The frequency of antlerless females among Svalbard reindeer

Bente W. Jacobsen; Jonathan E. Colman; Eigil Reimers

doi:10.7557/2.18.2.1449

Genetic variation in transferrin as a predictor for differentiation and evolution of caribou from eastern Canada

Rangifer ◽

10.7557/2.11.2.979 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 65 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Knut H. Røed ◽

Michael A. D. Ferguson ◽

Michel Crête ◽

Tom A. Bergerud

Keyword(s):

High Frequency ◽

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Rangifer Tarandus ◽

Genetic Differences ◽

The Other ◽

Baffin Island ◽

Eastern Canada ◽

Low Frequencies ◽

Svalbard Reindeer ◽

Rangifer Tarandus Groenlandicus

Polycrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to analyse tranferrrin variation in caribou populations from Manitoba, Ontario, Québec/Labrador, and from Baffin Island, Northwest Territories in eastern Canada. The transferrin allele frequencies in these populations were compared with those previously reported for Canadian barren-ground caribou, Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus, Alaska caribou, R.t. grand, Peary caribou, R.t. pearyi, Svalbard reindeer, R.t. pla-tyrhynchus, and Eurasian tundra reindeer, R.t. tarandus. A total of twenty different alleles was detected in the analysed material, considerable genetic heterogeneity being detected among regions. Three alleles that were relatively common in caribou from Ontario, Manitoba and Québec/Labrador, were not present in R.t. grand, R.t. pearyi, R.t. tarandus or R.t. platyrhynchus, and present only at very low frequencies 'm R.t. groenlandicus. These findings, together with genetic identity analyses, suggest that the caribou in Manitoba, Ontario, and Québec/Labrador are mainly of the R.t. caribou type, and that little interbreeding has occurred with other subspecies. The large genetic distance in the transferrin locus between R.t. caribou and other subspecies of reindeer/caribou suggests that, during the Wisconsin glaciation the ancestral populations of R.t. caribou survived in a refugium different from that of the ancestral populations of the other subspecies. Significant genetic differences between Baffin Island caribou and all other populations were mainly due to the presence of one allele that was in high frequency in Baffin Island caribou, but that was absent, or present in very low frequencies, in all other reindeer/caribou populations. The genetic differences between Baffin Island caribou and the other subspecies were greater than the differences between several of the currently recognized subspecies.

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82 Struggle behavior and vocalizations of male piglets during castration

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 3-4

Author(s):

Maria E Lou ◽

Yuzhi Li ◽

Beth Ventura

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Acute Pain ◽

High Frequency ◽

Video Recording ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Peak Frequency ◽

Analysis Software ◽

Chi Square ◽

Behavioral Indicators ◽

Treatment Groups

Abstract Castration without the use of analgesia is routinely performed on male piglets. The objective of this study was to assess acute pain during castration through behavioral indicators. Piglets (n=88) were randomly allocated to one of two treatments: castration without the use of analgesia (C) and sham-castration (S). Within 24 hours after birth (birth weight = 1.78kg ±0.71), identical procedures were followed for both treatment groups, except sham piglets were not castrated. Struggle behavior (curl ups, leg kicks, and body flailing) and vocalizations were collected via continuous video recording as piglets received treatment from start (first application of scalpel) to end (application of iodine). Vocalization parameters (duration and peak frequency) were analyzed using the Raven Pro: Interactive Sound Analysis Software (Version 1.5). Peak frequency was defined as low (< 1000 Hz) and high (≥ 1000 Hz). Data were analyzed using the Glimmix Procedure of SAS. For struggle behavior, treatment did not affect curl up frequency. However, castrated piglets kicked more frequently than did sham piglets (C=28.8±0.9 vs. S=21.3±0.9 kicks/min; P=0.02). Additionally, 52% of castrated piglets displayed body flailing, whereas only 4.4% of sham piglets displayed the same behavior (Chi-Square = 24.2; P < 0.0001). For vocalizations, no difference was found for duration and peak frequency of low frequency calls. However, castrated piglets responded with more high frequency calls than sham piglets (C=23.6±0.3 vs. S=18.6±0.3 calls/min; P=0.04). High frequency calls tended to be of longer duration for castrated piglets (C=0.45±0.04 vs. S=0.27±0.04 sec/call; P=0.08). Results indicate that castration without the use of analgesia increased the frequency of leg kicks, body failing, and high frequency calls. This suggests that leg kicks, body flailing, and high frequency calls maybe useful behavioral indicators of acute pain in piglets.

