scholarly journals Thinking Globally, Acting Locally: Partiality, Preferences and Perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Oddie
Keyword(s):  
Value Theory ◽  
States Of Affairs ◽  
Fitting Attitudes ◽  
Organic Unity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Natural Entities ◽  
As Species ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
Value Relations

A rather promising value theory for environmental philosophers combines the well-known fitting attitude (FA) account of value with the rather less well-known account of value as richness. If the value of an entity is proportional to its degree of richness (which has been cashed out in terms of unified complexity and organic unity), then since natural entities, such as species or ecosystems, exhibit varying degrees of richness quite independently of what we happen to feel about them, they also possess differing degrees of mind-independent and subject-independent value. In particular, their value is not dependent on the desires or preferences of humans. The fitting attitudes account of value, at least as it is standardly developed, demands isomorphic evaluative responses on the part of all valuers. In particular, it entails that all valuers should have isomorphic preferences. But this seems absurd. I consider three different strategies with which the fitting attitude theorist can deflect this challenge. The first makes use of an account of non-standard value relations in terms of permissible preference orderings. The second appeals to value appearances and the associated notions of value distance and value perspective. The third involves an account of the ultimate bearers of value as properties, rather than as propositions or states of affairs. These strategies are not all mutually incompatible. While it isn’t possible to combine the first and second strategies, it is possible to combine the first and third strategies, and also to combine the second and the third.

scholarly journals Negating as turning upside down

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Skowron ◽  
Wiesław Kubiś
Keyword(s):  
Category Theory ◽  
Contravariant Functor ◽  
States Of Affairs ◽  
Truth Values ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
The Third ◽  
Entire Structure ◽  
Ontological Problem

Abstract In order to understand negation as such, at least since Aristotle’s time, there have been many ways of conceptually modelling it. In particular, negation has been studied as inconsistency, contradictoriness, falsity, cancellation, an inversion of arrangements of truth values, etc. In this paper, making substantial use of category theory, we present three more conceptual and abstract models of negation. All of them capture negation as turning upside down the entire structure under consideration. The first proposal turns upside down the structure almost literally; it is the well known construction of opposite category. The second one treats negation as a contravariant functor and the third one captures negation as adjointness. Traditionally, negation was investigated in the context of language as negation of sentences or parts of sentences, e.g. names. On the contrary we propose to negate structures globally. As a consequence of our approach we provide a solution to the ontological problem of the existence of negative states of affairs.

scholarly journals KOMUNIKASI BARU BIRO ARSITEK DI MASA PANDEMI DALAM PANDANGAN POSTKOLONIALISME HOMI K BHABHA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-167
Author(s):  
Gayuh Budi Utomo ◽  
Rully Damayanti ◽  
Dyan Agustin
Keyword(s):  
Third Space ◽  
Central Issue ◽  
New Order ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
Prevention Methods

Title: New Communication of The Architecture Firms in Pandemic Era; Following the Homi  K Bhabha Post Colonial View A new order called the new normal is a central issue at this time. The period before the pandemic which became a standard value and became a reference suddenly was not compatible with the arrival of the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak. This is happening in Indonesia and around the world. Everyone is in a pandemic situation for a certain period time and there is no certainty that it will end. This of course also affects how to communicate in all aspects including the architectural bureau. New ways of communicating are carried out at architectural bureaus related to social distancing and physical distancing which are considered as effective prevention methods from the COVID-19 pandemic. The types of communication that have changed are communication with clients, communication with the team and communication with interns. There are significant differences in how to communicate from offline activities to online activities where we can still be connected both ways but not in the same place. This situation is a momentum to free the bonds of limitations that have occurred in terms of communication. We want to interpret this in the postcolonialism approach of Homi K Bhabha which is very relevant to the views of hybridity, ambivalence and the third space as a way of communicating new normal discourses.

Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2372 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
KRISTIN M. HULTGREN ◽  
KENNETH S. MACDONALD III ◽  
J. EMMETT DUFFY
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Reproductive Skew ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Pair Bonding ◽  
Distinctive Character ◽  
The Third ◽  
As Species ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Snapping Shrimps

Sixteen species of sponge-dwelling snapping shrimp in the genus Synalpheus (gambarelloides group) were collected from sites spanning the south coast of Curaçao, including three new to science. Synalpheus hoetjesi sp. nov. belongs to a species complex that includes Synalpheus pandionis, S. dardeaui, S. yano, S. goodei, S. longicarpus, and S. ul. Synalpheus kuadramanus sp. nov. is a distinctive shrimp characterized by a short, square moveable finger on the major first pereopod and by brilliant turquoise embryos in females. Synalpheus orapilosus sp. nov. is a shrimp most morphologically similar to Synalpheus barahonensis—both species share the distinctive character of a tuft of setae on the distal end of the third maxilliped, instead of a distal circlet of spines—but can be distinguished from the latter by the number of carpal segments on the second pereopod. Although eusocial Synalpheus species (defined here as species that live in large colonies with strong reproductive skew) are often the most numerically abundant Synalpheus collected from sponges at other sites, only pair-bonding Synalpheus species were recorded from our collections in Curaçao.

Value and Preference Relations: Are They Symmetric?

Utilitas ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-253
Author(s):  
MAURO ROSSI
Keyword(s):  
Recent Article ◽  
Preference Relation ◽  
Alternative Analysis ◽  
Preference Relations ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
Value Relations

According to Wlodek Rabinowicz's fitting-attitude analysis of comparative value, it is possible to analyse both standard and non-standard value relations in terms of the standard preference relations and two levels of normativity. In a recent article, however, Johan Gustafsson has argued that Rabinowicz's analysis violates a principle of value–preference symmetry, according to which for any value relation, there is a corresponding preference relation. Gustafsson has proposed an alternative analysis which respects this principle and which allegedly accounts for the idea that originally motivated Rabinowicz's analysis, namely, that in some cases different preference relations between a pair of items are equally permissible. The goal of my article is to show that the arguments offered by Gustafsson in favour of his account do not succeed. In particular, I argue that Gustafsson faces a dilemma: either he abandons the principle of value–preference symmetry or he cannot make conceptual room for multiple permissible preferences.

The British Way

1980 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 297-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Crick
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
The Third ◽  
University College ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Very High ◽  
The Way

ONE HAS TO BE CAREFUL ON THESE OCCASIONS. THERE IS SO much accident about it. Personally, as a latedeveloper at school, I did not have matriculation Latin but if I had I would have read History at Oxford. Instead I began in Economics at London University, at University College, by the way, not LSE – I had not heard of either, but LSE looked like the office blocks of Croydon in which my father worked in insurance and UCL looked like a university, as I had seen them in the cinema. But I moved out of Economics when my tutor at the beginning of the third year gave me a very high mark on an essay on ‘Value Theory’, but said: ‘Get out. I advise you to get out. You plainly don't believe in the subject. You will be a brilliant critic of it if you go on. But you don't believe that economic theory is an thing else but an analytical card-castle. If you go on, youdend up by hating your subject, hating yourself, and feeling like I do that you've wasted your life.’ I said that as I was taking Finals that summer, it was a little late to switch. ‘Nonsense’, Alfred Stonier replied, ‘not if you really want to get out of Economics. You are going dong to LSE for Laski's lectures for subsidiary. Government's easy, just reading books. Switch to that till you're clear what to do.’

The 'Value' of Knowledge

2009 ◽  
pp. 479-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Boehm ◽  
Chris Land
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Dominant Source ◽  
The Third ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Theory ◽  
Theory Of Value ◽  
Is Value

Knowledge is implicitly assumed to form an increasingly important, or even the dominant source of values for today’s knowledge based organizations. It is rare, however, to encounter writings questioning what is ‘value’, enquiring into its provenance, or examining its distribution amongst organization’s stakeholders. This chapter asks these very questions, focusing on Marx’s (1976) formulation of value theory. Divided into four parts, it begins by giving a basic overview of the labour theory of value, as developed by Marx in mid 19th century, industrialised England. The second part examines Roy Jacques’ (2000) critique of Marx, his rejection of the adequacy of ‘labour’ as a concept for analysing contemporary value production, and his call for a ‘knowledge theory of value’. The third section focuses on labour process theorist Paul Thompson (2005) and his challenge to the idea that labour and knowledge are fundamentally different. The fourth part extends this concern with ‘other’ forms of contemporary labour to a more global level by examining De Angelis’ (2006) and Retort’s (2005) suggestion that the global economy today is driven by acts of enclosure and ‘primitive accumulation.’

