The Impact on Federal Spending of Allowing the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act to Expire

Scholars have repeatedly shown that female politicians focus more on common good issues such as health care and education than their male counterparts. When men hold the majority of positions of political power these issues may not be raised for debate within government even if women are present. Using a cross-country dataset, this research examines the impact of women in government on public spending on primary education. Specifically, it explores whether it is enough for women to be represented in government, or if they must have a position of power to effect policy outcomes. The analysis results indicate that both women’s simple representation and power representation are significantly positively correlated with increases in federal spending on primary education; however, when women hold positions of political power there is a greater impact on funding than when they simply hold a seat in the legislature.

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Climate change and fl ood insurance in Germany, Great Britain and Serbia

XX Savetovanje ◽

10.46793/xxsav21.006j ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Slobodan Jovanovic ◽

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Great Britain ◽

Insurance Premium ◽

Point Of View ◽

Prevention Measures ◽

Natural Risk ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Risk Insurance ◽

The Impact ◽

High Winds

In this paper, the author analyzes the organization of fl ood risk insurance, the risk which signifi cantly deteriorates due to climate change in Germany, the United Kingdom and Serbia. Th e author used selected studies and works, national legislation, insurance conditions and materials of specialized organizations. Climate change signifi cantly aff ects the frequency and severity of the harmful consequences of fl ood risks, which, due to their catastrophic consequences and territorial exposure, require more effi cient prevention measures and the design of their insurance. Floods are increasingly occurring as a result of heavy rainfall and high winds that simultaneously enhance their harmful potential. Th erefore, insurers cannot ignore the impact of climate change on the conditions for taking risks, determining the insurance premium, excesses and all other aspects related to these risks. From the point of view of risk assessment and selection techniques, the principle of fl ood insurability will certainly be applied in the future. Th erefore, refraining insurers from insuring those risks where the recurrence of fl oods is more frequent than a certain number of years (fi ve or ten years), based on the historical development of claims or classifi cation of zones into the danger class with increased frequency, will certainly pose a problem for policyholders. In Germany, fl ood risk cover is provided similarly to a number of Serbian insurers, ie. as an additional risk to basic property risks. However, the German insurance practice provides an opportunity to insure a number of other natural risks as a supplementary risk in the form of a natural risk package. It should be pointed out that there are also insurers in Serbia, whose policy terms regarding the cover scope more or less coincide with the insurance of named risks in Great Britain. Th ese are insurance conditions that represent an extension of the so-called traditional insurance of named fi re risks, which certainly represents a good step in the direction of modernizing the household insurance conditions in Serbia.

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Protecting Corporate America from Bioterrorism and Epidemics After the Sunset of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act

Biosecurity and Bioterrorism Biodefense Strategy Practice and Science ◽

10.1089/bsp.2005.3.148 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 148-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Misha Segal ◽

Shelley A. Hearne

Keyword(s):

Corporate America ◽

Terrorism Risk ◽

Risk Insurance

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How much do means-tested benefits reduce the demand for annuities?

Journal of Pension Economics and Finance ◽

10.1017/s1474747216000081 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 419-449 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

MONIKA BÜTLER ◽

KIM PEIJNENBURG ◽

STEFAN STAUBLI

Keyword(s):

Longevity Risk ◽

Occupational Pension ◽

Life Cycle Model ◽

Cycle Model ◽

Retirement Benefits ◽

Trade Off ◽

Administrative Dataset ◽

Risk Insurance ◽

The Impact ◽

Pension Wealth

AbstractMeans-tested retirement benefits create incentives to cash out pension wealth. Individuals trade off the advantages from annuitization, receiving longevity risk insurance, to the disadvantages, giving up ‘free’ wealth in the form of means-tested supplemental income. We quantify the impact of means-tested benefits with a calibrated life-cycle model, demonstrating that they substantially reduce the desire to annuitize especially for low and intermediate levels of pension wealth. Using an administrative dataset on pension choices, we show that the model's predicted fraction of retirees choosing the annuity is able to match the annuitization pattern of occupational pension wealth observed in Switzerland. On the base of our model, we also assess alternative policies such as mandatory annutization and tougher asset tests.

