scholarly journals Cognitive status and referential acts in functional discourse grammar

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (23) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Daniel García Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Verbal Interaction ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Full Account ◽  
Linguistic Description ◽  
Temporal Sequencing ◽  
Discourse Grammar ◽  
Linguistic Structures ◽  
Interpersonal Level ◽  
Do So

In Functional Discourse Grammar, both Ascription and Reference are characterized as actional processes and are captured at the Interpersonal Level of linguistic description. Additionally, the temporal sequencing of Discourse Acts seems relevant to establishing dependency relations among them. However, the remainder of the levels of representation in the theory contain static descriptions of linguistic structures and not of processes. In this paper, I will argue that this is the result of an inherent contradiction between FDG’s characterization as a static grammar and the dynamicity of verbal interaction, which is best solved if the theory commits itself to the procedural nature of the Interpersonal Level. In order to do so, the different categories that have been identified in the literature on the cognitive status of referents should find relevance in the grammar. Elaborating upon García Velasco (2014), I will show that the temporal dimension of the text creating activity and referent accessibility, are relevant for a full account of constituent preposing in Spanish.

scholarly journals Mirativity in Mandarin: The Sentence-Final Particle Le (了)

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 589-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongmei Fang
Keyword(s):  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Final Particle ◽  
Discourse Grammar ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Interpersonal Level

Abstract Mirativity is a distinct grammatical category. In the literature, no mirative marker has been identified so far in Mandarin Chinese. This paper aims to argue that Mandarin Chinese is a language that has grammatical means of expressing mirativity. The sentence-final particle le (SF le) in Mandarin is a mirative marker in its own right. It encodes the information as newsworthy or surprising and occurs with different time references and Illocutions. Based on the data from SF le, this paper extends the definition of mirativity given by Hengeveld & Olbertz (2012) by proposing that mirativity can not only be targeted towards either the speaker or the addressee, but also towards both. Lastly, it is argued that mirativity should be accounted for at the layer of Communicated Content at the Interpersonal Level in Functional Discourse Grammar.

scholarly journals On Integrating Size and Shape Distributions into a Spatio-Temporal Information Entropy Framework

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier G. Leibovici ◽  
Christophe Claramunt
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Temporal Information ◽  
Biomedical Signal Processing ◽  
Permutation Entropy ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Analysis Framework ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Biomedical Signal ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Do So

Understanding the structuration of spatio-temporal information is a common endeavour to many disciplines and application domains, e.g., geography, ecology, urban planning, epidemiology. Revealing the processes involved, in relation to one or more phenomena, is often the first step before elaborating spatial functioning theories and specific planning actions, e.g., epidemiological modelling, urban planning. To do so, the spatio-temporal distributions of meaningful variables from a decision-making viewpoint, can be explored, analysed separately or jointly from an information viewpoint. Using metrics based on the measure of entropy has a long practice in these domains with the aim of quantification of how uniform the distributions are. However, the level of embedding of the spatio-temporal dimension in the metrics used is often minimal. This paper borrows from the landscape ecology concept of patch size distribution and the approach of permutation entropy used in biomedical signal processing to derive a spatio-temporal entropy analysis framework for categorical variables. The framework is based on a spatio-temporal structuration of the information allowing to use a decomposition of the Shannon entropy which can also embrace some existing spatial or temporal entropy indices to reinforce the spatio-temporal structuration. Multiway correspondence analysis is coupled to the decomposition entropy to propose further decomposition and entropy quantification of the spatio-temporal structuring information. The flexibility from these different choices, including geographic scales, allows for a range of domains to take into account domain specifics of the data; some of which are explored on a dataset linked to climate change and evolution of land cover types in Nordic areas.

scholarly journals Activation and the relation between context and grammar

Pragmatics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel García Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representation ◽  
General Property ◽  
Verbal Interaction ◽  
Linguistic Expression ◽  
Linguistic Information ◽  
Systematic Effects ◽  
Discourse Grammar ◽  
Linguistic Usage ◽  
Subject Raising

Functional Discourse Grammar is characterized as the grammatical component of a wider theory of verbal interaction and is linked to two adjacent components: The Conceptual and the Contextual Components. One general property of these components is that they are not open-ended, but are said to contain only that extra-linguistic information which is relevant for the construction and interpretation of the immediate linguistic expression. In this contribution I explore the relation between context and grammar and I conclude that the FDG’s requirement that the Contextual Component should only contain those features which have a systematic impact on grammar is too strict. In particular, I claim that the Contextual Component is relevant in linguistic usage through speakers’ mental representation of its contents, which could be captured in the Conceptual Component. I further argue that the notions of ‘activation’ and ‘sharedness’ are relevant to understanding the motivation of two syntactic processes, subject raising and extraction from NPs, and should therefore find a place in the model even if they do not always lead to systematic effects. It is finally proposed that these pragmatic dimensions could find their way into the grammar by means of unmarked pragmatic configurations or content frames.

