NONFUMIGANT NEMATICIDES FOR CONTROL OF NORTHERN ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE IN MUCK-GROWN CARROTS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. BELAIR
Keyword(s):  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Nematode Control ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Application Method

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of rate and application method on the effectiveness of nonfumigant nematicides to protect carrot roots (Daucus carota L.) against Meloidogyne hapla, Chitwood, in organic soil. Carbamate compounds, aldicarb and oxamyl, provided better protection to carrot roots than organophosphorus, phenamiphos and terbufos compounds. In-furrow application of granular nematicides at the rate of 1.5 kg a.i./ha was more effective than band and broadcast incorporation at a rate of 6 kg a.i./ha. The standard control method with the fumigant, 1,3-dichloropropene, offered the best nematode control and the highest marketable yields.Key words: Daucus carota, Meloidogyne hapla

scholarly journals Heritability of Resistance to Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood) in Carrot (Daucus carota L.)

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 839E-839
Author(s):  
Min Wang ◽  
I.L. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Resistant Genotype ◽  
Daucus Carota L

The root-knot nematode (M. hapla Chitwood) poses a threat to carrot (Daucus carota L.) production in the United States. Little information is available concerning the genetic control of nematode resistance in carrot. Crosses between two inbreds, a resistant genotype (R1) and susceptible genotype (S1) identified in previous screening tests of carrot were studied in the F2 and BC1 generations to determine the heritability of resistance to the root-knot nematode. Seedlings of F2 (R1/S1), BC1S1, and BC1R1 generations were evaluated for their responses to infestation of M. hapla Chitwood based on gall number per root, gall rating per root, and root rating per root in a greenhouse experiment conducted during 1994. Narrow-sense heritabilities were calculated according to the method of Warner (1952). Narrow-sense heritability was 0.16 for resistance based on gall number, 0.88 for resistance based on gall rating, and 0.78 for resistance based on root rating. This information may be of importance to geneticists and carrot breeders for the development of nematode-resistant carrot cultivars.

CARROT YIELD INCREASES AFTER CHEMICAL CONTROL OF ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE IN ORGANIC SOIL

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. VRAIN ◽  
Y. FOURNIER ◽  
R. CRETE
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Nematode Control ◽  
Significant Protection ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Soil Fumigants

In root-knot nematode-infested soil, post-treatment effects of nematicides on duration of acceptable yields of marketable carrots (Daucus carota L.) and on nematode population dynamics were determined. These studies included a comparison of the efficacy of granular nematicides and soil fumigants. Surviving nematodes multiplied and caused unacceptable losses 2 yr after fumigation. Fumigation with Telone, D.D. or Vorlex gave the best nematode control and the highest marketable yield. Oxamyl, aldicarb and fosthietan gave a significant protection of carrots at doses of 3 and 6 kg a.i./ha. Bunema, phenamiphos and carbofuran were the least effective.

Consistency of long-term marketable yield of carrot and onion cultivars in muck (organic) soil in relation to seasonal weather

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Tesfaendrias ◽  
M. R. McDonald ◽  
J. Warland
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
The Mean

To identify carrot and onion cultivars that provide consistent marketable yields, we tracked the yields of five fresh market carrot [(Daucus carota L. subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang.] and six onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars for at least 13 yr. Relationships between long-term weather variables and marketable yields were also investigated. The effects of cultivar, year and cultivar × year interactions on yield of carrots and onions were assessed. Cultivar and year had significant effects on carrot and onion yields, while the interaction was significant in only one of four data sets of carrot yield. Carrot cv. Cellobunch (95.4 t ha–1) and onion cv. Corona (74.1 t ha–1) had the highest mean marketable yields over the years studied. There was a slight positive correlation between mean yield of the assessed carrots and maximum temperatures in September (r = 0.44). Mean carrot yield was also somewhat negatively correlated with total rainfall in July (r = –0.43) and with number of days with rain in August (r = –0.43) and September (r = –0.44). Most onion cultivars showed stronger relationships between marketable yield and various weather patterns. Marketable yield of onions increased with an increase in the number of days with rainfall in June (r = 0.57). The mean marketable yield of the six onion cultivars decreased in relation to temperatures ≥30°C in June (r = –0.55) and August (r = –0.53). The mean yield of all the onions in the trials was negatively correlated (r = –0.78) with growing degree days (base 5°C, May to August). The results indicated that the data from long-term cultivar trials can be used to identify cultivars that yield well despite seasonal variations in weather. Key words: Daucus carota, Allium cepa, temperature, rainfall

Perception of the impact of root-knot nematode-induced diseases in horticultural protected crops of south-eastern Spain

