scholarly journals La gestion de l'incertitude dans une organisation internationale : le cas de I'OACI

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-142
Author(s):  
François-Pierre Le Scouarnec
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Development ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Air Transportation ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Special Unit ◽  
Institutional Responses ◽  
The Impact

A typology of uncertainty reveals three dimensions: probability, vagueness, and ambiguity. At the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), terrorism has appeared as a threat to the agency's mandate, which is to ensure the harmonious development of civil air transportation. Faced with the probability that a terrorist act may occur, decision-makers in the international civil aviation System have developed an array of institutional responses. In the area of law, several instruments were created as the impact of events and techniques used by terrorists developed. In the area of management, the ICAO created a special unit reporting directly to the Secretary General and reviewed technical standards and procedures for aviation personnel. While new technologies were being deployed to reduce the probability of an illicit act, political responses were elaborated : use of the UN Secretary-Generalship, politicization of the ICAO Council, and international cooperation in the fight against terrorism. Uncertainty can be a vector of organizational development. Perception of uncertainty and the actions it brings about belong to afield of analysis of interest to the school of epistemics.

scholarly journals The impact of information technology in decision making process of companies in Kosovo

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Emin Qerim Neziraj ◽  
Aferdita Berisha Shaqiri
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Business Process ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Or Organization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Future Business

Before the decision makers set much higher requirements in the decision-making than ever before due to the environment of decision-makers subject to change under the influence of progress and development of new technologies, networking individual or organization inside and the outside environment, and modern means of communication enabling continuous inflow, flow and sharing of data and information. In these modern conditions the process of collecting, analyzing, selecting data and information to make informed decisions in the context of possible restrictions and the available options, and ultimately making decisions as the basis for future business or behavior, is not simplified. The use of new technologies in the decision-making process provided numerous opportunities to facilitate decisions selection. However, the decision maker should still be able to differentiate which knowledge should be used to serve in decision making, and which models, methods, tools, systems, and procedures to be used in certain situations, with the purpose of successful decision selection. In this paper, we will examine the decision making process during the business process of the companies in Kosovo.

scholarly journals The Unknown Potential of Blockchain for Sustainable Supply Chains

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9400
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Varriale ◽  
Antonello Cammarano ◽  
Francesca Michelino ◽  
Mauro Caputo
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Sustainable Supply Chains ◽  
Current State ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The growing attention to emerging technologies has raised several doubts regarding the sustainability aspects. Among the new technologies, blockchain has laid the foundations for a revolution in the financial field but also in the energy, tourism, medical, industrial and supply chains sectors. Through a systematic literature review, 37 documents were analyzed to describe the sustainable aspects generated using blockchain in supply chains. Therefore, the results achieved provide two levels of analysis. The former highlights the impact of the adoption of blockchain in supply chains based on the three dimensions of sustainability: environmental, economic and social. The latter shows the positive and negative impacts of each form of sustainability. The purpose of the work is to summarize the current state of the art in order to propose a future development agenda based on the need to simulate and define a measurability for each dimension of sustainability. Finally, the study provides a broad overview of practical and managerial implications for entrepreneurs and researchers. On the one hand, the work shows how the use of blockchain improves the profits and reputation of companies. On the other hand, it highlights several research gaps to be investigated and considered by researchers.

scholarly journals Genesis of legal regulation of airport services in Ukraine

Legal Ukraine ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 6-16
Author(s):  
Valentine Spasybo
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
Air Transportation ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Legislative Regulation ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
International Obligations ◽  
Eu Directives ◽  
The Impact

The study of the genesis of legal regulation of relations in the provision of airport services allows us to draw the following conclusions. Airport services and their legislative regulation are directly related to air transportation services. With the expansion of the scope of these services, airport services also developed. These types of services began to take shape in the early ХХ century and rapidly developed with the creation of a network of airports around the world, including in Ukraine. At the same time, legislative regulation was formed as a set of rules governing transportation, then legislation on the provision of services joined it. It was established that civil legislation on airport activities historically supplemented the legislation on air transportation, the main purpose of which was to comply with air safety guarantees. A peculiarity of the civil legislation of Ukraine governing the activities of airport services is that its basic norms are not contained in the Civil Code of Ukraine, but in the norms of other legislative and by-laws, primarily in the Air Code and the Aviation Rules of Ukraine, as well as in the administrative, economic, tax, labor, environmental, land and other branches of law. However, the core of this set of norms is precisely the rules of civil law, which allows you to regulate these relationships using the principles and methods of civil law and at the same time take into account the links between the various branches of legislation as elements of the system. It is concluded that the legislation of Ukraine on the provision of airport services should be developed in the process of its unification with EU directives, standards and recommended practices of the International Civil Aviation Organization, due to the global processes of the impact of globalization on these relations and international obligations undertaken by Ukraine. Key words: legal regulation, civil law relations, civil law, airport service, Air Code of Ukraine, Aviation Rules of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Getting value today and incentivising for the future: Pharmaceutical development and healthcare policies