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Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) antler characteristics reflecting the local environmental conditions

Folia Oecologica ◽

10.2478/foecol-2019-0003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 16-23

Author(s):

Jan Kavan ◽

Veronika Anděrová

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Rangifer Tarandus ◽

Well Being ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

High Mountain ◽

Atmospheric Conditions ◽

Individual Subject ◽

Svalbard Reindeer ◽

Invasive Method ◽

Antler Size

AbstractA new non-invasive method based on picture analysis was used to estimate the conditions in Svalbard reindeer populations. The well-being of an individual subject is often expressed through visual indices. Two distinct reindeer populations were compared based on their antler parameters. Relative antler size and number of tines are variables supposed to reflect correspondingly the environmental conditions of sedentary populations within the growing season. The occurrence areas of two studied populations are distinctly isolated – separated with high mountain ridges, glaciers and fjords. The population in Petuniabukta occupies a sparsely vegetated region with harsh climatic conditions, whereas Skansbukta represents an area with continuous tundra vegetation cover, milder climatic conditions and, consequently, also a longer vegetation season. These environmental factors probably caused significant differences in the relative antler size and number of tines in the studied species. The Skansbukta population exhibited a larger relative antler size and higher number of tines than the population in Petuniabukta (both parameters differed significantly, p < 0.01). This difference reflects concisely the different environmental conditions of both locations. A comparison of Skansbukta population antler characteristics between years 2017 and 2018 did not reveal significant changes, most probably due to very similar atmospheric conditions in these two years (in terms of air temperature).

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Energy expenditure of free-living reindeer estimated by the doubly labelled water method

Rangifer ◽

10.7557/2.20.4.1516 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 20 (2-3) ◽

pp. 211 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Geir Gotaas ◽

Eric Milne ◽

Paul Haggarty ◽

Nicholas J.C. Tyler

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Rangifer Tarandus ◽

Water Flux ◽

Co2 Production ◽

Wild Ungulates ◽

Free Living ◽

Doubly Labelled Water ◽

Svalbard Reindeer ◽

Mountain Pasture ◽

The Mean

The doubly labelled water (DLW) method was used to measure total energy expenditure (TEE) in three male reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) aged 22 months in winter (February) while the animals were living unrestricted at natural mountain pasture in northern Norway (69°20'N). The concentrations of 2H and l8O were measured in water extracted from samples of faeces collecred from the animals 0.4 and 11.2 days after injection of the isotopes. Calculated rates of water flux and CO2-production were adjusted to compensate for estimated losses of 2H in faecal solids and in methane produced by microbial fermentation of forage in the rumen. The mean specific TEE in the three animals was 3.057 W.kg-1 (range 2.436 - 3.728 W.kg1). This value is 64% higher than TEE measured by the DLW method in four captive, non-pregnant adult female reindeer in winter and probably mainly reflects higher levels of locomotor activity in the free-living animals. Previous estimates of TEE in free-living Rangifer in winter based on factorial models range from 3.038 W.kg-1 in female woodland caribou (R. t. caribou) to 1.813 W.kg-1 in female Svalbard reindeer (R. t. platyrhynchus). Thus, it seems that existing factorial models are unlikely to overestimate TEE in reindeer/caribou: they may, instead, be unduly conservative. While the present study serves as a general validation of the factorial approach, we suggest that the route to progress in the understanding of field energetics in wild ungulates is via application of the DLW method.

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Evaluation of the quality of fixed prosthesis impressions in private laboratories in a sample from Yemen

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-020-01294-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nusaiba M. Al-Odinee ◽

Mohsen Al-Hamzi ◽

Ibrahim Z. Al-shami ◽

Ahmed Madfa ◽

Abdulwahab I. Al-Kholani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Frequency ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Chi Square ◽

Finish Line ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Fixed Prosthodontics ◽

