hos beitende rein i Adventdalen ble estimert ut fra fecesproduksjonen. Et stort inntak av for med h&oslash;y kvalitet synes &aring; kunne forklare vekst og fettlagring hos Svalbard-reinen om sommeren.</p><p>Huippuvuorten poronlaidunten laadusta kesalla ja syksylla.</p><p>Abstract in Finnish / Yhteenveto: Rasvahappojen, energian, fiiberin, eetteriuutteen ja makromineraalien sisaltoa analysoitiin poronlaidunkasveissa Huippuvuorten Adventtilaaksosta. Kasvit kerattiin loppukesalla. Adventtilaaksossa laiduntavien porojen rehun kulunki arvioitiin lannan maarasta. Korkealaatuisen rehun suuri kulutus nayttaa vovan selittaa Huippuvuorten porojen kasvun ja rasvakerrostuman kesalla.</p>

Pathogen-induced anorexia: a herbivore strategy or an unavoidable consequence of infection?

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilias Kyriazakis
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Infected Animal ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

A reduction in voluntary food intake is a common feature of infection with pathogens and is frequently referred to as pathogen-induced anorexia. Anorexia has been previously viewed either as an unavoidable consequence of infection or as an animal strategy that enables them to cope with the consequences of infection. Both approaches lead to certain expectations as far as the characteristics of anorexia are concerned. By linking anorexia to host immune response one should be able to make predictions about when and for how long anorexia would occur. By appreciating what an infected animal is trying to achieve through its feeding behaviour, one would be able to make predictions about the extent of anorexia on different quality foods. The thesis of the paper is that these approaches should no longer be viewed as mutually exclusive, but, by combining them, one should be able to make pathogen-induced anorexia more predictable. This is done in the development of a model that aims to predict the food intake of grazing sheep exposed to an abomasal parasite. The predictions of the model are consistent with the features and consequences of parasite-induced anorexia of sheep given access to moderate and high quality foods. However, there is a degree of uncertainty about the validity of predictions made by the model on anorexia seen on poor quality foods of low energy content. This is not a deficiency of the model developed but can be attributed to the lack of appropriate experiments against which model predictions can be tested.

The fermentable metabolisable energy in grass silage

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 141-141
Author(s):  
A T Chamberlaina ◽  
K Seyoum ◽  
D Chapman ◽  
C Piotrowski
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
The Uk

The UK metabolisable protein system (AFRC, 1992) requires the measurement of fermentable metabolisable energy (FME) to determine the potential yield of microbial crude protein in the rumen. FME is defined as:The objective of this work was to measure the ME , ether extract and volatile fatty acid components of first cut grass silages to assess the range of FME and non-fermentable fractions and hence the range of fermentabilities (FME:ME).Eighty-four clamp grass silages, predominantly first-cut rye grass, were analysed for modified acid detergent fibre (MADF), individual volatile fatty acids, oil (ether extract) and oven dry matter. ME was predicted from the MADF after correction for oven dry matter. The gross energy of the lactic, acetic, propanoic, butyric and valeric acid were taken to be 15.2, 14.6, 20.8, 24.9, and 28.0 MJ/kg DM, and for the Ether Extract fraction of grass 38.5 MJ/kg DM. The energy content of the volatile fatty acids in the silage were summed and FME was calculated as described above. The fermentability of the silage was the expressed as the proportion of FME to ME.

scholarly journals Dietary Fat and Energy Content of Steeped, Germinated and Unprocessed Maize Grains Meant For Complementary Feeding In Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Ilesanmi Adeyeye ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Total Energy Density ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Lipid Quality ◽  
Maize Sample ◽  
High Level