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
Kasper Munk Johannesen ◽  
Martin Henriksson
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
International Reference ◽  
Reference Pricing ◽  
Clinical Practise ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structured Approach

To manage the challenge of limited healthcare resources and unlimited demand for healthcare, decision makers utilise a variety of demand side policies, such as health technology appraisals and international reference pricing to regulate price and utilisation. By controlling price and utilisation demand side policies determine the earnings potential, and hence the incentives to invest in research and development (R&D) of new technologies. However, the impact of demand side policies on R&D incentives is seldom formally assessed.Based on the key assumption that intellectual property rights, i.e. patents, and expected rent are key drivers of pharmaceutical R&D, this work outlines a framework illustrating the link between demand side policies and pharmaceutical R&D incentives. By analysing how policies impact expected rent and consumer surplus, the framework is used to understand how commonly used demand side policies (including timing and length of reimbursement process, international reference pricing, parallel trade, and sequential adoption into clinical practice) may influence R&D incentives.The analysis demonstrates that delayed reimbursement decisions as well as sequential adoption into clinical practise may in fact reduce both expected rent and consumer surplus. It is also demonstrated how international reference pricing is likely to increase consumer surplus at the expense of lower rent and thus lower R&D incentives.Although this work illustrates the importance of considering how demand side policies may impact long-term R&D incentives, it is important to note that the purpose has not been to prescribe which demand side policies should be utilised or how. Rather, the main contribution is to illustrate the need for a structured approach to the analysis of the complex, and at times highly politicised question of how demand side policies ultimately influence population health, both in the short and in the long term. 

ANALYSIS OF PASSENGER AIR TRANSPORTATION CHANGES UNDER THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT INFLUENCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (26) ◽  
pp. 96-107
Author(s):  
A. V. Adrianova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Transportation ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Passenger Traffic ◽  
Traffic Reduction ◽  
Market State ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Impact

The article examines the external conditions that determine the processes of the air transport participants operation. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on civil aviation has been studied: statistics on the decline in the number of flights in the world and the passenger traffic reduction in European countries are given, their economic losses are estimated. The aviation market state in the Baltic region has been investigated. Existing forecasts for the industry recovery after the introduction of restrictions on the fight against the COVID-19 virus are outlined. Keywords: air transportation, passenger traffic, Baltic region airports, COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, industry recovery forecast.

scholarly journals PRIORITIZING AIRPORT DEVELOPMENT PLAN TO OPTIMIZE FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY

Aviation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ali Berawi ◽  
Bambang Susantono ◽  
Perdana Miraj ◽  
Fitri Nurmadinah
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Air Transportation ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Financial Feasibility ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
The Government ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Air transportation plays a significant role not only in connecting remote and isolated areas but also in enhancing national economic development. Indonesia, a country consisting of more than 17,000 islands, has 162 airports administered by its government through the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) of the Ministry of Transportation. In response to budget constraints to expand these airports for services, the government has initiated collaboration with the private sector to develop airports. This paper aims to assist decision makers in deciding which of the 162 airports should be prioritized for partnership based on project feasibility. The study used qualitative and quantitative approaches, employing an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method, multi-criteria weighting, and financial feasibility to analyze the findings. As a result, the prioritized airports recommended for partnership with the private sector are expressed in a quadrant priority of scale.

scholarly journals New possibilities for weld assessment using inverse wavefield extrapolation

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Casper Wassink ◽  
K. Chougrani ◽  
J. Van der Ent
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Weld Strength ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
The Impact

New technological capabilities in both girth weld Non Destructive Testing (NDT) and girth weld material characterization open the door for new ways of weld assessment. The paper gives examples of new technologies currently being developed in NDT and investigates how these technologies could add value, in the field, on weld testing and assessment. The guiding principle in this investigation is that the data gathered in NDT should be sufficient for making an engineering decision. It will be argued that this is not currently the case as NDT is now used in a qualitative check on the welding process rather than a quantitative information source on the weld strength.An overview of technologies like Inverse Wave Extrapolation (IWEX), Full Matrix Capture (FMC), and Sampling Phased Array (SPA) will be given. These technologies show promise to increase the quality of data received from Automated Ultrasonic Testing (AUT) of pipeline girth weld. The most important improvement is that an image of the defect is generated, in three dimensions, which allows for improved assessment of the impact of detected flaws on the weld strength. The paper will then show how these new capabilities could be combined with new technology in material testing and finite element calculations, which has specific value for strain based pipeline designs. The result is a vision on the future of girth weld assessment.