Nematology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Talavera ◽  
Samir Sayadi ◽  
Manuel Chirosa-Ríos ◽  
Tomas Salmerón ◽  
Elena Flor-Peregrín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Nematode Control ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Prevalent Species ◽  
Crop Sequence

With a surface area of 37 000 ha and an annual yield of 3 × 106 t, the south-east of Spain, predominantly the coast of Almeria, is the largest horticultural growing area under protected cultivation in Europe. A survey on perception of the impact of root-knot nematodes on vegetable production was carried out in this area by face-to-face interviews with 120 farm advisors. The survey was designed to evaluate opinions about prevalence and severity of root-knot nematode-induced diseases, percentage of infested area and effectiveness of root-knot nematode control methods. According to the answers, 17.7% of the fields were infested with root-knot nematode and 18.8% of the cultivable area within each site showed root-knot nematode disease symptoms, which came to 2.0% of the total area used to grow vegetables in the region. Average yield loss was estimated at about 30.8% of total vegetable production, and 38.1% of the farm advisors considered that root-knot nematode infections had increased over the last 5 years. Most farm advisors (78.3%) stated that the most commonly used control method was chemical soil fumigation. Non-fumigant nematicides were cited by 59.8% of them, grafting and resistant cultivars by 42.3%, soil solarisation 38.1%, plant extracts 14.4% and biofumigation 6.2%. The majority of farm advisors considered the application of fumigant nematicides combined with soil solarisation, and grafting onto resistant rootstocks as the most effective methods of root-knot nematode control. In addition to the interviews, plant and soil samples were taken from plastic greenhouses throughout the region to determine species of root-knot nematode present. Meloidogyne javanica was the most prevalent species followed by M. incognita and M. arenaria, but species distribution was linked to the predominating crop sequence in each area, since M. javanica occurred less frequently when sweet pepper rather than tomato appeared in the crop sequence.

CARROT, ONION, CELERY AND LETTUCE CROP SUCCESSION STUDIES ON AN ORGANIC SOIL

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 881-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
HERMAN A. HAMILTON ◽  
R. BERNIER
Keyword(s):  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Crop Succession

Crop successions involving carrot (Daucus carota L.), onion (Allium cepa L.) celery (Apium graveolens L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were organized to study the effect of each crop on the yield of the subsequent crops when grown on an organic soil. Crop sequences affected yields significantly. Carrot yields were significantly greater when they followed celery or lettuce than when they followed carrot or onion. Onion yields were greatest after celery or lettuce, less after onion, least after carrot. Celery yields were greatest after celery or lettuce, less after onion, least after carrot. Lettuce yields were greater after lettuce or celery than after onion or carrot. The nematode species occurring in the largest numbers after continuous growing of carrot, onion, celery, and lettuce were Meloidogyne hapla, Paratylenchus hamatus, Pratylenchus penetrans and M. hapla, respectively.

scholarly journals Dynamics of herbicides degradation in carrot (Daucus carota L.) roots and leaves  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Šuk ◽  
Kateřina Hamouzová ◽  
Jana Hajšlová ◽  
Miroslav Jursík
Keyword(s):  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Residue Level ◽  
Withdrawal Period ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Herbicide Residues ◽  
Maximum Residue Level ◽  
Low Concentrations

This research had two main aims. First, to analyse the degradation dynamics of herbicides commonly used in carrot (aclonifen, clomazone, flufenacet, linuron, metribuzin, pendimethalin, S-metolachlor). Second, to compare the amount of herbicide residues with the maximum residue level and with requirements of non-residual production. The field experiments were conducted in 2012–2016. All tested herbicides resulted in relatively low concentrations of residues in carrot roots (up to 10 µg/kg) when the recommended withdrawal period was followed between application and harvest. The concentration of S-metolachlor in carrot roots exceeded the maximal residual limit (MRL) if the application was carried out four days before harvest. The measured values of other tested herbicide residues in carrot roots did not exceed the MRL in any of the tested samples. Pre-emergent use of clomazone, linuron and flufenacet could be recommended for non-residue carrot production. Post-emergent use of metribuzin can be used for non-residue carrot production if the interval between application and harvest is at least 80 days. Concentrations of herbicide residues in carrot leaves were many times higher than in roots. All tested herbicides can be applied for safe carrot production if applicators adhere to the requirements for use.  

scholarly journals The influence of chitin-urea amendments applied to an organic soil on a Meloidogyne hapla population and on the growth of greenhouse tomato

2005 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bélair ◽  
N. Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Dosage Effect ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Amended Soils ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Leaf Tissues

This experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the efficiency of chitin-urea amendments to an organic soil against a Quebec population of the northern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla) and to assess the pathogenicity of this population on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Chitin-urea amendments at 0.2 and 0.4% (vol:vol) were ineffective in reducing the preplant nematode populations. The final M. hapla egg populations were significantly increased in chitin-urea amended soils, and a signifiant positive dosage effect was recorded. Shoot growth of tomato plants was significantly reduced by M. hapla but was increased by chitin-urea. At harvest, fruit weights were neither affected by M. hapla nor by chitin-urea amendments. The final M. hapla egg population was linked to lower N and P levels, and to higher Ca levels in leaf tissues.

