scholarly journals Grammar, context and the hearer

Pragmatics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Giomi
Keyword(s):  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
Verbal Interaction ◽  
Crucial Aspect ◽  
Discourse Grammar ◽  
Shed Light

This paper addresses two issues related to the overarching question of how to integrate Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG) into a wider theory of verbal interaction (Hengeveld and Mackenzie 2008: 1). First, it proposes an addressee-oriented version of the Grammatical Component, presenting a first attempt to develop an FDG account of language comprehension; second, it aims to shed light on the interaction between the Grammatical and Contextual Components of FDG by exploring this crucial aspect of verbal communication from the perspective of the addressee.

Negotiating Underwater Space: The Sensorium, the Body and the Practice of Scuba-diving

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Merchant
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Scuba Diving ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Gravitational Pull ◽  
Ways Of Being ◽  
And Training ◽  
Shed Light

The desire to escape from land-based bodily constraints, to become enchanted by the spectacle of technicolour reefs, sunken ships and otherworldly creatures, is growing in popularity despite the expense and training required to explore the ocean depths. This dense water world, where a person’s resistance to gravitational pull results in differing feelings of weightlessness, where sound travels about five times faster yet more unevenly than in air, and where verbal communication is impractical such that visual cues are necessary, calls for a different ‘way of being’ to the everyday spaces of the home or the workplace. It is these different ways of being and feeling that I explore in this paper. To do this I present a sensual phenomenology that pays particular attention to the reorganization of the sensoria of a group of novice divers as they start to gain an awareness of the different perceptual means by which they move through and sense underwater space. The paper concludes by highlighting that phenomenological accounts of tourist space can shed light on the intricacies of tourists’ lived experiences, which in turn could prove useful in the structure and organization of tourist activities.

Cognitive precursors of receptive vs. expressive language

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Smolak
Keyword(s):  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Object Permanence ◽  
Verbal Interaction ◽  
Comprehension Development ◽  
Cognitive Precursors ◽  
Expressive Language Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTAlthough cognitive precursors of language production have received considerable attention, the relationship of cognitive development to language comprehension development remains unexplored. In the present research, the relationship of object permanence and classification skills to receptive, as well as expressive, language development was investigated in infants between 0; 9 and 1; 3. Results indicated that object permanence, classification, and parent–child verbal interaction ratings were about equally related to language comprehension functioning. No prerequisite stage of object permanence functioning could be discerned. On the other hand, object permanence was more strongly related to language production than were classification and verbal interaction. Furthermore, it appeared that a minimum of Stage 5 object permanence functioning was necessary prior to the onset of language production.

Can Cheap Talk Deter?

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 996-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin H. Tingley ◽  
Barbara F. Walter
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Cheap Talk ◽  
Strategic Interaction ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
Entry Deterrence ◽  
Potential Importance ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Shed Light

What effect does cheap talk have on behavior in an entry-deterrence game? We shed light on this question using incentivized laboratory experiments of the strategic interaction between defenders and potential entrants. Our results suggest that cheap talk can have a substantial impact on the behavior of both the target and the speaker. By sending costless threats to potential entrants, defenders are able to deter opponents in early periods of play. Moreover, after issuing threats, defenders become more eager to fight. We offer a number of different explanations for this behavior. These results bring fresh evidence about the potential importance of costless verbal communication to the field of international relations.

scholarly journals ABOUT THE CURRENCY OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE MODERN SOCIETY

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
Verbal Interaction ◽  
Level Of Understanding

The article considers the features of non-verbal communication under the conditions of the modern society The forms of non-verbal communication include paralysis, eye contact, facial expression, posture, gestures, touches, proximics, clothes, etc. Although non-verbal forms of communication are mostly of a subconscious nature, they can be used to convey information of any importance . With the help of non-verbal signals, our communication can become complicated and reach a level of understanding that is not available for verbal communication. The authors come to the conclusion that the role of non-verbal interaction in communication increases.

scholarly journals The Use of Hyperscanning to Investigate the Role of Social, Affective, and Informative Gestures in Non-Verbal Communication. Electrophysiological (EEG) and Inter-Brain Connectivity Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Balconi ◽  
Giulia Fronda
Keyword(s):  
Joint Action ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Alpha Activity ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
Verbal Interaction ◽  
Body Movements ◽  
The Right

Communication can be considered as a joint action that involves two or more individuals transmitting different information. In particular, non-verbal communication involves body movements used to communicate different information, characterized by the use of specific gestures. The present study aims to investigate the electrophysiological (EEG) correlates underlying the use of affective, social, and informative gestures during a non-verbal interaction between an encoder and decoder. From the results of the single brain and inter-brain analyses, an increase of frontal alpha, delta, and theta brain responsiveness and inter-brain connectivity emerged for affective and social gestures; while, for informative gestures, an increase of parietal alpha brain responsiveness and alpha, delta, and theta inter-brain connectivity was observed. Regarding the inter-agents’ role, an increase of frontal alpha activity was observed in the encoder compared to the decoder for social and affective gestures. Finally, regarding gesture valence, an increase of theta brain responsiveness and theta and beta inter-brain connectivity was observed for positive gestures on the left side compared to the right one. This study, therefore, revealed the function of the gesture type and valence in influencing individuals’ brain responsiveness and inter-brain connectivity, showing the presence of resonance mechanisms underlying gesture execution and observation.

