scholarly journals Fibre composition and enzyme activities in six muscles of the Swedish reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

Rangifer ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
K-H. Kiessling ◽  
K. Rydberg
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus ◽  
Fast Twitch

<p>Six skeletal muscles have been studied as regards fibre properties and enzyme activities. The muscles are cranial part of M. gluteobiceps, M. semitendinosus, M. semimembranosus, M. longissimus dorsi, M. brachiocephalicus and M. sternocephalicus. Two histochemical methods were used for fibre identification, one based on myosin ATPase activities after preincubation at pH 4.3 and 4.6 and the other on oxidative capacity measured as NADH dehydrogenase activity. The two methods gave slightly differing results but allowed the general conclusion that of the three fibre types (I, II A and II B) the type II B fibres, which are fast-twitch, glycolytic, make up some 40 - 60 % (mean 50 %) of the muscles. Type I fibres, which are slow-twitch, oxidative, account for 30% of the total muscle volume in the two neck muscles but for only 20% or less in the rest. The third type, II A, which is fast-twitch, oxidative, glycolytic, accounts for only 20% of the volume in the neck muscles but as much as 40% in M. longissimus dorsi. Oxidative capacity is high throughout. This is valid also to the capacity to oxidize fatty acids, though reaching only half the activity previously found in the Svalbard reindeer (Kiessling and Kiessling, 1983). Lactate dehydrogenase activity is comparatively low in all muscles. The high respiratory chain activity and fatty acid oxidation and the low lactate dehydrogenase activities do not fit at all well with the high content of type II B fibres in the muscles. This high II B content is also unexpected when considering the activity pattern of the reindeer. An altogether different role for the type II B fibres, besides the traditional one, is therefore discussed.</p><p>Fibersammans&aring;ttning och enzymaktiviteter i sex muskler fr&aring;n svensk tamren (Rangifer tarandus tarandus).</p><p>Abstract in Swedish / Sammandrag: Sex skelettmuskler har undersokts med avseende p&aring; fiberegenskaper och enzymaktiviteter. De sex musklerna &aring;r kranial del av M. gluteobiceps. M. semitendinosus, M. semimembranosus, M. longissimus dorsi, M. brachiocephalicus och M. sternocephalicus. Tv&aring; histokemiska metoder har anv&aring;nts for att identifiera fibrerna, den ena baserad p&aring; myosin ATPas aktivitet efter forinkubering vid pH 4,3 och 4,6, den andre p&aring; oxidativ kapacitet m&aring;tt som NADH dehydrogenas aktivitet. De tv&aring; metoderna gav n&aring;got olika resultat men tillater den generella slutsatsen att av de tre fibertyperna (I, II A och II B) typ II B fibrerna, som ar snabbt kontraherande, glykolytiska, utgor 40 - 60 % (medelv&aring;rde 50 %) av muskelvolymen. Typ I fibrerna, som &aring;r langsamt kontraherande, oxidativa, svarar for 30% av totala muskelvolymen i de tv&aring; halsmusklerna men bara for 20% eller mindre i ovriga muskler. Den tredje typen, II A, som &aring;r snabbt kontraherande, oxidativ och glykolytisk, svarar bara for 20 % av volymen i halsmusklerna men enda upp till 40% i M. longissimus dorsi. Den oxidativa kapaciteten &aring;r genomg&aring;ende hog. Detta g&aring;iler aven for kapaciteten att oxidera fettsyror, aven om denna bara uppg&aring;r till halva den aktivitet som tidigare p&aring;visats i Svalbardrenens muskler (Kiessling &amp; Kiessling 1983). Laktatdehydrogenas aktiviteten &aring;r j&aring;mforelsevis l&aring;g i alla muskler. Den hoga aktiviteten hos andingskedjan och fettsyraoxidationen och den l&aring;ga laktatdehydrogenas aktiviteten st&aring;mmer d&aring;ligt med den hoga halten av typ II B fibrer i musklerna. Denna hoga II B halt &aring;r ocks&aring; ov&aring;ntad med tanke p&aring; renens aktivitetsmonster. D&aring;rfor diskuteras en alternativ roll for typ II B fibrerna forutom den traditionella att fungera som kontraktil v&aring;vnad.</p><p>Fiiberien kokoonpano ja entsyymien aktiivisuudet kuudessa lihaksessa ruotsalaisessa porossa. (Rangifer tarandus tarandus).</p><p>Abstract in Finnish / Yhteenveto: On tutkittu kuutta luurangon lihasta mita fiiberien ominaisuuksiin ja entsyymien aktiivisuuksiin tulee. Lihakset ovat craniaalinen osa seuraavista: M. gluteobiceps, M. semkendmosus, M. semimembranosus, M. longissimus dorsi, M. brachiocephalicus ja M. sternocephalicus. Fiiberien identifioitiin kaytettiin kahta histokemiallista menetelmaa, ensimmainen perustui myosin ATPase aktiivisuuksiin preinkubaation jalkeen pH 4,3:ssa ja 4,6:ssa ja toinen oksidatiiviseen kapasiteettiin mitattuna NADH dehydrogenase aktiivisuutena. Nama kaksi menetelmaa antoivat hienoisen eron, mutta antaa aihetta yleiseen johtopaatokseen, etta niista kolmesta fiiberityypista (I, II A ja II B) tyyppi II B fiiberit, jotka ovat nopeasti supistavia, glycolyyttisia, koostuvat suunnilleen 40 - 60 % (keskimaarin 50 %) lihaksista. Tyyppi I fiiberit, jotka ovat hitaasti supistavia, oksidatiivisia, tekee 30 % lihaksen kokonaismaarasta niissa kahdessa niskalihaksessa, mutta vain 20 % tai vahemman muissa. Kolmas tyyppi, II A, joka on nopeasti supistava, oxidatiivinen, glycolyyttinen, tekee vain 20 % niskalihasten maarasta, mutta niin paljon kuin 40 % M. longissimus dorsi.sta. Oksidatiivinen kapasiteetti on lapeensa korkea. Tama patee myoskin kapasiteettiin oksidoida rasvahappoa, vaikkakin saavuttaa vain puolet aktiivisuudesta aikaisemmista loydoista Huippuvuorten poroissa (Kiessling ja Kiessling, 1983). Lactate dehydrogenase aktiivisuus on verrattain alhainen kaikissa lihaksissa. Korkea respiraatioketju aktiiviteetti ja rasvahappo oksidaatio seka alhainen lactate dehydrogenase aktiivisuudet eivat sovi laisinkaan hyvin yhteen korkea sisaltoisten tyyppi II B fiiberien kanssa lihaksissa. Tama korkea II B sisaltoinen on myoskin odottamaton huomioonottaen poron aktiivisuus kayttaytymisen. Aivan erilainen tehtava tyyppi II B fiibereille, traditionaaliseen verrattuna, on siksi keskusteltu.</p>

