scholarly journals MICROCLIMATE PARAMETERS AND VENTILATION INSIDE THE BARNS IN THE LOWLAND REGION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Jovović ◽  
T. Pandurević ◽  
B. Važić ◽  
M. Erbez
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Open Area ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
The Impact

Purpose of this paper is analysis of microclimate parameters in dairy cow barns in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Republic of Srpska), and examine the impact of the ventilation on the microclimate inside the barns. The study included 38 dairy barns in the lowland region of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Republic of Srpska), during the winter season. The following microclimate parameters were measured: air temperature, relative humidity of air, air velocity and concentration of gases (NH3 and CO2). Statistically significant correlations were determined between NH₃ concentration and air temperature (P<0,001) and between temperature and concentration of CO₂ (P<0,05). Also, are established positive and statistical significant correlation between manure gases (NH₃ and CO₂). The research has also shown that the average concentration of CO₂ in relation to the open area in the barn statistically significant (P<0,05).

scholarly journals Impact of CO2 concentration on indoor air quality and correlation with relative humidity and indoor air temperature in school buildings in Serbia

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 297-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Lazovic ◽  
Zarko Stevanovic ◽  
Milena Jovasevic-Stojanovic ◽  
Marija Zivkovic ◽  
Milos Banjac
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Heating Season

Previous studies have shown that poorly ventilated classrooms can have negative impact on the health of children and school staff. In most cases, schools in Serbia are ventilated naturally. Considering their high occupancy, classroom air quality test determines the level of air pollution, after which it is possible to implement corrective measures. The research presented in this study was conducted in four schools which are located in different areas and have different architecture designs. Measurements in these schools have been performed during the winter (heating season) and spring (non-heating season) and the following results were presented: indoor air temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide concentration. These results show that the classroom average concentration of carbon dioxide often exceeds the value of 1500 ppm, during its full occupancy, which indicates inadequate ventilation. Measurement campaigns show that carbon dioxide concentration increased significantly from non-heating to heating season in three of the four schools. Analysis of measurements also determined high correlation between relative humidity and carbon dioxide concentration in all schools in winter season. This fact may constitute a solid basis for the fresh air supply strategy.

Thermal Lethality of Salmonella in Chicken Leg Quarters Processed via an Air/Steam Impingement Oven

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Y. MURPHY ◽  
K. H. DRISCOLL ◽  
L. K. DUNCAN ◽  
T. OSAILI ◽  
J. A. MARCY
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Product Surface ◽  
Cooking Times

Chicken leg quarters were injected with 0.1 ml of the cocktail culture per cm2 of the product surface area to contain about 7 log(CFU/g) of Salmonella. The inoculated leg quarters were processed in an air/steam impingement oven at an air temperature of 232°C, an air velocity of 1.4 m/s, and a relative humidity of 43%. The endpoint product temperatures were correlated with the cooking times. A model was developed for pathogen thermal lethality up to 7 log(CFU/g) reductions of Salmonella in correlation to the product mass (140 to 540 g) and cooking time (5 to 35 min). The results from this study are useful for validating thermal lethality of pathogens in poultry products that are cooked via impingement ovens.

scholarly journals A Study on Suitable Habitat for Swiftlet Farming

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ibrahim S. H. ◽  
Teo W.C. ◽  
Baharun A.
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
New Industry ◽  
Temperature Surface

Swiftlet farming is a new industry in Sarawak as compared to other long-standing industries such as rubber, palm oil and timber. It is one of the businesses that involved a small capital investment that could generate enormous returns in the future. Swiftlet farming involves the conversion of human-centric building into structures for Swiftlet. The purpose of this conversion is to let Swiftlet for nesting and protect them. The design and construction of such building will also helps to accommodate Swiftlets' population. The nest of the Edible-nest Swiftlet rank amongst the world's most expensive animal products. Therefore, in order to increase the productivity of bird nest, study of the suitable habitat for Swiftlet should be done thoroughly. Environmental factors such as air temperature, surface temperature, relative humidity, air velocity and light intensity are the key factors for a successful Swiftlet farm house. Internal air temperature of building should be maintained from 26°C to 35°C, relative humidity from 80% to 90%, low air velocity and light intensity less than 5 LUX. Proper ventilation and installation of a humidifier could help the building to achieve the desirable range of environment factors. Location of structure will also be considered from direct sunlight direction to reduce the internal temperature. Only licensed Swiftlet farming is legal.

Snowpack energy balance and changes in the frequency and extremity of rain-on-snow events in the warming climate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondrej Hotovy ◽  
Michal Jenicek
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Snow Water Equivalent ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
The Future ◽  
Snow Water ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Catchment Runoff