Household technologies such as fermentation, soaking, roasting and malting are traditionally used in many societies with the assumption that they can contribute to improving the safety and quality of complementary foods. To observe the dietary lipid quality, unprocessed, steeped and germinated maize grains were used to evaluate their effect on the enhancement of fatty acids, phospholipids and phytosterols. Maize samples were denoted as B1 (unprocessed) B2 (sprouted) and B3 (steeped) maize. In crude fat, B2 was enhanced by 0.47g/100g (9.23%). Calculated fatty acids had values (g/100g) of:B1(3.66)<B2(4.00)> B3(3.63). Highest levels of these fatty acids were observed as follows: SFA(B2, 27.2%), MUFA(B1,34.7%) and PUFA(B1,47.0%); but B3 was more concentrated in MUFA and PUFA than B2 but less than B1.Both oleic and linoleic fatty acids slightly increased during steeping stage of malting but later declined during germination phase particularly oleic acid. Total energy density (kcal/100g) concentration in the samples with the percentage linoleic acid had these values: B1(32.9, 43.7%), B2(36.0, 37.2%) and B3(32.7, 41.9%). Total phytosterol (mg/100g) values were low: B1(52.3), B2(43.7) and B3(45.1) with sitosterol predominating in all: 33.5 > 28.8 < 29.6 respectively. In phospholipids, values were generally higher than the phytosterols as we have total values (mg/100g) of: B1(74.4); B2(71.3) and B3(62.0) with phosphatidylinositol predominating in all samples: 25.5 > 25.1 > 22.4 respectively. Raw maize sample had highest concentration of phospholipids, phytosterols, MUFA and PUFA. The declines in B2 and B3 in the above parameters suggested that lipids were used for biochemical processes. However, B3 was better concentrated than B2 in phytosterols, MUFA, PUFA, linoleic and oleic acids. This showed germination reduced fat content due to hydrolysis and utilization of fat as an energy source in germination. Observations had depicted the contribution of maize to presence of high level phosphatidylinositol and sitosterol to the infant. It also contributed to information on discrepancies on the effect of fermentation/ germination on cereal lipids in literature. Either steeped or sprouted maize is good as complementary food.

scholarly journals Studies of the food intake of sheep at a single meal

1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Ternouth ◽  
A. W. Beattie
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Single Meal

1. Experiments are described in which the food intake and the water intake of sheep at a single meal were measured. The sheep were offered lucerne chaff ad lib. for 2 h only each day.2. Following the peritoneal infusion of physiological saline the food intake increased, while the injection of a diuretic before feeding caused the food intake to be decreased.3. In eight experiments the osmolality of the ruminal liquor was increased by the addition to the rumen of NaCl, KCl or the salts of volatile fatty acids in 250 ml water. The decrease in food intake was related to the osmolality, but not to the energy content, of the added electrolyte solution. In a further experiment, sheep receiving a highly digestible lucerne chaff, containing 1% (w/w) NaCl, increased their food intake when water was added to the rumen. Other workers have concluded that gastric osmolality is an important variable in the control of food intake in monogastric animals. The results of the eight experiments now described suggest that ruminal osmolality is of similar importance in ruminants.4. It is suggested that all these observations are consistent with the theory, which has been proposed for non-ruminant animals, that the food intake at a single meal may be related to the degree of tissue hydration at the beginning of the meal.

Physicochemical Characterizes of Argan Oil (Argania spinosa L.) Affected by Roasting and Pulping by Goats

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Argania Spinosa ◽  
Argan Oil ◽  
Mechanical Pressing ◽  
Method Of Extraction

Present study investigates the influence of roasting and pulping by goats on the quality of argan oil (Argania spinosa L.). To carry out this work, 4 different samples selected by their method of extraction (by mechanical pressing from argan fruits pulped by goats). The study of the physicochemical characteristics of the 4 samples shows that the roasting of the almonds of the argan fruit and the pulping by the goat appear as a parameter can increase the value of the peroxide index and the acidity. It’s also found that pulping by goats can decrease the value of fatty acids (linoleic C18: 2) and the percentage of triglycerides (LLL, LOO and OOO) in argan oil. The result of sterols clearly shows that roasting is reduced the total sterols. The study of the concentration of benzo-α-pyrene suggests that roasting does not produce significant amounts of benzo-α-pyrene. Also, present findings shows that roasting and pulping by goats appears as a parameter influencing the acid value of argan oil. In fact, the acidity value is higher in the argan oil samples prepared from roasted almonds and pulped by goats. Finally, the present study indicated that the high quality of argan oil can be extracted by mechanical pressing and which is not pulped by goats and, therefore, current results may support the marketing of the oil argan.