Howard Goldblatt’s Three Treaties or Treatments of Translation

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Wensheng Deng ◽  
Ke Zhang
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Organic Unity ◽  
The Third

The paper is an introduction and discussion of Howard Goldblatt’s three treaties or treatments of translations, i.e.1.The translation is faithful to the original as an organic unity, 2. the translation is supposed to faithfully convey the images of the original, 3.Above all, he always takes the readers of his translation into first consideration. The first clause refers to Howard Goldblatt’s rewriting of the original, to some extent, following western Poetics, which is loyal to the original as a whole; the second means to focus on rendering the original images to incarnate the original spirit, whose ultimate goal is to ensure the literariness of a translation; and the third one requires a translator, first of all, should put the readers of the translation in the first place, that is to say, reader-oriented, such as their aesthetic intent and interest, to arouse their resonance emotionally. By adopting the fore-mentioned principles, Howard Goldblatt’s translations are recognized and acclaimed over the stage of world literature.

scholarly journals Arbitrary grounding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Werner
Keyword(s):  
Metaphysical Explanation ◽  
States Of Affairs ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to introduce, elucidate and defend the usefulness of a variant of grounding, or metaphysical explanation, that has the feature that the grounds explain of some states of affairs that one of them obtains without explaining which one obtains. I will dub this variant arbitrary grounding. After informally elucidating the basic idea in the first section, I will provide three metaphysical hypotheses that are best formulated in terms of arbitrary grounding in the second section. The third section will be concerned with the relation between arbitrary grounding and non-arbitrary grounding. The fourth section will compare arbitrary grounding to two extant proposals in the literature.

scholarly journals On the Nature, Existence and Significance of Organic Unities

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Michael J. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Related Phenomenon ◽  
Isolation Method ◽  
Fitting Attitudes ◽  
Organic Unity ◽  
Section 8 ◽  
Organic Unities ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
General Objection ◽  
Extended Discussion

Many philosophers have endorsed G. E. Moore’s principle of organic unities – according to which the value of a whole must not be assumed to be the same as the sum of the values of its parts – claiming this principle to be of fundamental importance to ethics. In this paper, I cast doubt on the principle. In Section 1, I provide a provisional reformulation of the principle of organic unities and contrast such unities with mere sums of value. In Section 2, I do some groundwork in order to arrive at an account of the part–whole relation with which the principle of organic unities is concerned. In so doing, I provide some further reformulations of that principle. In Section 3, I discuss the isolation method that Moore proposes for determining the value of something, and then, in Section 4, I begin an extended discussion of a particular example of an alleged organic unity, namely, Schadenfreude. I explain why some philosophers claim that such pleasure constitutes an organic unity, but I also present reasons for denying this claim. In Section 5, I pursue one of these reasons in particular, a reason that appeals to the concept of what I call evaluative inadequacy, and, in Section 6, I seek to motivate this appeal by drawing on the relation between value and fitting attitudes. In so doing, I provide still further reformulations of the principle of organic unities. In Section 7, I entertain objections to my account of Schadenfreude, one of which requires one final reformulation of the principle of organic unities, and then, in Section 8, I discuss the more general objection that, even if my reasons for denying that Schadenfreude constitutes an organic unity are cogent, these reasons do not extend to other alleged organic unities, such as the related phenomenon of Mitleid. In the final section, I address the significance of the debate about whether the principle of organic unities is true.

scholarly journals Etyka Tadeusza Czeżowskiego wobec kultury nowych mediów

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 263-277
Author(s):  
Wacław Branicki
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Media Culture ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Virtual Experience ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mind

Tadeusz Czeżowski’s Ethics towards New Media Culture This paper seeks to answer the question whether Tadeusz Czeżowski’s concept of ethics and value theory can be useful in a culture whose shape is largely determined by new media. On the basis of the collected arguments, it is argued that certain elements of Czeżowski’s system may help to solve some problems arising in this context. The first is the imbalance between real and virtual experience. An ontological exercise is proposed here. The second is setting the mind on permanent, mediated communication. Axiological exercises are the remedy. The third problem is the loss of holistic experience of self and the world. Philosophical exercises based on general concepts may be helpful here.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document