Myopathy in Bone Loss of Ageing: Improvement by Treatment with 1α-hydroxycholecalciferol and Calcium

1979 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. H. Sørensen ◽  
BI. Lund ◽  
B. Saltin ◽  
BJ. Lund ◽  
R. B. Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Fast Twitch ◽  
Vitamin D Analogue

1. Eleven patients with the bone loss of ageing were treated with the vitamin D analogue 1α-hydroxycholecalciferol and calcium for 3–6 months. 2. Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis before and after the treatment and the activity of several enzymes was measured. Succinate dehydrogenase and total phosphorylase activities, which are a measure of the oxidative capacity, were low and increased significantly with the treatment. The lactate dehydrogenase activity, which can be taken as a measure of the anaerobic metabolism, was normal and did not change with treatment. The phosphagen stores, ATP and creatine phosphate were low and increased to normal with treatment. 3. Histochemical classification of the fibre composition revealed that the treatment induced an increase in the relative number of fast-twitch a (FTa or type II A) fibres accompanied by a reduction of the fast-twitch b (FTb or type II B) fibres. The cross-sectional area of the FTa fibres also increased with the treatment. 4. The present findings indicate that treatment with the active vitamin D analogue, 1α-hydroxycholecalciferol, and calcium improves the myopathy associated with the bone loss of ageing.

Fibre types in breast and leg muscles of hand-reared and wild grey partridge (Perdix perdix)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahti EI Pyörnilä ◽  
Ahti P Putaala ◽  
Raimo K Hissa
Keyword(s):  
Relative Number ◽  
Fibre Types ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Poor Survival ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perdix Perdix ◽  
Grey Partridge ◽  
The Poor ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Fast Twitch

Fibre types and sizes and their relative numbers and cross-sectional areas in M. pectoralis, M. supracoracoideus, and M. iliotibialis of hand-reared and wild grey partridge (Perdix perdix) were determined in order to see if there are differences that could account for the poor survival of hand-reared birds released into the wild. Histochemical staining for myosin ATPase and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) showed that most breast-muscle fibres (80-90%) are of the fast-twitch glycolytic (FG) type and a smaller portion of the fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic (FOG) type. In M. iliotibialis, about 60% of the fibres were FG fibres and the rest were of the FOG type. Judging from the low intensity of SDH staining, FOG fibres in the grey partridge appear weakly oxidative only. The relative number of FG fibres and their relative cross-sectional area in M. pectoralis were larger in the hand-reared than in the wild birds. The cross-sectional areas of both fibre types in M. iliotibialis were significantly larger in the hand-reared birds. Taken as a whole, these findings alone do not account for the poor survival of hand-reared partridge in the wild.

scholarly journals Size and Proportions of Slow-Twitch and Fast-Twitch Muscle Fibers in Human Costal Diaphragm

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Meznaric ◽  
Erika Cvetko
Keyword(s):  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Hybrid Fibers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Myosin Heavy Chain Isoform ◽  
Diaphragmatic Muscle ◽  
Fast Twitch Muscle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Slow Twitch ◽  
Fast Twitch

Smaller diaphragmatic motor unit potentials (MUPs) compared to MUPs of limb muscles lead to the hypothesis that diaphragmatic muscle fibers, being the generators of MUPs, might be also smaller. We compared autopsy samples of costal diaphragm and vastus lateralis of healthy men with respect to fibers’ size and expression of slow myosin heavy chain isoform (MyHC-1) and fast 2A isoform (MyHC-2A). Diaphragmatic fibers were smaller than fibers in vastus lateralis with regard to the mean minimal fiber diameter of slow-twitch (46.8 versus 72.2 μm,p<0.001), fast-twitch (45.1 versus 62.4 μm,p<0.001), and hybrid fibers (47.3 versus 65.0 μm,p<0.01) as well as to the mean fiber cross-sectional areas of slow-twitch (2376.0 versus 5455.9 μm2,p<0.001), fast-twitch (2258.7 versus 4189.7 μm2,p<0.001), and hybrid fibers (2404.4 versus 4776.3 μm2,p<0.01). The numerical proportion of slow-twitch fibers was higher (50.2 versus 36.3%,p<0.01) in costal diaphragm and the numerical proportion of fast-twitch fibers (47.2 versus 58.7%,p<0.01) was lower. The numerical proportion of hybrid fibers did not differ. Muscle fibers of costal diaphragm have specific characteristics which support increased resistance of diaphragm to fatigue.

