Effects of age and reproductive status on body composition in Svalbard reindeer

N. J. C. Tyler

doi:10.7557/2.10.4.930

Reproduction and nutrient reserves of bushy-tailed wood rats (Neotoma cinerea)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z91-434 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 69 (12) ◽

pp. 3088-3092 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Graham J. Hickling ◽

John S. Millar ◽

Richard A. Moses

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Nutritional Support ◽

Energy Content ◽

Reproductive Status ◽

Neotoma Cinerea ◽

The Mean ◽

Endogenous Reserves ◽

Nutrient Reserves

Body composition and energy content of female bushy-tailed wood rats (Neotoma cinerea) were examined in relation to reproductive status. We assessed the extent to which nutrients for offspring were obtained from endogenous reserves, and whether use of these reserves might influence the timing of spring breeding. Among breeding females, fat levels were highest during pregnancy, and were depleted during lactation. The mean reduction in energy content from pregnancy through lactation (266 kJ) accounted for 21% of the estimated 1260 kJ contributed by a female to her offspring in this period. Females potentially gained 3.0 days of nutritional support from their endogenous reserves during winter, but this fell to 2.0 days during summer and was only 0.8 days during lactation. Thus, females support the nutritional demands of lactation primarily by increasing their ingestion of food. Nevertheless, large endogenous reserves may enable some females to begin breeding early in the spring, when the abundance of food is unpredictable.

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Eigil Reimers; Body composition, mortality and population regulation of Svalbard reindeer

Rangifer ◽

10.7557/2.2.2.417 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 48

Author(s):

Editor Editor

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Population Regulation ◽

Svalbard Reindeer

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Fertility in female Red deer (Cervus elaphus): the effects of body composition, age and reproductive status

Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1111/j.1469-7998.1986.tb03603.x ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 209 (3) ◽

pp. 447-460 ◽

Cited By ~ 100

Author(s):

S. D. Albon ◽

B. Mitchell ◽

B. J. Huby ◽

D. Brown

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Red Deer ◽

Reproductive Status

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PSI-B-41 Late-Breaking: Effect of age, sex, reproductive status, body composition, and environmental temperature on the basal metabolic rate of working Labrador Retrievers

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.641 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 317-318

Author(s):

Jessica L Varney ◽

Jason W Fowler ◽

Jordan T Weil ◽

Charlene F Watson ◽

Mary Ann Boggess ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Environmental Temperature ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Reproductive Status ◽

Energy Requirements ◽

Linear Relationships ◽

Labrador Retrievers ◽

Effect Of Age

Abstract As the pet industry continues to grow, understanding the needs of different demographics of canines is becoming increasingly important to ensure optimal nutrition. Energy requirements have been shown to vary based on individual factors, but few trials using many dogs under the same controls exist. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of age, sex, reproductive status, body composition, and environmental temperature on the BMR of Labrador Retrievers (Labs). An open-circuit indirect calorimetry machine attached to a chamber was used to determine resting BMR in 96 Labs. Body composition in 33 Labs of varying age was determined using DXA scans to determine effect of lean/fat mass on BMR. Cooling and heating implements were applied to the chamber to determine temperature effect on BMR. Each of the following demographics were compared using a mixed model: male, female, intact, altered, young (6mo-2yo), adult (3-6yo), and senior (7yo+). Mean BMR for all dogs was 130 (27) kcal/kg0.75. Males were significantly higher at 136 (28) kcal/kg0.75 than females at 125 (25) kcal/kg0.75 (P = 0.045). Intact Labs were significantly higher at 121 (3) kcal/kg0.75 compared to altered Labs at 109 (25) kcal/kg0.75 (P < 0.001). Young and adult Labs had BMRs of 136 (19) kcal/kg0.75 and 135 (29) kcal/kg0.75, respectively, which was significantly higher than seniors at 120 (26) kcal/kg0.75. Body composition comparisons showed significant negative linear relationships between BMR and fat mass (P < 0.001) and positive linear relationships between BMR and lean mass (P < 0.001). BMR was found to have a negative linear relationship (R2=0.51) from cool to warm temperatures but was elevated at both cold (< 5°C) and hot (>35°C) temperatures (P < 0.001). The determination of energy requirements found in this study prove useful as the pet industry develops diets specific to the needs of different demographics of canines.