Culture, Free Movement, and Open Borders

2010 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patti Tamara Lenard
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Preservation ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
Full Account ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Open Borders ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Exclusive Focus ◽  
Do So

AbstractCommunitarians are derided for their commitment to closed borders. According to their critics, if we balance the claims of cultural preservation (deployed primarily by wealthy countries) against the claims of economic betterment (deployed primarily by the very poor), the correct moral ordering will prioritize the claims of economic betterment, and thus support claims for open borders over closed borders. Yet, this standard way of framing the debate ignores the deep connection between cultural claims and freedom of movement. In the near-exclusive focus on the relationship between cultural preservation and the alleged importance of closed borders, free movement advocates have lost sight of how frequently culture bolsters claims in favor of freedom of movement. I argue that cultural claims should not be ignored in discussions of free movement. To do so fails to give a full account of the reasons we have to favor free movement, oftentimes across borders.

scholarly journals The Quality of Deliberation in Two Committees of the European Parliament: The Neglected Influence of the Situational Context and the Policymaking Stage

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léa Roger ◽  
Gary S. Schaal
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Situational Variables ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Multidimensional Concept ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Do So

In our paper we try to answer two empirical research questions. First, we assess the deliberative quality of discussions in two committees of the EU Parliament. In order to do so, we use a slightly revised version of the DQI. Second, we identify and empirically measure those variables that systematically influence the quality of deliberation in interviews with debate actors. We argue that the quality of deliberation in EU committees is influenced by two normative values: deliberation (common good orientation) and responsiveness (particular interest orientation), with the guiding value determined by the particular situation. Using a multidimensional concept of deliberation, we empirically test the impact of situational variables on specific aspects of deliberative quality. In addition, we take into account the temporal dimension of deliberation.

scholarly journals Grammar, context and the hearer

Pragmatics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Giomi
Keyword(s):  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
Verbal Interaction ◽  
Crucial Aspect ◽  
Discourse Grammar ◽  
Shed Light

This paper addresses two issues related to the overarching question of how to integrate Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG) into a wider theory of verbal interaction (Hengeveld and Mackenzie 2008: 1). First, it proposes an addressee-oriented version of the Grammatical Component, presenting a first attempt to develop an FDG account of language comprehension; second, it aims to shed light on the interaction between the Grammatical and Contextual Components of FDG by exploring this crucial aspect of verbal communication from the perspective of the addressee.

GIS and Spatial Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Andresen
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Spatial Representation ◽  
Environmental Criminology ◽  
Event Data ◽  
Crime Mapping ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Census Tracts ◽  
Street Segments ◽  
Do So

The importance of spatial-temporal dimension(s) within environmental criminology has made the use and applications of geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial analysis rather widespread. This chapter covers some of the principles and advancements in the use of crime mapping and spatial analysis to study the spatial distribution of crime, primarily through the lens of environmental criminology. Crime mapping is defined as the spatial representation of crime (in the context of criminal events) on a map. Consequently, in order to do so, one must have geographic coordinates for each criminal event to place it on a map. There are three primary ways in which spatially referenced data can be presented: points, lines, and areas. Most often, criminal event data are represented as points (dot maps) or areas (census tracts or neighborhoods, for example), but maps considering lines (street segments) are becoming more commonplace.

Toward a Better Understanding of Behavioral Ethics in the Workplace

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 369-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
David De Cremer ◽  
Celia Moore
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Behavioral Ethics ◽  
Traditional Work ◽  
Interpersonal Level ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Do So

The emerging field of behavioral ethics has attracted much attention from scholars across a range of different disciplines, including social psychology, management, behavioral economics, and law. However, how behavioral ethics is situated in relation to more traditional work on business ethics within organizational behavior (OB) has not really been discussed yet. Our primary objective is to bridge the different literatures on ethics within the broad field of OB, and we suggest a full-fledged approach that we refer to as behavioral business ethics. To do so, we review the foundations and research foci of business ethics and behavioral ethics. We structure our review on three levels: the intrapersonal level, interpersonal level, and organizational level. For each level, we provide relevant research examples and outline where more research efforts are needed. We conclude by recommending future research opportunities relevant to behavioral business ethics and discuss its practical implications.

scholarly journals Gesture, sign, and language: The coming of age of sign language and gesture studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Goldin-Meadow ◽  
Diane Brentari
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Gesture Studies ◽  
The One ◽  
Linguistic Structures ◽  
Do So

AbstractHow does sign language compare with gesture, on the one hand, and spoken language on the other? Sign was once viewed as nothing more than a system of pictorial gestures without linguistic structure. More recently, researchers have argued that sign is no different from spoken language, with all of the same linguistic structures. The pendulum is currently swinging back toward the view that sign is gestural, or at least has gestural components. The goal of this review is to elucidate the relationships among sign language, gesture, and spoken language. We do so by taking a close look not only at how sign has been studied over the past 50 years, but also at how the spontaneous gestures that accompany speech have been studied. We conclude that signers gesture just as speakers do. Both produce imagistic gestures along with more categorical signs or words. Because at present it is difficult to tell where sign stops and gesture begins, we suggest that sign should not be compared with speech alone but should be compared with speech-plus-gesture. Although it might be easier (and, in some cases, preferable) to blur the distinction between sign and gesture, we argue that distinguishing between sign (or speech) and gesture is essential to predict certain types of learning and allows us to understand the conditions under which gesture takes on properties of sign, and speech takes on properties of gesture. We end by calling for new technology that may help us better calibrate the borders between sign and gesture.

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