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The impact of the obstetrical risk insurance scheme in Mauritania on maternal healthcare utilization: a propensity score matching analysis

Health Policy and Planning ◽

10.1093/heapol/czz150 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 388-398 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marion Ravit ◽

Andrainolo Ravalihasy ◽

Martine Audibert ◽

Valéry Ridde ◽

Emmanuel Bonnet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Propensity Score ◽

Propensity Score Matching ◽

Neonatal Mortality ◽

Estimation Method ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

Child Health Services ◽

Public Healthcare ◽

Payment Scheme ◽

Risk Insurance ◽

The Impact

Abstract In Mauritania, obstetrical risk insurance (ORI) has been progressively implemented at the health district level since 2002 and was available in 25% of public healthcare facilities in 2015. The ORI scheme is based on pre-payment scheme principles and focuses on increasing the quality of and access to both maternal and perinatal healthcare. Compared with many community-based health insurance schemes, the ORI scheme is original because it is not based on risk pooling. For a pre-payment of 16–18 USD, women are covered during their pregnancy for antenatal care, skilled delivery, emergency obstetrical care [including caesarean section (C-section) and transfer] and a postnatal visit. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of ORI enrolment on maternal and child health services using data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) conducted in 2015. A total of 4172 women who delivered within the last 2 years before the interview were analysed. The effect of ORI enrolment on the outcomes was estimated using a propensity score matching estimation method. Fifty-eight per cent of the studied women were aware of ORI, and among these women, more than two-thirds were enrolled. ORI had a beneficial effect among the enrolled women by increasing the probability of having at least one prenatal visit by 13%, the probability of having four or more visits by 11% and the probability of giving birth at a healthcare facility by 15%. However, we found no effect on postnatal care (PNC), C-section rates or neonatal mortality. This study provides evidence that a voluntary pre-payment scheme focusing on pregnant women improves healthcare services utilization during pregnancy and delivery. However, no effect was found on PNC or neonatal mortality. Some efforts should be exerted to improve communication and accessibility to ORI.

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Insurance of Entrepreneurial Risks As a Factor in the Development of the Russian Economy

Auditor ◽

10.12737/1998-0701-2020-53-58 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 53-58

Author(s):

Andrey Grafov ◽

Sergei Guskov ◽

E. Kukina

Keyword(s):

Insurance Market ◽

Business Risk ◽

Russian Economy ◽

Risk Insurance ◽

The Impact

This article is devoted to the study of the role of business risk insurance in the development of the Russian economy. The article deals with such issues as the nature of insurance risks, methods of minimizing business risks, and the impact of insurance of business risks on the Russian economy. Th e analysis of the business risk insurance market in the Lipetsk region is carried out.

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Libya will fuel North Africa terrorism risk

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db210012 ◽

2016 ◽

Keyword(s):

North Africa ◽

Islamic State ◽

Military Operations ◽

Peace Agreement ◽

Content Type ◽

Terrorism Risk ◽

Local Resources ◽

Will Force ◽

State Group ◽

The Impact

Subject Effect of Libya on North Africa Significance The inability to produce a peace agreement in Libya and the prospect of a foreign intervention to counter the spread of Islamic State group (ISG) in the country raises questions on the impact this could have on Libya's North African neighbours. Impacts Military pressure on ISG in Libya will motivate the group to strike targets abroad to demonstrate its capabilities. ISG could use more sophisticated weapons against potential Western airstrikes and military operations. Insecurity in Libya will force its neighbours to maintain high levels of military spending at a time of lower government revenues. An influx of refugees into Tunisian and Algerian border areas could strain local resources.

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