scholarly journals The influence of chitin-urea amendments applied to an organic soil on a Meloidogyne hapla population and on the growth of greenhouse tomato

2005 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bélair ◽  
N. Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Dosage Effect ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Amended Soils ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Leaf Tissues

This experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the efficiency of chitin-urea amendments to an organic soil against a Quebec population of the northern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla) and to assess the pathogenicity of this population on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Chitin-urea amendments at 0.2 and 0.4% (vol:vol) were ineffective in reducing the preplant nematode populations. The final M. hapla egg populations were significantly increased in chitin-urea amended soils, and a signifiant positive dosage effect was recorded. Shoot growth of tomato plants was significantly reduced by M. hapla but was increased by chitin-urea. At harvest, fruit weights were neither affected by M. hapla nor by chitin-urea amendments. The final M. hapla egg population was linked to lower N and P levels, and to higher Ca levels in leaf tissues.

scholarly journals Fate of nitrogen-15 in the subsequent growing season of greenhouse tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) as influenced by alternate partial root-zone irrigation

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (55) ◽  
pp. 34392-34400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maomao Hou ◽  
Fenglin Zhong ◽  
Qiu Jin ◽  
Enjiang Liu ◽  
Jie Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Residual Nitrogen ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽  
Crop Uptake ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
Fate Of Nitrogen

Alternate partial root-zone irrigation has profound impacts on the crop uptake of residual nitrogen originated from the previous season.

scholarly journals Host Status of Lisianthus `Mariachi Lime Green' for Three Species of Root-knot Nematodes

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schochow ◽  
Steven A. Tjosvold ◽  
Antoon T. Ploeg
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Eustoma Grandiflorum ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Host Status

Lisianthus [Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.] plants were grown in soil infested with increasing densities of Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, M. incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood, or M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood, root-knot nematodes. Compared to tomato plants grown in soil with the same nematode numbers and species, lisianthus had less severe root symptoms, suffered less damage, and resulted in lower nematode multiplication rates. Lisianthus was a better host for M. javanica than for M. incognita, and a poor host for M. hapla. Lisianthus shoot weights were significantly reduced after inoculation with M. javanica or M. hapla, but not after M. incognita inoculation. The number of flowers produced per lisianthus plant was reduced by all three nematode species. The results show that the root-knot nematode species that are most common in California may cause significant damage in the cut-flower production of lisianthus.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield of Tomato Plants in Response to Age of Transplants

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel I. Leskovar ◽  
Daniel J. Cantliffe ◽  
Peter J. Stoffella
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Over Time

Studies were conducted to evaluate growth of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transplants in the field in response to age of transplants in Spring and Fall 1989. Transplants were 2 (2W), 3 (3W), 4 (4W), 5 (SW), or 6 (6W) weeks old. Drip and subseepage irrigation were used. In spring, older transplants produced more shoot and root growth up to 2 (T2) weeks after transplanting. At 3 (T3) and 4 (T4) weeks after transplanting, there were no differences between 4W, 5W, and 6W transplants. These trends were independent of irrigation systems. Total yield and early yield were similar for all transplant ages. In fall, shoot growth increased linearly with increasing transplant age at TO, but not thereafter. Chlorophyll a + b increased over time, but no treatment differences were found at T4. At planting, 2W transplants had a higher Chl a: b ratio than older transplants. This difference was reduced at T1 and T2 and became insignificant at T4. These results indicate that no improvement in yields was obtained using the traditional older transplants. Younger transplants might be used to achieve rapid seedling establishment with-minimal transplant production costs.

scholarly journals Nematocid effects of watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Zahradníková ◽  
Kristína Petříková
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Nasturtium Officinale ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Leaf Vegetable

The watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) is often grown as a forced leaf vegetable rich in vitamins and minerals. Its specific taste and curative effects result from the presence of mustard glycosides (glucosinolates) that may also show nematocidic effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of watercress eluate and juice on tomato plants inoculated with the northern root-knot nematode (NRKN) Meloidogyne hapla. It was found out that after the treatment of plants with solutions derived from watercress the yield of fruit was highly significantly increased. The highest yield increase (by 96 % to 165 %) was observed in the variant with the highest concentration of watercress extracts (macerate + 200 ml of juice). Although at lower concentrations of watercress solution the increase in yields was also reduced (by 57–118 %), the difference was still statistically highly significant. The effect of this treatment on the content of vitamin C was similar and the increase was also highly significant and ranged from 24 to 67 %. When evaluating the occurrence of nematodes on roots of tomato plants, the presence of pathogens was equal to zero percent in all treated variants. The treatment with this phyto-solution corroborated not only a nematocidic effect of watercress but also its positive influence on the yield and level of vitamin C in dependence on increasing concentrations of the effective agent. It can be therefore concluded that the watercress solution showed a promoting effect on tomato plants.

