scholarly journals A Genealogy of Literal Translation in Modern Japan

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Mizuno
Keyword(s):  
Information Structure ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Japanese Language ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Meiji Period ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Translation Strategy ◽  
Modern Japan

In modern Japan, especially in the Meiji period (1868-1912), translations occupied a dominant position in the literary polysystem. This paper claims that, since the Meiji period, “competing translational norms” have existed in the Japanese literary polysystem, which is to say that “literal” (adequate) and “free” (acceptable) translations have existed in parallel, vying for superior status. Moreover, this paper traces the literalist tradition in modern Japan. Though “literal” translation has been widely criticized, the styles and expressions it created have made a significant contribution to the founding and development of the modern Japanese language and its literature. Among the arguments in favor of literal translation, Iwano Homei’s literal translation strategy—the so-called “straight translation”—had different features than the others, and thus the potential to produce translations that maintain the cohesion, coherence, information structure and illocutionary effects of the source text.

scholarly journals FOREIGNIZATION AND DOMESTICATION IN THE MINISTERIAL WEBSITE LOCALIZATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-145
Author(s):  
Ely Hayati Nasution ◽  
Roswita Silalahi ◽  
Vivi Adryani Nasution
Keyword(s):  
Reliable Information ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Translation Strategy ◽  
Website Localization

The translation is a representation of the effect of developing technology on language. Translated website or website localization with the easiness of accessibility is considered as the most efficient space for transferring the information nowadays. It certainly involves the appropriate translation strategies in order to provide reliable information required. This research aims to identify the translation strategy involved under foreignization and domestication reference in the official website localization of Ministry of Health of Republic of Indonesia, to find out the most dominant translation strategy used, and to analyze the reasons to what extent foreignization and domestication applied, by referring the classifications proposed by Venuti (2008). The source of data was taken from five (5) popular news along 2018 which were broken down into 191 data analyzed, consisting of 5 headlines in the form of phrases and sentences, contents totally written in 161 sentences, and 25 sub-contents in the form of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. The research found that the translator used all eight (8) translation strategies under domestication and foreignization reference including literal translation, transliteration, borrowing, transference, transposition, omission, addition, and adaptation, simultaneously or separately. Literal translation becomes the most dominant translation strategy used and it can indicate that the website localization is translated into source text-oriented.

A corpus-based study on imagery and symbolism in Goldblatt’s translation of Red Sorghum

Babel ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Lin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Literary Translation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Mo Yan ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Figures Of Speech ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Translation Strategy ◽  
Translation Study ◽  
Key Word

Abstract Research on Goldblatt’s translation of Red Sorghum has attracted more attention in recent years after its author Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize for this work. This translation study has addressed the imagery and symbolism in this classic Chinese work, an area that has yet to be investigated with the use of empirical data. The study employed the corpus-based approach, and analysed the translation of images and symbols based on a parallel translation corpus of Chapters 1 and 2 found in the text of Red Sorghum. Most important images and symbols are represented by 30 distinct nouns in the novel as successfully translated into English as a result of the translator’s adoption of a literal translation strategy. A more focused examination of a translation of the most prominent key word, sorghum, finds that the translator has faithfully adopted the imagery and symbolism techniques in the source text whenever conveying the images and symbols of sorghum across cultures. Based on the findings, this study argues that images and symbols in the source text may present themselves in the translation of novels if translators adopt a source-oriented translation strategy. Our analyses of the translation of figures of speech, namely similes, personifications and repetitions further highlight the importance of taking concert and literal translation strategies into the realm of literary translation.

scholarly journals The Translation of Idioms in George Orwell’s Animal Farm

Lexicon ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Husnul Abdi ◽  
Aris Munandar
Keyword(s):  
Original Text ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Translation Strategy ◽  
Phrasal Verb ◽  
Animal Farm ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

This research aims to study the use of idioms in Animal Farm (1954) and their translation into Bahasa Indonesia. The idioms found in the original text are classified based on the classification of idioms by Adam Makkai (1972). The idiom translation strategy is identified by comparing the idioms in the source text to the translation in the target text. The research identifies 156 idioms and classifies them into phrasal verb idioms (39%), tournure idioms (34%), irreversible binomials (11%), phrasal compound idioms (14%), and incorporating verb idioms (2%). There are 4 strategies to translate an idiom following Mona Baker (1992) and 1 strategy following Newmark (1991). The idiom translation strategy is classified into translating an idiom by using an idiom of similar meaning and form (1.92%), translating an idiom by using an idiom of similar meaning but different form (1.92%), translating an idiom by using paraphrase (85.90%), translating an idiom by using omission (0.64%), and literal translation strategy (9.62%).