Impression Technique ◽

Impression Materials ◽

Fixed Prosthesis

Abstract Background Fixed prosthodontics require an accurate impression for the teeth and the area to be restored for the laboratory to fabricate the desired restoration without mistakes. This study evaluated the quality of impressions received by private laboratories for the fabrication of fixed prosthesis by describing the frequency of clinically detectable errors and by analyzing association between the various factors involved. Methods 165 impressions were collected from four dental laboratories. Jaw involved, type of tray, size of tray, number of prepared units, type of impression materials, techniques and viscosity in case of elastomeric impressions and type of prosthesis requested were recorded. Data referring to errors and visible defects including errors in finish line, in preparation area, in silicone impression technique and blood in impression were also documented. Factors affecting errors present were also assessed. Association between dentist gender and experience years and impression errors was assessed. Chi square and Fisher exact tests used to examine the association between categorical variables and outcomes. Results The total of error considering not immediately pouring as an error. Alginate was the most impression used. of impressions evaluated (50.9%), 97% were have at least one visible error; 92.1% had errors in finish line, 53.9% had errors in preparation area and (72.8%) of elastomeric impressions were have at least one error in technique. Blood in impression was detected in 52.1% of impressions. Significant association was found between material type and errors in finishing line and preparation area. Significant relationships were found between gender and errors in silicone impression technique (p < 0.05). Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, high frequency of detectable errors was found in fixed prosthesis impressions received by private dental laboratories. This high frequency is of serious concern, as this will result in poor fitted fixed prosthesis provided to patients.

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ABOMASAL NEMATODES OF THE SVALBARD REINDEER (RANGIFER TARANDUS PLATYRHYNCHUS VROLIK)

Journal of Wildlife Diseases ◽

10.7589/0090-3558-19.2.101 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 101-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

K. Bye ◽

O. Halvorsen

Keyword(s):

Rangifer Tarandus ◽

Svalbard Reindeer

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Co-feeding between Svalbard Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus muta hyperborea) and Svalbard Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus)

ARCTIC ◽

10.14430/arctic364 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Å.O. Pedersen ◽

M. Lier ◽

H. Routti ◽

H.H. Christiansen ◽

E. Fuglei

Keyword(s):

Rangifer Tarandus ◽

Rock Ptarmigan ◽

Svalbard Reindeer ◽

Lagopus Muta

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Use of Length Heterogeneity Polymerase Chain Reaction (LH-PCR) as Non-Invasive Approach for Dietary Analysis of Svalbard Reindeer, Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0091552 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. e91552 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sungbae Joo ◽

Donguk Han ◽

Eun Ju Lee ◽

Sangkyu Park

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Rangifer Tarandus ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Dietary Analysis ◽

Invasive Approach ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Svalbard Reindeer ◽

Polymerase Chain

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Comparison of the genetic variation in Svalbard and Norwegian reindeer

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z85-300 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 63 (9) ◽

pp. 2038-2042 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

K. H. Røed

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Rangifer Tarandus ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Divergence Time ◽

Recent Time ◽

Evolutionary Divergence ◽

Average Heterozygosity ◽

Polymorphic Loci ◽

Svalbard Reindeer ◽

Long Time

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to score for genetic variation in 35 loci in Svalbard reindeer, Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus, and in reindeer, Rangifer tarandus tarandus, from two localities in northern Norway. In R. t. platyrhynchus the proportion of polymorphic loci was 0.114 and the average heterozygosite was 0.030. In R. t. tarandus the proportion of polymorphic loci was 0.171–0.286 and the average heterozygosity was 0.043–0.045. Excluding the variability in the locus coding for transferrin from calculations reduced the average heterozygosity to 0.020 in R. t. platyrhynchus and to 0.021–0.025 in R. t. tarandus, suggesting that the amount of genetic variation in R. t. platyrhynchus is not very different from that in R. t. tarandus. Unique alleles in the loci coding for transferrin and acid phosphatase for the two subspecies indicate that there has been no interbreeding in recent time. The genetic distance between the two subspecies is within the same range as between subspecies of other organisms. Evolutionary divergence time based on the protein data indicates that either the divergence between these subspecies was initiated a very long time ago or R. t. platyrhynchus originates from other subspecies of reindeer.

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Digestion of energy and nutrients in Svalbard reindeer

Rangifer ◽

10.7557/2.8.1.725 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 2 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hans Staaland ◽