Telling Something we can't Know: Experimental Approaches to Verbs Exhibiting Implicit Causality

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 262-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven B. Greene ◽  
Gail McKoon
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Grammatical Subject ◽  
On Line ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Implicit Causality ◽  
Shed Light

An interpersonal verb such as annoy or admire can be categorized according to whether its grammatical subject or grammatical object initiates the interaction described by the verb Such a verb can also be categorized according to whether a derived adjective describes its grammatical subject (e g, annoying) or its grammatical object (e g, admirable) Although there has been much speculation (e g, Brown & Fish, 1983) that these and other characteristics of these verbs shed light on basic principles of human social interaction, we argue that research to date has failed to demonstrate directly any real-time consequences of these verbs during language comprehension We present evidence that the initiating-reacting distinction predicts on-line changes in the accessibility of these verbs' arguments, but that the existence of a derived adjective does not We conclude that tasks that question subjects explicitly about language may fail to reflect the ordinary processes of language comprehension

scholarly journals Activation and the relation between context and grammar

Pragmatics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel García Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representation ◽  
General Property ◽  
Verbal Interaction ◽  
Linguistic Expression ◽  
Linguistic Information ◽  
Systematic Effects ◽  
Discourse Grammar ◽  
Linguistic Usage ◽  
Subject Raising

Functional Discourse Grammar is characterized as the grammatical component of a wider theory of verbal interaction and is linked to two adjacent components: The Conceptual and the Contextual Components. One general property of these components is that they are not open-ended, but are said to contain only that extra-linguistic information which is relevant for the construction and interpretation of the immediate linguistic expression. In this contribution I explore the relation between context and grammar and I conclude that the FDG’s requirement that the Contextual Component should only contain those features which have a systematic impact on grammar is too strict. In particular, I claim that the Contextual Component is relevant in linguistic usage through speakers’ mental representation of its contents, which could be captured in the Conceptual Component. I further argue that the notions of ‘activation’ and ‘sharedness’ are relevant to understanding the motivation of two syntactic processes, subject raising and extraction from NPs, and should therefore find a place in the model even if they do not always lead to systematic effects. It is finally proposed that these pragmatic dimensions could find their way into the grammar by means of unmarked pragmatic configurations or content frames.

Knowledge artifacts: the implications of incommensurable dimensions for their design

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-147
Author(s):  
Carla Simone
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Crucial Aspect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Conceptual Foundations ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Empirical Investigations ◽  
The Way

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to overcome the confusion generated by a loose definition of the term knowledge artifact (KA) and its impacts on the design of technologies supporting their use. Design/methodology/approach The paper looks at the conceptual foundations underpinning the concept of KA that are related to the way in which knowledge is conceived, and revisits the outcomes of empirical investigations to shed light on different aspects of the use of KA in various settings. Findings The paper identifies a class of KAs and its role in relation to other classes of KAs, as it emerges from the empirical investigations. Research limitations/implications The focus is on documental artifacts that are, however, widely used in different domains and organizations. New empirical work is needed to consider other kinds of artifacts and their role in knowledge-intense activities. Practical implications The paper aims to drive the attention of the designer on phenomena that hinder the acceptance, appropriation and effectiveness of the technologies they design to support a crucial aspect of collaboration. Originality/value The paper is original in the following ways: first, documenting the interplay between a kind of KA that is poorly considered in the literature with other classes of KAs; second, highlighting a set of principles that should guide the construction of computational KAs of a different nature.

scholarly journals Metaphorical “networks” and verbal communication: A semiotic perspective of human discourse

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-364
Author(s):  
Marcel Danesi
Keyword(s):  
Speech Act ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
Verbal Interaction ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Basic Finding ◽  
Semiotic Perspective ◽  
Verbal Messages ◽  
Meaningful Text ◽  
Verbal Discourse

This paper presents the notion that verbal discourse is structured, in form and contents, by metaphorical reasoning. It discusses the concept of “metaphorical network” as a framework for relating the parts of a speech act to each other, since such an act seems to cohere into a meaningful text on the basis of “domains” that deliver common concepts. The basic finding of several research projects on this concept suggest that source domains allow speakers to derive sense from a verbal interaction because they interconnect the topic of discussion to culturally-meaningful images and ideas. This suggests, in turn, that language is intertwined with nonverbal systems of meaning, reflecting them in the contents of verbal messages. Overall, the concept of metaphorical networks implies that human cognition is highly associative in structure.

‘Verbal Strategies’ Used by Occupational Therapists in Direct Client Encounters

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Allison ◽  
Jenny Strong
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
Verbal Interaction ◽  
Communication Accommodation ◽  
Communicative Efficiency ◽  
Therapy Interventions ◽  
Occupational Therapy Interventions ◽  
Verbal Strategies

Verbal interaction with clients is a major component of most occupational therapy interventions, yet there is a paucity of occupational therapy literature which has examined the ways therapists use verbal communication in practice. Communication accommodation is a verbal stance in which the speaker appropriately attunes his or her interaction in response to another person in order to enhance relationships and increase communicative efficiency. In this qualitative study the awareness of a group of occupational therapists regarding the use of communication accommodation was examined. Methods by which they determined the need to accommodate their speech and specific accommodation strategies they used in verbal interaction with clients were recorded.

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