Influence of technology parameters of free-cutting steel continuous casting on the billet internal structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
A. T. Kunakbaeva ◽  
A. M. Stolyarov ◽  
M. V. Potapova
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Continuous Casting ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Cutting Steel ◽  
Continuously Cast

Free-cutting steel gains specific working properties thanks to the high content of sulfur and phosphorus. These elements, especially sulfur, have a rather high tendency to segregation. Therefore, segregation defects in free-cutting steel continuously cast billets can be significantly developed. The aim of the work was to study the influence of the chemical composition of freecutting steel and casting technological parameters on the quality of the macrostructure of continuously cast billets. A metallographic assessment of the internal structure of cast metal made of free-cutting steel and data processing by application of correlation and regression analysis were the research methods. The array of production data of 43 heats of free-cutting steel of grade A12 was studied. Steel casting on a five-strand radial type continuous casting machine was carried out by various methods of metal pouring from tundish into the molds. Metal of 19 heats was poured with an open stream, and 24 heats – by a closed stream through submerged nozzles with a vertical hole. High-quality billets had a cross-sectional size of 150×150 mm. The macrostructure of high-quality square billets made of free-cutting steel of A12 grade is characterized by the presence of central porosity, axial segregation and peripheral point contamination, the degree of development of which was in the range from 1.5 to 2.0 points, segregation cracks and strips – about 1.0 points. In the course of casting with an open stream, almost all of these defects are more developed comparing with the casting by a closed stream. As a result of correlation and regression analysis, linear dependences of the development degree of segregation cracks and strips both axial and angular on the sulfur content in steel and on the ratio of manganese content to sulfur content were established. The degree of these defects development increases with growing of sulfur content in steel of A12 grade. These defects had especially strong development when sulfur content in steel was of more than 0.10%. To improve the quality of cast metal, it is necessary to have the ratio of the manganese content to the sulfur content in the metal more than eight.

Experience of clinical testing of personal telemedicine system ‘Obereg’ for remote monitoring of patients in intensive care units

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Eryomenko ◽  
N. V. Rostunova ◽  
S. A. Budagyan ◽  
V. V. Stets
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Clinical Testing ◽  
Transportation Of Patients ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Telemedicine System ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Hospital Equipment

The experience of clinical testing of the personal telemedicine system ‘Obereg’ for remote monitoring of patients at the intensive care units of leading Russian clinics is described. The high quality of communication with the remote receiving devices of doctors, the accuracy of measurements, resistance to interference from various hospital equipment and the absence of its own impact on such equipment were confirmed. There are significant advantages compared to stationary patient monitors, in particular, for intra and out-of-hospital transportation of patients.

METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF VISUALIZATION OF CORONARY ARTERIES WITH TRANSTHORACIC ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

2018 ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Z. A. Agaeva ◽  
K. B. Baghdasaryan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Coronary Blood Flow ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Transthoracic Echocardiography ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Anatomic Reconstruction ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Acoustic Window ◽  
Methodological Aspects

The transthoracic echocardiography made by multifrequency probes with support of the mode of the second harmonic imaging, is a competitive method for visualization of the main coronary arteries and allows to estimate coronary blood flow with high quality. Of course, the method has considerable restrictions, most important of which is the low spatial resolution of a method, due to small acoustic window. Because of this the transthoracic visualization of coronary arteries perhaps will not become the leading method of anatomic reconstruction of separately taken coronary artery and especially all coronary arteries system. However uniqueness and indisputable advantage of this method is an opportunity to noninvasively estimate a coronary blood flow both once, and in dynamics.

Estimates on poverty in Russia and the additional measures to reduce it at the regional level

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Sadykov
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Social Standard ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sociological Studies

Subject. This article deals with the issues of social justice and a high quality of life, creating favorable economic and social conditions. Objectives. The article aims to assess the rate and changes in poverty in Russia and the Republic of Bashkortostan and develop complementary measures to reduce it. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of logical, comparative, economic and statistical analyses, the results of sociological studies, and official statistics. Results. The article highlights additional measures to reduce poverty in the region, including the establishment of a minimum social standard of living in each particular region that determines the poverty rate. Conclusions. Various factors, such as economic sanctions, economic slowdowns, territorial and regional imbalances, lead to living standards decline and poverty rise.

SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF POSTGRADUATE TRAINING FOR OFFICER WORKING ETHNIC AFFAIRS USING STATE BUDGET IN THE PERIOD OF 2018 – 2025

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
La Duc Minh ◽  
Nguyen Thi Hao ◽  
Vu Thi Thuy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Postgraduate Training ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
National Defense ◽  
High Quality ◽  
State Budget ◽  
International Integration

Ethnic affairs play an important role in socio of ethnic groups’ solidarity, assurance of security and national defense stability. In -economic development, maintenanceorder to improve the quality of ethnic affairs, it is practical to carry out postgraduate training of officer implementing ethnic affairs using state budget with the aim of encouraging and enhancing officer quality to satisfy high-quality human resource in international integration.

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