scholarly journals Studies of the food intake of sheep at a single meal

1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Ternouth ◽  
A. W. Beattie
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Single Meal

1. Experiments are described in which the food intake and the water intake of sheep at a single meal were measured. The sheep were offered lucerne chaff ad lib. for 2 h only each day.2. Following the peritoneal infusion of physiological saline the food intake increased, while the injection of a diuretic before feeding caused the food intake to be decreased.3. In eight experiments the osmolality of the ruminal liquor was increased by the addition to the rumen of NaCl, KCl or the salts of volatile fatty acids in 250 ml water. The decrease in food intake was related to the osmolality, but not to the energy content, of the added electrolyte solution. In a further experiment, sheep receiving a highly digestible lucerne chaff, containing 1% (w/w) NaCl, increased their food intake when water was added to the rumen. Other workers have concluded that gastric osmolality is an important variable in the control of food intake in monogastric animals. The results of the eight experiments now described suggest that ruminal osmolality is of similar importance in ruminants.4. It is suggested that all these observations are consistent with the theory, which has been proposed for non-ruminant animals, that the food intake at a single meal may be related to the degree of tissue hydration at the beginning of the meal.

scholarly journals Investigation of nitrogen balance in dairy cows and steers nourished by intragastric infusion

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
N. A. MacLeod ◽  
S. T. M. Fahmy ◽  
L. Istasse ◽  
F. D. DeB. Hovell
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Practical Implications

1. Two dairy cows were maintained by intragastric infusion of volatile fatty acids and casein. Except when fasting, the casein-nitrogen was held constant, while total gross energy supply was varied from zero during fasting to 650 kJ/kg body-weight (W)0·75.2. One cow was estimated to attain zero N balance at an energy intake of 255 kJ/kg W0·75and the other at 307 kJ/kg W0·75, which was calculated to be substantially below the estimated energy required for zero energy balance.3. When the cows were later given an N-free infusion for a period preceding the trial, N balance occurred at 98 kJ/kg W0·75for one cow and 115 kJ/kg W0·75for the other.4. Four steers were similarly nourished by intragastric infusion and the energy nutrient increased from 0 at fasting to 450 kJ/kg W0·75. The protein was held constant at 1 g N/kg W0·75except at fasting. The energy level at which N balance occurred was 154 (SE 38) kJ/kg W0·75or approximately equal to the energy content of the protein. The practical implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals On the quality of Svalbard reindeer pasture in the summer and autumn

Rangifer ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Staaland
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Svalbard Reindeer ◽  
Protein Fiber ◽  
Pasture Plants

<p>Late summer and autumn reindeer pasture plants from Adventdalen, Svalbard were analyzed for contents of fatty acids, energy content, protein, fibre, ether extract as well as content of macro minerals. Food intake of grazing reindeer in Adventdalen was estimated from fecal production. Large intake of high quality food seems to account for the growth and fattening of Svalbard reindeer during summer.</p><p>Om kvaliteten p&aring; reinbeite av reinbeite p&aring; Svalbard sommer og h&oslash;st.</p><p>Abstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag: Innholdet av fettsyrer, energi, protein, fiber, eterekstrakt og makromineraler ble analysert i reinbeiteplanter fra Adventdalen p&aring; Svalbard. Plantene ble samlet p&aring; ettersommeren. Forinntaket hos beitende rein i Adventdalen ble estimert ut fra fecesproduksjonen. Et stort inntak av for med h&oslash;y kvalitet synes &aring; kunne forklare vekst og fettlagring hos Svalbard-reinen om sommeren.</p><p>Huippuvuorten poronlaidunten laadusta kesalla ja syksylla.</p><p>Abstract in Finnish / Yhteenveto: Rasvahappojen, energian, fiiberin, eetteriuutteen ja makromineraalien sisaltoa analysoitiin poronlaidunkasveissa Huippuvuorten Adventtilaaksosta. Kasvit kerattiin loppukesalla. Adventtilaaksossa laiduntavien porojen rehun kulunki arvioitiin lannan maarasta. Korkealaatuisen rehun suuri kulutus nayttaa vovan selittaa Huippuvuorten porojen kasvun ja rasvakerrostuman kesalla.</p>

The fermentable metabolisable energy in grass silage

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 141-141
Author(s):  
A T Chamberlaina ◽  
K Seyoum ◽  
D Chapman ◽  
C Piotrowski
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
The Uk

The UK metabolisable protein system (AFRC, 1992) requires the measurement of fermentable metabolisable energy (FME) to determine the potential yield of microbial crude protein in the rumen. FME is defined as:The objective of this work was to measure the ME , ether extract and volatile fatty acid components of first cut grass silages to assess the range of FME and non-fermentable fractions and hence the range of fermentabilities (FME:ME).Eighty-four clamp grass silages, predominantly first-cut rye grass, were analysed for modified acid detergent fibre (MADF), individual volatile fatty acids, oil (ether extract) and oven dry matter. ME was predicted from the MADF after correction for oven dry matter. The gross energy of the lactic, acetic, propanoic, butyric and valeric acid were taken to be 15.2, 14.6, 20.8, 24.9, and 28.0 MJ/kg DM, and for the Ether Extract fraction of grass 38.5 MJ/kg DM. The energy content of the volatile fatty acids in the silage were summed and FME was calculated as described above. The fermentability of the silage was the expressed as the proportion of FME to ME.

scholarly journals Effects of Excessive Water Intake on Net Absorptions of Volatile Fatty Acids in Goats Exposed to Hot Environment