Skeletal muscle atrophy in response to 14 days of weightlessness: vastus medialis

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. S44-S50 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. J. Musacchia ◽  
J. M. Steffen ◽  
R. D. Fell ◽  
M. J. Dombrowski ◽  
V. W. Oganov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Type I ◽  
Vastus Medialis ◽  
Fiber Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Fiber Area ◽  
Fast Twitch

The vastus medialis (VM) from rats after 14 days of microgravity on COSMOS 2044 (F) was compared with VM from tail-suspended hindlimb-unloaded rats (T) and ground controls, including vivarium (V), synchronous (S), and basal (B) animals. The VM is composed chiefly of fast-twitch fibers; however, it contains a deep portion closer to the bone with mixed slow- and fast-twitch fibers. In the mixed-fiber portion, type I and II fiber areas were significantly reduced in F animals. In the homogeneous portion with chiefly fast-twitch fibers, F rats also showed reductions in cross-sectional areas compared with T, V, and B but not S rats. Fiber densities (fibers/mm2) were greatest in VM from F rats. Capillary density changes paralleled fiber density changes. F animals have significantly greater density of capillaries in the mixed-fiber portion. Concentrations of protein, RNA, and DNA were highest in V controls, whereas F rats had the lowest level of total RNA. Lactate dehydrogenase activity, one measure of anaerobic capacity, was greater in F than in S rats. Citrate synthase activity, a measure of oxidative capacity, showed no significant differences between groups. Although triglyceride stores of VM were greater in F than in T rats, there were no significant differences from any of the control groups. It was concluded that VM wet weights may be a less sensitive measure of atrophy than the fiber area measurements. Fiber area decreases and fiber density increases in F animals were quantitatively comparable to those in soleus and extensor digitorum longus after 7 days of weightless flight in Spacelab 3. Our results suggest that VM shows measurable responses to weightlessness.

Absence of regional differences in the size and oxidative capacity of diaphragm muscle fibers

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 1076-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Sieck ◽  
R. D. Sacks ◽  
C. E. Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Diaphragm Muscle ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fast Twitch

The oxidative capacity and cross-sectional area of muscle fibers were compared between the costal and crural regions of the cat diaphragm and across the abdominal-thoracic extent of the muscle. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity of individual fibers was quantified using a microphotometric procedure implemented on an image-processing system. In both costal and crural regions, population distributions of SDH activities were unimodal for both type I and II fibers. The continuous distribution of SDH activities for type II fibers indicated that no clear threshold exists for the subclassification of fibers based on differences in oxidative capacity (e.g., the classification of fast-twitch glycolytic and fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic fiber types). No differences in either SDH activity or cross-sectional area were noted between fiber populations of the costal and crural regions. Differences in SDH activity and cross-sectional area were noted, however, between fiber populations located on the abdominal and thoracic sides of the costal region. Both type I and II fibers on the abdominal side of the costal diaphragm were larger and more oxidative than comparable fibers on the thoracic side.

Treatment with an active vitamin D analogue blocks hypothalamic dysfunction-induced bone loss in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 542 ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Eri Ito ◽  
Yuiko Sato ◽  
Tami Kobayashi ◽  
Satoshi Nakamura ◽  
Yosuke Kaneko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Active Vitamin ◽  
Hypothalamic Dysfunction ◽  
Active Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Analogue

scholarly journals Fibre composition and enzyme activities in six muscles of the Swedish reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

Rangifer ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
K-H. Kiessling ◽  
K. Rydberg
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus ◽  
Fast Twitch