Myopathy in Bone Loss of Ageing: Improvement by Treatment with 1α-hydroxycholecalciferol and Calcium

1979 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. H. Sørensen ◽  
BI. Lund ◽  
B. Saltin ◽  
BJ. Lund ◽  
R. B. Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Fast Twitch ◽  
Vitamin D Analogue

1. Eleven patients with the bone loss of ageing were treated with the vitamin D analogue 1α-hydroxycholecalciferol and calcium for 3–6 months. 2. Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis before and after the treatment and the activity of several enzymes was measured. Succinate dehydrogenase and total phosphorylase activities, which are a measure of the oxidative capacity, were low and increased significantly with the treatment. The lactate dehydrogenase activity, which can be taken as a measure of the anaerobic metabolism, was normal and did not change with treatment. The phosphagen stores, ATP and creatine phosphate were low and increased to normal with treatment. 3. Histochemical classification of the fibre composition revealed that the treatment induced an increase in the relative number of fast-twitch a (FTa or type II A) fibres accompanied by a reduction of the fast-twitch b (FTb or type II B) fibres. The cross-sectional area of the FTa fibres also increased with the treatment. 4. The present findings indicate that treatment with the active vitamin D analogue, 1α-hydroxycholecalciferol, and calcium improves the myopathy associated with the bone loss of ageing.

scholarly journals NADH Dehydrogenase Defects Confer Isoniazid Resistance and Conditional Lethality in Mycobacterium smegmatis

1998 ◽  
Vol 180 (9) ◽  
pp. 2459-2467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Miesel ◽  
Torin R. Weisbrod ◽  
Jovita A. Marcinkeviciene ◽  
Robert Bittman ◽  
William R. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Mycobacterium Smegmatis ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Isoniazid Resistance ◽  
Multiple Phenotypes ◽  
Related Drug

ABSTRACT Isoniazid (INH) is a highly effective drug used in the treatment and prophylaxis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. Resistance to INH in clinical isolates has been correlated with mutations in the inhA, katG, andahpC genes. In this report, we describe a new mechanism for INH resistance in Mycobacterium smegmatis. Mutations that reduce NADH dehydrogenase activity (Ndh; type II) cause multiple phenotypes, including (i) coresistance to INH and a related drug, ethionamide; (ii) thermosensitive lethality; and (iii) auxotrophy. These phenotypes are corrected by expression of one of two enzymes: NADH dehydrogenase and the NADH-dependent malate dehydrogenase of theM. tuberculosis complex. The genetic data presented here indicate that defects in NADH oxidation cause all of the mutant traits and that an increase in the NADH/NAD+ ratio confers INH resistance.