Nils A. Øritsland ◽

Robert G. White

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Rangifer Tarandus ◽

Nutrient Balance ◽

Pleurozium Schreberi ◽

Research Station ◽

Mixed Diet ◽

Svalbard Reindeer ◽

Feeding Trials ◽

Cladonia Rangiferina

Feeding trials with 5 male Svalbard reindeer, Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus Vrolik were conducted at the Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Research Station in Adventdalen, Svalbard. Five different diets were used, 1: commercial reindeer food, (RF-71), 2: a mixture of locally harvested grasses and sedges (mainly Dupontia pelligera and Eriphorum scheusczeri), 3: a pure moss (Pleurozium scheberi) diet, 4: a lichen diet using the dominant Svalbard species Cetraria delisei, and 5: a mixed diet of RF-71, moss (P. schreberi) and lichens (mainly Cladonia alpestris and Cladonia rangiferina). When fed the RF-71 diet the digestibility by Svalbard and Norwegian reindeer were similar with respect to dry matter (DM) 75 v 74%) and crude protein (CP) 74 v 70% as were the availabilities of P (72 v 76% )a and Ca (18 v 36%) in the diet. The mixture of grasses and sedges was highly digestible with respect to DM ((66,5%) but had low availabilities of Ca (12%), Mg (10%) and P (-11%). DM digestibility of the lichen C delisei was low (33%) however this lichen could constitute a good source of Ca. Moss palatability was very low (174-252 g or 9-13g/kg 0 75 intake daily). DM, CP and energy digestibilities, respectively 48, 53 and 49%, and the availabilities of P (66%) and Ca (20%) were indicative that they could add to the energy and protein intake while contributing significantly to nutrient balance of Svalbard reindeer when present in a mixed diet.Fordøyelse av energi og næringsstoffer hos Svalbard-rein.Abstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag: Ved MAB-stasjonen i Adventdalen på Svalbard ble det utført foringsforsøk med fem voksne bukker av Svalbardrein, Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus Vrolik. Det ble nyttet fem forskjellige forty per, 1: pelletert reinfor, RF71, 2: en blanding av gras og siv høstet i Adventdalen (vesentlig Dupontia pelligera og Eriophorum scheuchzeri), 3: en ren mosediett (Pleurozium schreberi), 4: lav av den vanlige Svalbard -arten, Cetraria delisei, 5: en blandet diett av RF71, mose (P. schreberi) og lav (hovedsaklig Cladonia alpestris og Cladonia rangiferina). Ved foring med reinfor (RF71) ble det funnet samme tørrstoff fordøyelighet hos Svalbardrein som tidligere rapportert fra norsk rein (75 versus 74%). Tilsvarende tall for råprotein var 74 versus 70%, P 72 versus 76% og Ca 18 versus 36%. Blanding av gras og siv hadde en høy tørrstoff fordøy elighet på 66.5%, mens tilgjengeligheten av Ca (12%), Mg (10%) og P (-11%) var lav. Tørrstoff-fordøyeligheten var lav (33%) for C. delisei, men denne laven kan likevel være en god Ca-kilde. Smakeligheten av mose var lav (foropptak 174-252 g eller 9-13 g/kg0-75 per dag). Fordøy elighet av tørrstoff, råprotein og energi, respektive 48, 53 og 49% og tilgjengeligheten av P (66%) og Ca (20%) indikerer at moser kan være et signifikant tilskudd til mineralbalansen hos Svalbardrein som lever på en blandet diett.Energian ja ravintoaineiden käyttö huippu vuortenpeur alla.Abstract in Finnish / Yhteenveto: MAB:n asemalla Adventdalenissa Svalbardilola tehtiin ruokintakokeita viidellä huippuvuorten-peurauroksilla (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus Vrolik). Kokeessa käytettiin viitä eri ruokintaa, 1: pelle-toitu pororehu, RF 71, 2: heinäan ja saran seosta (pääasiassa Dupentia pelligera ja Eriophorum scheuchze-ri), 3: sammalta (Pleurozium schreberi), 4: Huippuvuorilla tavattavaa jäkälälajia, Cetraria delisei, 5: poro-rehua (RF 71), sammalta (P. schreberi) ja jäkälää (pääasiassa Cladonia alpestris ja Cladonia rangiferina). Ruokittaessa RF 71 - rehulla huippuvuortenpeuralla kuiva-aineen (DM) ja raaka proteenin (CP) sulavuudet olisivat samat kuin aikaisemmin norjalaisilla poroilla mitatut (74 ja 75%, 74 ja 70%). Fosforin ja kalsiu-min saannit olivat vastaavasti 72 ja 76% ja 18 ja 36%. Heinän ja saran seos oli hyvin sulavaa. Kuiva-aineen sulavuus oli 66,5%, mutta kalsiumin, magnesiumin ja fosforin saanit oli alhainen (12, 10 ja 11%) Jäkä-län (C delisei) kuiva-aineen sulavuus oli alhainen (33%), mutta se on hyvä kalsiumin lähde. Sammalen sulavuus oli erittäin alhainen (saanti päivittäin 174-252 g eli 9-13 g/kg0,75). Kuiva-aineen, raaka proteiinein ja energian sulavuudet (48, 53 ja 49%) ja fosforin (66%) ja kalsiumin (20%) saannit osoittavat kuitenkin, että sammal voi lisätä huippuvuortenpeuralla energian ja proteiinin saantia ja on siten merkittävä ravintota-sapainon kannalta.

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