&lt;p&gt;Seasonal snowpack significantly influences the catchment runoff and thus represents an important input for the hydrological cycle. Changes in the precipitation distribution and intensity, as well as a shift from snowfall to rain is expected in the future due to climate changes. As a result, rain-on-snow events, which are considered to be one of the main causes of floods in winter and spring, may occur more frequently. Heat from liquid precipitation constitutes one of the snowpack energy balance components. Consequently, snowmelt and runoff may be strongly affected by these temperature and precipitation changes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The objective of this study is 1) to evaluate the frequency, inter-annual variability and extremity of rain-on-snow events in the past based on existing measurements together with an analysis of changes in the snowpack energy balance, and 2) to simulate the effect of predicted increase in air temperature on the occurrence of rain-on-snow events in the future. We selected 40 near-natural mountain catchments in Czechia with significant snow influence on runoff and with available long-time series (&gt;35 years) of daily hydrological and meteorological variables. A semi-distributed conceptual model, HBV-light, was used to simulate the individual components of the water cycle at a catchment scale. The model was calibrated for each of study catchments by using 100 calibration trials which resulted in respective number of optimized parameter sets. The model performance was evaluated against observed runoff and snow water equivalent. Rain-on-snow events definition by threshold values for air temperature, snow depth, rain intensity and snow water equivalent decrease allowed us to analyze inter-annual variations and trends in rain-on-snow events during the study period 1965-2019 and to explain the role of different catchment attributes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The preliminary results show that a significant change of rain-on-snow events related to increasing air temperature is not clearly evident. Since both air temperature and elevation seem to be an important rain-on-snow drivers, there is an increasing rain-on-snow events occurrence during winter season due to a decrease in snowfall fraction. In contrast, a decrease in total number of events was observed due to the shortening of the period with existing snow cover on the ground. Modelling approach also opened further questions related to model structure and parameterization, specifically how individual model procedures and parameters represent the real natural processes. To understand potential model artefacts might be important when using HBV or similar bucket-type models for impact studies, such as modelling the impact of climate change on catchment runoff.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Odour Emissions of Municipal Waste Biogas Plants—Impact of Technological Factors, Air Temperature and Humidity

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Wiśniewska ◽  
Andrzej Kulig ◽  
Krystyna Lelicińska-Serafin
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Organic Fertiliser ◽  
Individual Measurement ◽  
Technological Factors ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Odour Emissions ◽  
The Impact

Biogas plants processing municipal waste are an important part of a circular economy (energy generation from biogas and organic fertiliser production for the treatment of selectively collected biowaste). However, the technological processes taking place may be associated with odour nuisance. The paper presents the results of pilot research conducted at six municipal waste biogas plants in Poland. It shows the relations between odour intensity and concentration and the occurring meteorological and ambient conditions (air temperature and relative humidity) and technological factors at biogas plants processing municipal waste. The impact of meteorological and ambient conditions was identified by measuring air temperature and relative humidity and observing their changes. The impact of technological factors was identified by measuring odorant concentration (volatile organic compounds and ammonia) and observing their changes between individual measurement series. At most analysed biogas plants, the influence of technological factors on odour emissions took place and was clearly noted. The elements of biogas installations characterised by the highest concentration of these odorants were indicated. Special attention should be paid to the choice of technological solutions and technical and organisational measures to reduce the impact of unfavourable atmospheric conditions on odour emissions.

The impact of draught related to air velocity, air temperature and workload

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Griefahn ◽  
Christa Künemund ◽  
Ulrike Gehring
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
The Impact

Drying of Heavily Salted Fish

1945 ◽  
Vol 6d (5) ◽  
pp. 380-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Linton ◽  
A. L. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Salted Fish

The experimental drying of cut samples and of whole salt fish under various air conditions shows that the optimum air velocity is 100 to 125 cm. per second, air temperature 26 °C, and relative humidity 45 to 55 per cent. High drying potentials inhibit drying owing to the formation of an impervious salt-protein crust on the surface of the fish.The skin surface of the fish dries about 50 to 75 per cent as fast as the split surface. Under the recommended air conditions medium size salt codfish are dried from 130 per cent to 75 per cent, dry basis, moisture in about 40 hours.

Effects of Human Gait on Air Distribution in Contagious Isolation Tent Wards

2013 ◽  
Vol 380-384 ◽  
pp. 1770-1773
Author(s):  
Gao Feng Wei ◽  
Zhan Shu ◽  
Gang Tang
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Air Distribution ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Contaminant Distribution

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of human gait on air distribution in contagious isolation tent wards. The proposed contagious isolate tent wards were designed as the operating room for serious paroxysmal infectious patients. The three dimensions model of contagious isolation tent ward was reconstructed. Then, the computed fluid dynamical (CFD) methods were used to simulate and analyze the air distribution of contagious isolation tent ward. The dynamical meshes technology was employed to simulate the human gait. An experiment was implemented to measure air velocity of the proposed isolate tent ward. The results showed that the human gait motion affects air pressure, air velocity and contaminant distribution, while the impact on air temperature could be ignored. It was concluded that the impact of human gait or movements should be taken into account in air pollution control of contagious isolation tent wards.

scholarly journals Quantifying the impact of heat on human physical work capacity; part II: the observed interaction of air velocity with temperature, humidity, sweat rate, and clothing is not captured by most heat stress indices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh Foster ◽  
James W. Smallcombe ◽  
Simon Hodder ◽  
Ollie Jay ◽  
Andreas D. Flouris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Physical Work Capacity ◽  
Air Movement ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Increasing air movement can alleviate or exacerbate occupational heat strain, but the impact is not well defined across a wide range of hot environments, with different clothing levels. Therefore, we combined a large empirical study with a physical model of human heat transfer to determine the climates where increased air movement (with electric fans) provides effective body cooling. The model allowed us to generate practical advice using a high-resolution matrix of temperature and humidity. The empirical study involved a total of 300 1-h work trials in a variety of environments (35, 40, 45, and 50 °C, with 20 up to 80% relative humidity) with and without simulated wind (3.5 vs 0.2 m∙s−1), and wearing either minimal clothing or a full body work coverall. Our data provides compelling evidence that the impact of fans is strongly determined by air temperature and humidity. When air temperature is ≥ 35 °C, fans are ineffective and potentially harmful when relative humidity is below 50%. Our simulated data also show the climates where high wind/fans are beneficial or harmful, considering heat acclimation, age, and wind speed. Using unified weather indices, the impact of air movement is well captured by the universal thermal climate index, but not by wet-bulb globe temperature and aspirated wet-bulb temperature. Overall, the data from this study can inform new guidance for major public and occupational health agencies, potentially maintaining health and productivity in a warming climate.

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