<p>Six skeletal muscles have been studied as regards fibre properties and enzyme activities. The muscles are cranial part of M. gluteobiceps, M. semitendinosus, M. semimembranosus, M. longissimus dorsi, M. brachiocephalicus and M. sternocephalicus. Two histochemical methods were used for fibre identification, one based on myosin ATPase activities after preincubation at pH 4.3 and 4.6 and the other on oxidative capacity measured as NADH dehydrogenase activity. The two methods gave slightly differing results but allowed the general conclusion that of the three fibre types (I, II A and II B) the type II B fibres, which are fast-twitch, glycolytic, make up some 40 - 60 % (mean 50 %) of the muscles. Type I fibres, which are slow-twitch, oxidative, account for 30% of the total muscle volume in the two neck muscles but for only 20% or less in the rest. The third type, II A, which is fast-twitch, oxidative, glycolytic, accounts for only 20% of the volume in the neck muscles but as much as 40% in M. longissimus dorsi. Oxidative capacity is high throughout. This is valid also to the capacity to oxidize fatty acids, though reaching only half the activity previously found in the Svalbard reindeer (Kiessling and Kiessling, 1983). Lactate dehydrogenase activity is comparatively low in all muscles. The high respiratory chain activity and fatty acid oxidation and the low lactate dehydrogenase activities do not fit at all well with the high content of type II B fibres in the muscles. This high II B content is also unexpected when considering the activity pattern of the reindeer. An altogether different role for the type II B fibres, besides the traditional one, is therefore discussed.</p><p>Fibersammans&aring;ttning och enzymaktiviteter i sex muskler fr&aring;n svensk tamren (Rangifer tarandus tarandus).</p><p>Abstract in Swedish / Sammandrag: Sex skelettmuskler har undersokts med avseende p&aring; fiberegenskaper och enzymaktiviteter. De sex musklerna &aring;r kranial del av M. gluteobiceps. M. semitendinosus, M. semimembranosus, M. longissimus dorsi, M. brachiocephalicus och M. sternocephalicus. Tv&aring; histokemiska metoder har anv&aring;nts for att identifiera fibrerna, den ena baserad p&aring; myosin ATPas aktivitet efter forinkubering vid pH 4,3 och 4,6, den andre p&aring; oxidativ kapacitet m&aring;tt som NADH dehydrogenas aktivitet. De tv&aring; metoderna gav n&aring;got olika resultat men tillater den generella slutsatsen att av de tre fibertyperna (I, II A och II B) typ II B fibrerna, som ar snabbt kontraherande, glykolytiska, utgor 40 - 60 % (medelv&aring;rde 50 %) av muskelvolymen. Typ I fibrerna, som &aring;r langsamt kontraherande, oxidativa, svarar for 30% av totala muskelvolymen i de tv&aring; halsmusklerna men bara for 20% eller mindre i ovriga muskler. Den tredje typen, II A, som &aring;r snabbt kontraherande, oxidativ och glykolytisk, svarar bara for 20 % av volymen i halsmusklerna men enda upp till 40% i M. longissimus dorsi. Den oxidativa kapaciteten &aring;r genomg&aring;ende hog. Detta g&aring;iler aven for kapaciteten att oxidera fettsyror, aven om denna bara uppg&aring;r till halva den aktivitet som tidigare p&aring;visats i Svalbardrenens muskler (Kiessling &amp; Kiessling 1983). Laktatdehydrogenas aktiviteten &aring;r j&aring;mforelsevis l&aring;g i alla muskler. Den hoga aktiviteten hos andingskedjan och fettsyraoxidationen och den l&aring;ga laktatdehydrogenas aktiviteten st&aring;mmer d&aring;ligt med den hoga halten av typ II B fibrer i musklerna. Denna hoga II B halt &aring;r ocks&aring; ov&aring;ntad med tanke p&aring; renens aktivitetsmonster. D&aring;rfor diskuteras en alternativ roll for typ II B fibrerna forutom den traditionella att fungera som kontraktil v&aring;vnad.</p><p>Fiiberien kokoonpano ja entsyymien aktiivisuudet kuudessa lihaksessa ruotsalaisessa porossa. (Rangifer tarandus tarandus).</p><p>Abstract in Finnish / Yhteenveto: On tutkittu kuutta luurangon lihasta mita fiiberien ominaisuuksiin ja entsyymien aktiivisuuksiin tulee. Lihakset ovat craniaalinen osa seuraavista: M. gluteobiceps, M. semkendmosus, M. semimembranosus, M. longissimus dorsi, M. brachiocephalicus ja M. sternocephalicus. Fiiberien identifioitiin kaytettiin kahta histokemiallista menetelmaa, ensimmainen perustui myosin ATPase aktiivisuuksiin preinkubaation jalkeen pH 4,3:ssa ja 4,6:ssa ja toinen oksidatiiviseen kapasiteettiin mitattuna NADH dehydrogenase aktiivisuutena. Nama kaksi menetelmaa antoivat hienoisen eron, mutta antaa aihetta yleiseen johtopaatokseen, etta niista kolmesta fiiberityypista (I, II A ja II B) tyyppi II B fiiberit, jotka ovat nopeasti supistavia, glycolyyttisia, koostuvat suunnilleen 40 - 60 % (keskimaarin 50 %) lihaksista. Tyyppi I fiiberit, jotka ovat hitaasti supistavia, oksidatiivisia, tekee 30 % lihaksen kokonaismaarasta niissa kahdessa niskalihaksessa, mutta vain 20 % tai vahemman muissa. Kolmas tyyppi, II A, joka on nopeasti supistava, oxidatiivinen, glycolyyttinen, tekee vain 20 % niskalihasten maarasta, mutta niin paljon kuin 40 % M. longissimus dorsi.sta. Oksidatiivinen kapasiteetti on lapeensa korkea. Tama patee myoskin kapasiteettiin oksidoida rasvahappoa, vaikkakin saavuttaa vain puolet aktiivisuudesta aikaisemmista loydoista Huippuvuorten poroissa (Kiessling ja Kiessling, 1983). Lactate dehydrogenase aktiivisuus on verrattain alhainen kaikissa lihaksissa. Korkea respiraatioketju aktiiviteetti ja rasvahappo oksidaatio seka alhainen lactate dehydrogenase aktiivisuudet eivat sovi laisinkaan hyvin yhteen korkea sisaltoisten tyyppi II B fiiberien kanssa lihaksissa. Tama korkea II B sisaltoinen on myoskin odottamaton huomioonottaen poron aktiivisuus kayttaytymisen. Aivan erilainen tehtava tyyppi II B fiibereille, traditionaaliseen verrattuna, on siksi keskusteltu.</p>