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Body composition and population regulation of Svalbard reindeer

Rangifer ◽

10.7557/2.4.2.499 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 16 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Eigil Reimers

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Population Regulation ◽

Population Control ◽

High Arctic ◽

Lean Tissue ◽

Svalbard Reindeer ◽

Body Reserves

After severe winters, body weight, fat, and lean tissue of the high Arctic Svalbard reindeer may be reduced by 50, 90-97 and 30-40% respectively. Absence of harassment from predators, insects and man allows surviving animals to rapidly restore body reserves during the summer. That accumulation of large pre-winter body reserves is essential, as the reindeer's survival and population control is dependant upon use of winter forage which is resistant to grazing but poor in quality.Kroppssammensetning og bestandsregulering hos svalbardrein.Abstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag: Etter harde vintre kan kroppsvekt, fett og magert vev bli redusert med henholdsvis 50, 90 - 97% henholdsvis. Fravær av forstyrrelser av rovdyr, insekter og mennesker tillater overlevende dyr å fornye sine kroppsreserver raskt gjennom sommeren. Denne akkumulering av store kroppsreserver før vinteren er livsviktig, da reinens overlevelse og bestandskontroll er avhengig av et vinterfor som er motstandsdyktig mot beiting, men er av dårlig kvalitet.Huippuvuorten porojen ruumiinkokoonpano ja eläinkannan säätö.Abstract in Finnish /Yhteenveto: Ankarien talvien jälkeen voi ruumiinpaino, rasva ja laiha kudos vähetä 50, 90-97 ja 30-40 % jokainen erikseen. Petoeläinten, hyönteisten ja ihmisten häiriöiden poisjäädessä on eloonjääneillä eläimillä mahdollisuus uusia nopeasti ruumiin vara-aineet kesän kuluessa. Tamä suurien ruumiin vara-aineiden kasaantuma ennen talvea on elintärkeä, koska porojen eloonjääminen ja eläinkannan valvonta on riippuvainen talvilaitumesta, joka sietää laiduntamisen, vaikka se on huonoa laatua.

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Body composition of muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) and its estimation from condition index and mass measurements

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z95-238 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 73 (11) ◽

pp. 2021-2034 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

J. Z. Adamczewski ◽

P. F. Flood ◽

A. Gunn

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Mass ◽

Rangifer Tarandus ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Condition Index ◽

Ovibos Moschatus ◽

Protein Mass ◽

Svalbard Reindeer ◽

Victoria Island ◽

The Masses

We used data on the anatomical and chemical body composition of 22 muskoxen (7 adult females, 6 subadult females, 2 yearlings, 5 calves, and 2 near-term fetuses) from Victoria Island, Northwest Territories, to evaluate basic patterns of body composition and allometric growth in this species and to assess methods of estimating body composition from mass and index measurements. Ingesta-free body mass (IFBM) ranged from 9 kg in the 2 fetuses to 150 kg in the largest cow, and fatness from 2.0% of IFBM in a newborn calf to 29.0% in a mature cow. The proportion of fat increased most rapidly in muskoxen with IFBM ≥ 100 kg. In the fatter females, about 33% of the fat was intermuscular, 27% subcutaneous, 20% abdominal, and 13% intramuscular. In muskoxen ≥ 3 years old, ingesta accounted for 26.8 ± 1.1% of body mass and pelage for 4–4.5% of IFBM. Muscle mass was best estimated from masses of individual muscles, protein mass from IFBM, bone mass from the masses of limb bones, and ash mass from IFBM. Dissectible and total fat masses were less predictable, and were best estimated by multiple regressions combining kidney fat mass and a measure of body mass with up to three other measurements. Body composition and fat distribution in muskoxen were similar to those in cattle and sheep and the extent of fattening exceeded that reported in wild ruminants except for Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus).

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Body Composition of Female Svalbard Reindeer:The Effects of Age and Reproductive Status

The Biology of Deer ◽

10.1007/978-1-4612-2782-3_57 ◽

1992 ◽

pp. 233-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nicholas J. C. Tyler

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Reproductive Status

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Body composition of Svalbard reindeer

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z82-235 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 60 (8) ◽

pp. 1812-1821 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Eigil Reimers ◽

Tata Ringberg ◽

Rolf Sørumgård

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Late Summer ◽

The Body ◽

Late Winter ◽

Svalbard Reindeer ◽

Linear Relationships ◽

Fat Liver ◽

Free Body ◽

Weight Decrease ◽

Very High

Tissue and (or) chemical body composition was determined in 18 Svalbard reindeer, aged [Formula: see text] months prepartum to [Formula: see text] years, and in mainland Norway reindeer, aged [Formula: see text] months prepartum to [Formula: see text] years. At the end of the growing season, the fat content in the ingesta-free body was very high (27–40%) in Svalbard reindeer. Two mainland yearling males had 4.5% body fat as compared with 27.8% in a Svalbard male yearling. At the end of winter the weight decrease of Svalbard reindeer was close to 50%. The loss of ash, protein, water, and fat from the body was estimated at 16.8, 30.9, 34.3, and 76.3%, respectively. Animals that had starved to death showed an additional weight loss of 8% and a nearly complete loss of fat. Liver content of Fe increased from 97 mg/kg in late summer to 3463 mg/kg in late winter and 5075 mg/kg in animals that had starved to death. There were significant linear relationships between the percent water and percent fat in the ingesta-free body and between the weight of the fat-free and ingesta-free body and the weight of its components, namely water, protein, and ash.

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