Evaluation of Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251 for the biological control of the northern root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood

Nematology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Kiewnick ◽  
Richard A. Sikora
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Inoculum Density ◽  
Paecilomyces Lilacinus ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
High Inoculum ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Biocontrol Activity

Abstract The egg-pathogenic fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251 (PL215) was investigated under different temperature regimes for biocontrol activity against the northern root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla. Biocontrol activity by PL251 was affected by temperature and initial nematode inoculum density. At 20/23°C (night/day) control efficacy reached 71% at a high inoculum density of 10 000 eggs and juveniles (E + J) per 500 cm3 compared to 65% control at the lower inoculum density (5000 E + J/500 cm3). By contrast, average efficacy was 5% and 46% at low and high inoculum levels, respectively, when temperatures were between 19°C and 21°C (night/day). A significant interaction between the factors inoculum density and treatment with PL251 was observed at low temperatures, when only few M. hapla galls and egg masses developed after inoculation with 5000 E + J/500 cm3. When the temperature was favourable for the fungal parasite (25°C), efficacy reached 90%. In glasshouse experiments with unfavourable temperatures for M. hapla development (25°C-33°C), tomato plants repeatedly treated with PL251 showed significantly higher fruit yield (23-102%).

scholarly journals Using Crop Rotation to Control Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood and Improve Marketable Carrot Yield

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bélair ◽  
L.E. Parent
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
The Third ◽  
Randomized Block Design

The influence of various crop rotations on population densities of Meloidogyne hapla, the northern root-knot nematode, and subsequent carrot yields was studied in organic soil under field conditions. Seven 3-year sequences with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), carrot (Daucus carota L.), onion (Allium cepa L.), or weedy fallow, all with carrot as the third-year crop, were replicated six times in a completely randomized block design. Carrot monoculture, two seasons of weedy fallow, or carrot followed by onion resulted in high M. hapla population densities and severe root damage on carrot the third year. Barley followed by onion or onion followed by barley harbored low M. hapla population densities and provided the highest yields, with 56.8 and 47.2 t marketable carrots/ha, respectively, compared to 2.2 t·ha–1 in the carrot monoculture. A single crop of barley reduced nematode population densities and provided 88% and 73% marketable carrot roots in the subsequent years. High M. hapla population densities and the high proportion of culls recorded in plots in weed fallow emphasize the importance of an effective weed management program for successfully using crop rotation against root-knot nematode in muck-grown carrot.

NONFUMIGANT NEMATICIDES FOR CONTROL OF NORTHERN ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE IN MUCK-GROWN CARROTS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. BELAIR
Keyword(s):  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Nematode Control ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Application Method

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of rate and application method on the effectiveness of nonfumigant nematicides to protect carrot roots (Daucus carota L.) against Meloidogyne hapla, Chitwood, in organic soil. Carbamate compounds, aldicarb and oxamyl, provided better protection to carrot roots than organophosphorus, phenamiphos and terbufos compounds. In-furrow application of granular nematicides at the rate of 1.5 kg a.i./ha was more effective than band and broadcast incorporation at a rate of 6 kg a.i./ha. The standard control method with the fumigant, 1,3-dichloropropene, offered the best nematode control and the highest marketable yields.Key words: Daucus carota, Meloidogyne hapla

WINTER SURVIVAL OF THE NORTHERN ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE Meloidogyne hapla IN ORGANIC SOIL

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. BELAIR
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Winter Snow ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

The influence of nematode developmental stage, soil depth and winter snow cover on the survival of Meloidogyne hapla in southwestern Quebec’s organic soil was investigated. Eggs and larvae from field-reared populations of M. hapla exhibited a higher survival rate than greenhouse populations at all depths. Winter killing was more severe in the upper layer (0–10 cm) in both years of the experiment. Snow covering buffered temperature variations at all soil depths and increased overwintering of M. hapla.Key words: Meloidogyne hapla, survival, organic soil

scholarly journals Seasonal and vertical distribution of Meloidogyne hapla in organic soil

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bélair
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Roots

The seasonal population fluctuations of the northern root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla on car rot (Daucus carota), onion (Allium cepa), and weeds were observed on organic soils in southwestern Quebec. Lowest population densities of M. hapla juveniles (J2) were recorded in July and August, followed by a peak in September and October in plots with carrot or weedy fallow. In onion, J2 densities remained near or below the detectable level during most of the sampling period, but a small trend in population increase was also detected in the fall. The vertical distribution of M. hapla was similar in carrot weedy fallow, and onion plots. J2 were regularly recovered from the four sampling depths (0-10,11-20, 21-30, and 31-40 cm). The numbers of J2 were greater in the 0-20 cm depth than the 21-40 cm depth, with 67, 68, and 60% of the total M. hapla population in the 0-20 strata for carrot, weedy fallow, and onion, respectively. The tomato bioassay method was more sensitive than the Baermann pan method for detecting low M. hapla densities. Because of the poor correlation between J2 densities in the soil and the number of galls on tomato roots in the bioassay, a measurement of J2 abundance such as the Baermann pan method shoud be supported by bioassay to further assist growers in their decision process for the management of M. hapla in organic soil.

DERIVATION AND ASSESSMENT OF DRIS NORMS FOR GREENHOUSE TOMATOES

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 1027-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. CARON ◽  
L. E. PARENT
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Nutrient Ratios ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Nutrient Ratio ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes

Diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) norms were developed in Quebec from the 30% top yielding plants among 733 observations on marketable yields and foliar analyses of spring-grown greenhouse tomato plants. These crops produced between 4 and 6.5 kg plant−1 cumulated over 8 wk of harvest. Fifteen optimum nutrient ratios and concentrations were computed from N, P, K, Ca and Mg analytical results. DRIS norms developed irrespective of plant developmental stage were less sensitive than norms developed for selected sampling periods. Including a dry matter index in DRIS did not modify the nutrient ranking of independent samples, but DRIS and the critical value approach produced different diagnoses. The dry matter index may not only help in the separation of limiting from nonlimiting nutrient but can also become an indicator for modifying carbon accumulation in tomato plants. Since DRIS describes numerically the nutrient equilibrium in plants, fertigation regimes could be adapted to the actual plant requirements.Key words: Tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum L., tissue diagnosis, nutrient ratio, diagnosis and recommendation integrated system.

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