1996 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 893-899
Author(s):  
Katsunori SUNAGAWA ◽  
Hiroshi TAKAHASHI ◽  
Yumi ISEKI ◽  
Mika HIGASHI ◽  
Shinji UMEDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Hot Environment ◽  
Excessive Water

The use of thein vitrofermentation technique to estimate the digestible energy content of some Egyptian forages II. Thein vitroproduction of total volatile fatty acids and organic acids as criteria of energy content

1963 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. El-Shazly ◽  
A. R. Abou Akkada ◽  
M. M. A. Naga
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Cellulose Digestion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
A New Technique

1. Fourin vitrofermentation experiments, in duplicate, were carried out over 24 hr. periods, to estimate the production of v.f.a. and o.a from forages.2. A new technique for determining the total organic acids produced in the rumen is described.3. The o.a. produced in the earlier part of the fermentation are considerably higher than the v.f.a. but the difference then diminishes. There is practically no difference in the amounts produced after 24 hr.4. Highly significant correlations were found between thein vitroproduction of v.f.a. or o.a. and d.e./kg. d.m., for all the roughages tested. Nonlegumes gave a more highly significant correlation than legumes.5. Regression equations show that o.a. or v.f.a. were more accurate thanin vitrocellulose digestion for predicting the d.e./kg. d.m. of non-legume forages. It is concluded that V.F.A. productionin vitrois the best criterion in this respect.

scholarly journals Investigating the effect of apple pomac silage as fodder source on performance and residues of its toxins in milk and some rumen fermentation in Mahabadi lactation goats in early lactation period

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
A. G. Gharehbagh ◽  
R. Pirmohammadi ◽  
Y. A. Alijoo ◽  
H. K. Behroozyar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Apple Pomace ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ruminant Animals

The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of apple pomace silage as fodder source on performance and residues of its toxins in milk and some rumen fermentation in Mahabadi lactation goats in early lactation period. There was no significant difference within treatments apple pomace mixed silage had no effect on dairy goat’s average daily feed intake. There were no significant differences about pH changes between treatments. The protozoa population tended to decrease and ammonia nitrogen has increased significantly in different treatments (P≤0.05). According to the increase of volatile fatty acids production, the proportion of acetatenot differed even though that of Propionate and iso-butyrate increased but none significantly. The molar ratios of acetate and propionate and iso-butyratein the goats rumen containing apple pomace was differed in respect to the availability for fermentation by rumen microflora. In regard to this information, the inclusion of apple pomace silage in experimental goat’s diet was associated with a slight lower rumen pH, higher concentration of acetate and propionate and total volatile fatty acids in rumen. The potential value of byproducts in animal feeding and better dry matter and organic matter digestibilitydepends on their nutritive characteristics. But the livestock producers are responsible for ensuring that the animals and products that they market do not contain unacceptable chemical residues. Anyone intending to feed waste materials to ruminant animals such as cattle, sheep and goatsor to pigs must ensure that it is free of prohibited or restricted substances.

scholarly journals Extraction, identification, and quantification of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in rumen fluid samples using Reverse Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detector (RP HPLC-DAD)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julián Andrés Castillo Vargas ◽  
Tiago Costa de Araújo ◽  
Rafael Mezzomo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Carbohydrate Fermentation

Abstract In ruminant animals, volatile fatty acids (VFA) or short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are derived from the protein and carbohydrate fermentation by rumen microorganism. Hence, the VFA determination in rumen fluid allows the evaluation of the nutritional quality of a diet, as well as its potential impact on the chemical composition of ruminant milk and meat. Thus, we developed a protocol to extract, identify, and quantify acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric, and caproic acids in ruminal fluid samples using RP-HPLC-DAD. Despite literature findings had shown that the most suitable column for VFA chromatographic separation under HPLC-DAD is an ion-exchange column, our protocol showed that a C18 column also allows an efficient VFA separation of the aforementioned acid, except for butyric and iso-butyric acids. This condition may constitute a limitation of the Hypersil GOLD C18 column use for VFA determination. However, considering that the concentration of iso-butyric acid is significantly lower than that of butyric acid, a good estimation of butyric acid can be obtained.

The effect of level of water intake on some aspects of digestion and nitrogen metabolism of the ‘desert sheep’ of the Sudan

1974 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Elsayed Osman ◽  
B. Fadlalla
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Dactyloctenium Aegyptium

SUMMARYFive successive trials were conducted using eight adult rams (Sudan desert sheep) to study the effect of restriction of water intake on some aspects of digestion and nitrogen metabolism. The feeds used in this study were berseem hay (Medicago sativa), lubia hay (Dolichos lablab), maize hay (Zea mais), a concentrate mixture, and dry desert grasses (hummra) (a mixture ofDactyloctenium aegyptium, Schoenefeldia gracilis, Eragrostis pilosa, Aristida funiculataandAristidaspp.).Restriction of water did not affect the digestibility coefficients of organic matter, crude protein and crude fibre significantly. The digestibility coefficient of ether extract was significantly reduced whereas that of nitrogen-free extract was slightly higher when water was restricted.The concentrations of ammonia and volatile fatty acids in the rumen and of urea in the blood were recorded before and 3 h after feeding. Increases in rumen ammonia and blood urea nitrogen concentration were reduced by water restriction except when hummra was fed.Restriction of water intake also slightly increased thein vitrorate of fermentation of rumen contents which is taken as a measure of microbial activity in the rumen, and the retention of nitrogen. These results are interpreted as indications of more efficient nitrogen utilization under conditions of water restriction.There were no significant effects of the treatments on changes in the concentration of volatile fatty acids.The significance of these findings in relation to the management of desert sheep in the arid parts of the Sudan is discussed with special reference to the effect of the level of dry-matter intake on nitrogen balance.

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