Oxidative capacity of human muscle fiber types: effects of age and training status

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 2033-2038 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Proctor ◽  
W. E. Sinning ◽  
J. M. Walro ◽  
G. C. Sieck ◽  
P. W. Lemon
Keyword(s):  
Succinate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Muscle Fiber Types ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Training Status ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
And Training

Morphometry and oxidative capacity of slow-twitch (type I) and fast-twitch (type IIa and IIb) muscle fibers obtained from vastus lateralis needle biopsies were compared between younger (21-30 yr) and older (51-62 yr) normal fit (maximal O2 uptake = 47.0 vs. 32.3 ml.kg-1.min-1) and endurance-trained (66.3 vs. 52.7 ml.kg-1.min-1) men (n = 6/group). The older groups had smaller type IIa (31%) and IIb (40%) fiber areas and fewer capillaries surrounding these fibers than did younger groups. The reduced type II fiber areas and capillary contacts associated with aging were also observed in the older trained men. However, the capillary supply per unit type II fiber area was not affected by age but was enhanced by training. Additionally, on the basis of quantitative histochemical analysis, succinate dehydrogenase activities of type IIa fibers in the older trained men [4.07 +/- 0.68 (SD) mmol.min-1.l-1] were similar to those observed in younger trained men (4.00 +/- 0.48 mmol.min-1.l-1) and twofold higher than in older normal fit men (2.01 +/- 0.65 mmol.min-1.l-1; age x fitness interaction, P < 0.05). Type I muscle fibers were unaffected by age but were larger and had more capillary contacts and higher succinate dehydrogenase activities in the trained groups. The findings of this study suggest that aging results in a decrease in type II fiber size and oxidative capacity in healthy men and that this latter effect can be prevented by endurance training. Conclusions regarding the effects of age and training status on muscle capillarization depend largely on how these data are expressed.

Operation Everest II: adaptations in human skeletal muscle

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 2454-2461 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Green ◽  
J. R. Sutton ◽  
A. Cymerman ◽  
P. M. Young ◽  
C. S. Houston
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Distribution Type

Adaptations in skeletal muscle in response to progressive hypobaria were investigated in eight male subjects [maximal O2 uptake = 51.2 +/- 3.0 (SE) ml.kg-1.min-1] over 40 days of progressive decompression to the stimulated altitude of the summit of Mt. Everest. Samples of the vastus lateralis muscle extracted before decompression (SL-1), at 380 and 282 Torr, and on return to sea level (SL-2) indicated that maximal activities of enzymes representative of the citric acid cycle, beta-oxidation, glycogenolysis, glycolysis, glucose phosphorylation, and high-energy phosphate transfer were unchanged (P greater than 0.05) at 380 and 282 Torr over initial SL-1 values. After exposure to 282 Torr, however, representing an additional period of approximately 7 days, reductions (P less than 0.05) were noted in succinic dehydrogenase (21%), citrate synthetase (37%), and hexokinase (53%) between SL-2 and 380 Torr. No changes were found in the other enzymes. Capillarization as measured by the number of capillaries per cross-sectional area (CC/FA) was increased (P less than 0.05) in both type I (0.94 +/- 0.8 vs. 1.16 +/- 0.05) and type II (0.84 +/- 0.07 vs. 1.05 +/- 0.08) fibers between SL-1 and SL-2. This increase was mediated by a reduction in fiber area. No changes were found in fiber-type distribution (type I vs. type II). These findings do not support the hypothesis, at least in humans, that, at the level of the muscle cell, extreme hypobaric hypoxia elicits adaptations directed toward maximizing oxidative function.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document