WINTER SURVIVAL OF THE NORTHERN ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE Meloidogyne hapla IN ORGANIC SOIL

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. BELAIR
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Winter Snow ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

The influence of nematode developmental stage, soil depth and winter snow cover on the survival of Meloidogyne hapla in southwestern Quebec’s organic soil was investigated. Eggs and larvae from field-reared populations of M. hapla exhibited a higher survival rate than greenhouse populations at all depths. Winter killing was more severe in the upper layer (0–10 cm) in both years of the experiment. Snow covering buffered temperature variations at all soil depths and increased overwintering of M. hapla.Key words: Meloidogyne hapla, survival, organic soil

scholarly journals The influence of chitin-urea amendments applied to an organic soil on a Meloidogyne hapla population and on the growth of greenhouse tomato

2005 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bélair ◽  
N. Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Dosage Effect ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Amended Soils ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Leaf Tissues

This experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the efficiency of chitin-urea amendments to an organic soil against a Quebec population of the northern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla) and to assess the pathogenicity of this population on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Chitin-urea amendments at 0.2 and 0.4% (vol:vol) were ineffective in reducing the preplant nematode populations. The final M. hapla egg populations were significantly increased in chitin-urea amended soils, and a signifiant positive dosage effect was recorded. Shoot growth of tomato plants was significantly reduced by M. hapla but was increased by chitin-urea. At harvest, fruit weights were neither affected by M. hapla nor by chitin-urea amendments. The final M. hapla egg population was linked to lower N and P levels, and to higher Ca levels in leaf tissues.

scholarly journals Using Crop Rotation to Control Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood and Improve Marketable Carrot Yield

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bélair ◽  
L.E. Parent
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
The Third ◽  
Randomized Block Design

The influence of various crop rotations on population densities of Meloidogyne hapla, the northern root-knot nematode, and subsequent carrot yields was studied in organic soil under field conditions. Seven 3-year sequences with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), carrot (Daucus carota L.), onion (Allium cepa L.), or weedy fallow, all with carrot as the third-year crop, were replicated six times in a completely randomized block design. Carrot monoculture, two seasons of weedy fallow, or carrot followed by onion resulted in high M. hapla population densities and severe root damage on carrot the third year. Barley followed by onion or onion followed by barley harbored low M. hapla population densities and provided the highest yields, with 56.8 and 47.2 t marketable carrots/ha, respectively, compared to 2.2 t·ha–1 in the carrot monoculture. A single crop of barley reduced nematode population densities and provided 88% and 73% marketable carrot roots in the subsequent years. High M. hapla population densities and the high proportion of culls recorded in plots in weed fallow emphasize the importance of an effective weed management program for successfully using crop rotation against root-knot nematode in muck-grown carrot.

NONFUMIGANT NEMATICIDES FOR CONTROL OF NORTHERN ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE IN MUCK-GROWN CARROTS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. BELAIR
Keyword(s):  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Nematode Control ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Application Method

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of rate and application method on the effectiveness of nonfumigant nematicides to protect carrot roots (Daucus carota L.) against Meloidogyne hapla, Chitwood, in organic soil. Carbamate compounds, aldicarb and oxamyl, provided better protection to carrot roots than organophosphorus, phenamiphos and terbufos compounds. In-furrow application of granular nematicides at the rate of 1.5 kg a.i./ha was more effective than band and broadcast incorporation at a rate of 6 kg a.i./ha. The standard control method with the fumigant, 1,3-dichloropropene, offered the best nematode control and the highest marketable yields.Key words: Daucus carota, Meloidogyne hapla

scholarly journals Seasonal and vertical distribution of Meloidogyne hapla in organic soil

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bélair
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Roots

The seasonal population fluctuations of the northern root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla on car rot (Daucus carota), onion (Allium cepa), and weeds were observed on organic soils in southwestern Quebec. Lowest population densities of M. hapla juveniles (J2) were recorded in July and August, followed by a peak in September and October in plots with carrot or weedy fallow. In onion, J2 densities remained near or below the detectable level during most of the sampling period, but a small trend in population increase was also detected in the fall. The vertical distribution of M. hapla was similar in carrot weedy fallow, and onion plots. J2 were regularly recovered from the four sampling depths (0-10,11-20, 21-30, and 31-40 cm). The numbers of J2 were greater in the 0-20 cm depth than the 21-40 cm depth, with 67, 68, and 60% of the total M. hapla population in the 0-20 strata for carrot, weedy fallow, and onion, respectively. The tomato bioassay method was more sensitive than the Baermann pan method for detecting low M. hapla densities. Because of the poor correlation between J2 densities in the soil and the number of galls on tomato roots in the bioassay, a measurement of J2 abundance such as the Baermann pan method shoud be supported by bioassay to further assist growers in their decision process for the management of M. hapla in organic soil.