WINTER SURVIVAL OF ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Sayre
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes

In field experiments at Harrow, Ontario, the northern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, 1949, successfully overwintered, although its populations were severely reduced. Two other species, M. incognita (Kofoid and White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949, and M. javanica (Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949, were unable to overwinter in bare soil or under a cover crop of winter wheat or in the roots of the perennial host plants peach and asparagus.

scholarly journals The role of fertilization practices in the yield and quality of carrot (Daucus carota L.)

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-360
Author(s):  
Aino-Maija Evers
Keyword(s):  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Positive Effects

The influence of different fertilization practices on the growth, yield and inner quality of carrot (Daucus carota L.) was studied. The field experiments were carried out in Southern Finland, on the experimental farm of Kemira Oy, in 1985 and 1986. Unirrigated and irrigated placement and broadcast fertilization, NPK fertirrigations without or with basic fertilization, and PK placement with N fertirrigations were compared. Placement and broadcast fertilizations were carried out by single application, whereas NPK or N fertirrigations were performed as split applications. The highest yields were obtained when the total phytomass production was high. The yield increased by the placement of NPK fertilizer as compared to broadcast fertilization, and by the placement of P and K as compared to treatments where P and K were broadcasted or fertirrigated. The PK placement with N fertirrigations increased the root dry matter content as compared to NPK fertirrigations. The lowest NO3-N contents of roots were obtained by unirrigated placement fertilization. NPK fertirrigations caused higher root NO3-N contents than any other fertilization practice, and irrigation as such increased the NO3-N contents. Root N and P contents were increased by placement of PK or NPK fertilizers, but fertilization practices had no effects on K, Mg and Ca contents. Single application increased ash and dietary fibre contents as compared to split applications. In conclusion, the placement of NPK or PK fertilizers had positive effects on the above mentioned quality criteria and yield, and thus in future research and in commercial vegetable production these fertilization practices should be utilized. Fertilization practices had no or only slight effects on the carotene and sugar contents, taste, texture and the quality of stored carrots. Carotene content increased as the growing season progressed, and was 41 % higher in the climatically more favourable year 1986 than in 1985. Total sugar contents were higher in the climatically less favourable year 1985 and in unfertilized treatments than in 1986 and in fertilized treatments. It was hypothesized that carrot sugar contents are related to growth and total phytomass production. The indicative results showed that the NPK fertirrigations without basic fertilization had a slight positive effect on carrot taste and texture as compared to placement fertilization but, on the other hand, the NPK fertirrigations without basic fertilization showed a tendency to impair the storage ability as compared to single application. In conclusion, carotene and sugar contents are strongly influenced by genotype and climate and thus it is logical that the effects of fertilization practices remained slight. The results of carrot taste do not allow any final conclusions to be drawn; further investigation on the subject is needed.

scholarly journals Using Crop Rotation to Control Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood and Improve Marketable Carrot Yield

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bélair ◽  
L.E. Parent
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
The Third ◽  
Randomized Block Design

The influence of various crop rotations on population densities of Meloidogyne hapla, the northern root-knot nematode, and subsequent carrot yields was studied in organic soil under field conditions. Seven 3-year sequences with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), carrot (Daucus carota L.), onion (Allium cepa L.), or weedy fallow, all with carrot as the third-year crop, were replicated six times in a completely randomized block design. Carrot monoculture, two seasons of weedy fallow, or carrot followed by onion resulted in high M. hapla population densities and severe root damage on carrot the third year. Barley followed by onion or onion followed by barley harbored low M. hapla population densities and provided the highest yields, with 56.8 and 47.2 t marketable carrots/ha, respectively, compared to 2.2 t·ha–1 in the carrot monoculture. A single crop of barley reduced nematode population densities and provided 88% and 73% marketable carrot roots in the subsequent years. High M. hapla population densities and the high proportion of culls recorded in plots in weed fallow emphasize the importance of an effective weed management program for successfully using crop rotation against root-knot nematode in muck-grown carrot.

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