scholarly journals Climate Change Water Vulnerability and Adaptation Mechanism in Constrained Touristic Himalayan City, Nainital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Disha Chauhan ◽  
Muthuprasad Thiyaharajan ◽  
Anvita Pandey ◽  
Nidhi Singh ◽  
Vishal Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Adaptation Mechanism ◽  
Water Vulnerability ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Urban water management is a growing concern in India’s rapidly urbanizing cities. Population growth and climatic variability are further exuberating the impact on surface and underground water supply. Understanding the causes and the extent of water vulnerability is required for developing effective strategies for water insecurities. This study attempts to assess the water vulnerability across different wards of a touristic city of Himalaya - Nainital using IPCC approach considering the three dimensions exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Seven indicators, mostly spatial i.e. edaphic (aspect, elevation), climatic (land surface temperature) besides some water infrastructural (distance to water distribution) and population were considered for development of vulnerability index using Analytical Hierarchy Process for assigning weights. These indicators were simple to extract and easy to obtain and mostly available from secondary sources and were capable to account the variability at micro level. Moreover, the current adaptation mechanisms for water security were also derived through conducting surveys by randomly selecting households across the wards. Staff House and Harinagar wards were the most vulnerable. The survey results that the adaptation mechanism should be managed at individual and organisation level. Policy measures such as optimum use of water; grey water recycling, spring rejuvenation, rain water harvesting, leakage proof infrastructure with intervention of new technologies may be adopted and implemented for reducing the water vulnerability in the city along with the public participation.

scholarly journals Impact of the Crisis Caused by the Spread of Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19) on the Civil Aviation of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
A.V. Naumov ◽  
A.A. Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Air Transportation ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Passenger Traffic ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Air Carriers

The authors analyzed the impact of the crisis caused by the spread of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) on the civil aviation of the Russian Federation, by analyzing the volume of civil air transportation in the period 2015–2020 using the example of the 5 largest Russian airlines, whose share is about 70 %, as well as analysis of the financial indicators of the above companies at the end of 2020. Thus, the object of the study was civil aviation. The aim of the study was to develop a set of measures necessary to support civil aviation in overcoming the consequences of the crisis. The work is built on a consistent research path using the following scientific forms: abstract-logical, mathematical, analytical, statistical. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of the volume of civil traffic of the five largest Russian airlines, it was found that the volume of passenger traffic on average in 2020 compared to 2019 decreased by 35 %, the percentage of occupancy of passenger seats on average in 2020 compared to 2019 decreased by 10.84 %. This reduction in demand for flights has led to a significant deterioration in the financial position of the companies. Within the framework of the article based on The 5-factor Altman model analyzes the assessment of the possibility of bankruptcy of the above companies. Based on the results of this analysis, it was found that most air carriers are in the “red zone”, therefore, the possibility of bankruptcy is 80–100 %. The results of this article were a list of the proposed by the authors, including taking into account the analysis of foreign experience, measures necessary to support civil aviation.

scholarly journals Education During a Pandemic: Prospects and Challenges of Digital Learning

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
A. Zenkov
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Digital Learning ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
The Impact

The study focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education systems around the world. The article reveals similarities and differences in decisions made by the responsible bodies in order to ensure the work of educational institutions during the current crisis caused by the new coronavirus pandemic. The author analyses the tools and facilities selected for education process and argues that in most cases digital technologies help students to continue their education even in the face of serious social shocks. At the same time, the downside of digital learning is also discussed. In a significant number of cases, the inability to attend schools and universities has a painful effect on the overall physical (such as food support), psychosocial (stress) and economic (additional costs associated with the need to use equipment and communication facilities) condition of both students and their families. The author emphasizes the pro and contra of digitalization as a vector for the development of education: new technologies not only contribute to solving the “old” issues of the industry, but also provoke the emergence of new challenges in this area. It is noted that the current situation in education can radically change not only the set of familiar tools for transferring knowledge, but also its content. Decision makers, heads of educational institutions, students and their parents face the challenge of finding the optimal ratio of “new” (digital) and “old” (classical) in the emerging model of education of the XXI century. The research is based on data published by international organizations (UN, ITU, UNESCO et al.), educational institutions of various countries of the world, and the author's personal teaching experience during the pandemic.

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