Development of Resistance to Root‐Knot Nematode ( Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood) in Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) 1

Crop Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 624-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. J. Hunt ◽  
R. N. Peaden ◽  
L. R. Faulkner ◽  
G. D. Griffin ◽  
H. J. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

scholarly journals Precrop Effect of Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on the Population Development of the Northern Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, 1949 and on Succeeding Crops—A Pot Study

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
Renata Dobosz ◽  
Roman Krawczyk
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Continuous Cultivation ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Tomato Growth

The northern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla, is a major pest of many crop species. The objective of the study was to determine how M. hapla population dynamics is affected by two precrops, i.e., Trifolium pratense and Medicago sativa, in three crop durations: one, two and three years of continuous cultivation. Moreover, we set ourselves the task of evaluating the effect of the legume precrop soil on the growth of the succeeding tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum) and on the nematode population. The experiment was performed outdoors in pots with naturally infected soil. Both precrop species investigated were found to modify the J2 nematode population density in the soil. The galls and nematode females with egg masses were observed on the roots of both studied plant species at the end of each growing season. They appeared to be more abundant on the red clover roots than on those of the alfalfa. The obtained data indicate that the spring soil sampling is more appropriate for the estimation of the M. hapla population density in the red clover precrop soil. The legume precrop soil had a limiting effect on tomato growth and fruit yield. The nematode population negatively influenced tomato growth. The experiment revealed that tomato plants could be planted in alfalfa precrop soil following at least three years of continuous alfalfa cultivation. The same cannot be said of the cultivation of red clover as a precrop for tomatoes.

Interaction of Meloidogyne hapla and Verticillium dahliae, and the chemical control of wilt in strawberry

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (45) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Meagher ◽  
PT Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Methyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae Kleb

In a field experiment with strawberries, pre-plant treatments with broad-spectrum fumigants methyl bromide-chloropicrin (450 kg/ha) or methyl isothiocyanate-dichloropropene (500 l/ha) (and 300 l/ha) controlled wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb and resulted in increased yields. Soil fumigation with the nematicide ethylene dibromidz (105 l/ha) also improved yields. It controlled the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood), delayed the onset of wilt symptoms and reduced the severity of disease. This indicated a nematode-fungus interaction and is the first report of a Meloidogyne-Verticillium interaction in strawberry.

Using plant essences as alternative mean for northern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla) management

2010 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Douda ◽  
Miloslav Zouhar ◽  
Jana Mazáková ◽  
Eva Nováková ◽  
Roman Pavela
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Plant Essences

scholarly journals Mapping the Distribution of Buried Glacier Ice – An Example From Lago Delle Locce, Monte Rosa, Italian Alps

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 78-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Haeberli ◽  
F. Epifani
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Seismic Refraction ◽  
Italian Alps ◽  
Frozen Ground ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Winter Snow ◽  
Glacier Ice ◽  
Geoelectrical Resistivity ◽  
Monte Rosa

Techniques for mapping the distribution of buried glacier ice are discussed and the results, from a study carried out within the framework of flood protection work in the Italian Alps, are presented. Bottom temperatures of the winter snow cover (BTS) primarily indicate the heat flow conditions in the underlying ground and mainly depend on the presence or absence of an ice layer beneath the surface. Determination of BTS values is therefore an inexpensive method for quickly mapping the near-surface underground ice in areas where there is 1 m or more of winter snow cover. At greater depths, and/or when more detail is required, geoelectrical resistivity soundings and seismic refraction soundings are most commonly used to investigate underground ice. A combination of the two sounding techniques allows the vertical extent and the main characteristics (frozen ground, dead glacier ice) to be determined in at least a semi-quantitative way. Complications mainly arise from irregularity in the horizontal extension of the studied underground ice bodies, and they may have to be overcome by expensive core drillings and borehole measurements. Widespread occurrence of buried glacier ice was observed in morainic deposits, surrounding an ice-dammed lake near Macugnaga, Italy.

scholarly journals Climatic influence on the composition of snow cover at Austre Okstindbreen, Norway, 1989 and 1990

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Yuanqing ◽  
Wilfred H. Theakstone
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Crustal Material ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
The North ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Winter Snow ◽  
Marine Source

Winter snow cover at Austre Okstindbreen is influenced strongly by patterns of atmospheric circulation, and by air temperatures during precipitation. Differences of circulation over the North Atlantic and Scandinavia during the winters of 1988–89 and 1989–90 were reflected in the ionic and isotopic composition of snow that accumulated at the glacier. Early summer ablation did not remove, or smooth out, all the initial stratigraphic differences. In the first half of the 1988–89 winter, most air masses took a relatively short route between a marine source and Okstindan; late winter snowfalls were from air masses which had taken a longer continental route. The snow that accumulated in the first half of the 1989–90 winter was associated with air masses which had followed longer continental routes, and so brought higher concentrations of impurities from forests, lakes and crustal material. The ablation season began earlier in 1990 than in 1989, and summer winds and rain supplied more impurities to the snowpack surface.

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