Effects of chronic hypoxia and dietary restriction on myocardial enzyme activities

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (4) ◽  
pp. 1308-1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
SE Barrie ◽  
P Harris
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Succinate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Chronic Hypoxia ◽  
Phosphoglycerate Kinase ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Succinate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Left And Right

Enzyme activities were measured in homogenates of left and right ventricles of guinea pigs after 14 and 28 days' exposure to 400 mmHg barometric pressure. All animals developed anorexia and right ventricular hypertrophy. Two control groups of animals were used, one free fed and the other restricted to the amount of food chosen by the hypobaric group. The factorial design of the experiment allowed some distinction between the effects of anorexia, hypertrophy, and hypoxia. Dietary restriction was associated with a decrease in glycogen phosphorylase, hexokinase, and succinate dehydrogenase activity and an increase in the M-subunits of lactate dehydrogenase. Myocardial hypertrophy was associated with an increase in the activity of the enzymes of the glycolytic pathway down as far as phosphoglycerate kinase and an increase in the M-subunits of lactate dehydrogenase. Chronic hypoxia seemed specifically to be associated with an increase in the H-subunits of lactate dehydrogenase and possibly a slight transient increase in succinate dehydrogenase activity. Mixing studies indicated that changes in enzyme activities were likely to be due to changes in enzyme concentrations.

Spurious Elevation of Apparent Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity Caused by Triamterene

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1202-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Chainuvati ◽  
U Harinasuta ◽  
H J Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Serum Lactate ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Fluorometric Method ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity

Abstract Triamterene induced spurious elevations in serum lactate dehydrogenase activity, as assayed by an automated fluorometric method; the enzyme activities were normal when measured spectrophotometrically. Solutions of the drug in normal serum or physiological saline, without addition of substrate or coenzyme, yielded high values for apparent "enzyme" activity by the fluorometric assay.

scholarly journals Thermal reaction norms of key metabolic enzymes reflect divergent physiological and behavioral adaptations of closely related amphipod species

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Jakob ◽  
Kseniya P. Vereshchagina ◽  
Anette Tillmann ◽  
Lorena Rivarola-Duarte ◽  
Denis V. Axenov-Gribanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Metabolic Enzymes ◽  
Thermal Reaction ◽  
Reaction Norms ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Amphipod Species ◽  
Thermal Plasticity

AbstractLake Baikal is inhabited by more than 300 endemic amphipod species, which are narrowly adapted to certain thermal niches due to the high interspecific competition. In contrast, the surrounding freshwater fauna is commonly represented by species with large-scale distribution and high phenotypic thermal plasticity. Here, we investigated the thermal plasticity of the energy metabolism in two closely-related endemic amphipod species from Lake Baikal (Eulimnogammarus verrucosus; stenothermal and Eulimnogammarus cyaneus; eurythermal) and the ubiquitous Holarctic amphipod Gammarus lacustris (eurythermal) by exposure to a summer warming scenario (6–23.6 °C; 0.8 °C d−1). In concert with routine metabolic rates, activities of key metabolic enzymes increased strongly with temperature up to 15 °C in E. verrucosus, whereupon they leveled off (except for lactate dehydrogenase). In contrast, exponential increases were seen in E. cyaneus and G. lacustris throughout the thermal trial (Q10-values: 1.6–3.7). Cytochrome-c-oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase, and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities were found to be higher in G. lacustris than in E. cyaneus, especially at the highest experimental temperature (23.6 °C). Decreasing gene expression levels revealed some thermal compensation in E. cyaneus but not in G. lacustris. In all species, shifts in enzyme activities favored glycolytic energy generation in the warmth. The congruent temperature-dependencies of enzyme activities and routine metabolism in E. verrucosus indicate a strong feedback-regulation of enzymatic activities by whole organism responses. The species-specific thermal reaction norms reflect the different ecological niches, including the spatial distribution, distinct thermal behavior such as temperature-dependent migration, movement activity, and mating season.

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