TINGKAT KEAKURATAN TERJEMAHAN BAHASA INGGRIS KE BAHASA INDONESIA OLEH GOOGLE TRANSLATE

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noezafri Amar
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
English Text ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Johann Gottfried Herder ◽  
Translation Strategy ◽  
Source Data ◽  
Accuracy Level ◽  
Combined Strategy ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

This research was aimed at describing the accuracy level of Google Translate especially in translating English text into Indonesian based on language error analysis and the use of equivalence strategy. The data were collected by taking one paragraph from Johann Gottfried Herder’s Selected Writings on Aesthetics book as the source text. Then they were translated by Google Translate (GT). The data of GT translation were analyzed by comparing them with the measurement instrument of translation equivalence level and elaborating the equivalence strategy of GT. By doing so the language errors were seen thus the accuracy level of GT translation could be described. The result of this research showed that (1) out of 13 source data only 4 or 31% are accurate translation, 7 or 54% are less accurate translation, and 2 or 15% are inaccurate translation. Therefore it is implied that its reliability for accurate level is only 31%. Half of them is less understandable and a few are not understandable. (2) If the appropriate equivalence translation strategy is sufficiently transposition and literal, GT can produce an accurate translation. (3) If the appropriate equivalence translation strategy is combined strategy between transposition and modulation or descriptive, more difficult strategies, GT just produce less accurate translation because it kept using literal and transposition strategies. (4) But if the appropriate equivalence translation strategy is only modulation, GT just produce inaccurate translation which is not understandable because it can only use transposition strategy. Even if the appropriate equivalence translation strategy is just a transposition strategy, in one case, GT failed to translate and it produced inaccurate translation because its strategy is only literal. In conclusion, especially in this case study, Google Translate can only translate English source text into Indonesian correctly if the appropriate equivalence translation strategy is just literal or transposition.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tingkat keakuratan Google Translate khususnya dalam menerjemahkan teks berbahasa Inggris ke dalam bahasa Indonesia berdasarkan analisis kesalahan bahasa dan penggunaan strategi pemadanan. Data dikumpulkan dengan mengambil satu paragraf dari buku Johann Gottfried Herder yang berjudul ‘Selected Writings on Aesthetics’ sebagai teks sumber. Kemudian data tersebut diterjemahkan oleh Google Translate (GT). Data terjemahan GT itu dianalisis dengan cara membandingkannya dengan instrumen pengukur tingkat kesepadanan terjemahan dan menjelaskan strategi pemadanan yang digunakan. Dengan melakukan hal tersebut kesalahan bahasanya dapat terlihat sehingga tingkat keakuratan terjemahan GT dapat dideskripsikan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa (1) Dari 13 data sumber hanya 4 data atau 31% yang merupakan terjemahan akurat, 7 data atau 54% merupakan terjemahan yang kurang akurat, dan 2 data atau 15% merupakan terjemahan tidak akurat. Dengan demikian tingkat kehandalannya sampai pada tingkat akurat hanya sebesar 31% saja. Sementara sekitar setengahnya lagi kurang dapat dipahami. Sedangkan sisanya tidak bisa dipahami. (2) Apabila strategi pemadanan yang seharusnya dipakai cukup transposisi dan terjemahan literal saja ternyata GT mampu menghasilkan terjemahan yang akurat. (3) Apabila strategi yang harus dipakai adalah strategi kombinasi antara transposisi dan modulasi atau deskriptif, strategi yang lebih sulit, GT hanya mampu menghasilkan terjemahan yang kurang akurat karena tetap menggunakan strategi penerjemahan literal dan transposisi saja. (4) Tetapi apabila strategi yang seharusnya dipakai hanya strategi modulasi saja GT hanya menghasilkan terjemahan tidak akurat, yang tidak bisa dipahami karena hanya mampu memakai strategi transposisi saja. Bahkan jika seharusnya strategi yang dipakai adalah sekedar transposisi, pada satu kasus, GT ternyata gagal menerjemahkan dan menghasilkan terjemahan tidak akurat karena strategi yang dipakainya adalah penerjemahan literal. Sebagai simpulan, khususnya dalam studi kasus ini, Google Translate hanya mampu menerjemahkan teks sumber berbahasa Inggris ke dalam bahasa Indonesia secara akurat jika strategi pemadanannya yang sesuai hanya sekedar literal atau transposisi.

TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF PROMISING AND OFFERING UTTERANCES IN FORREST GUMP MOVIE

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Anita Dwianasari
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Dynamic Equivalence ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Translation Technique ◽  
Translation Analysis ◽  
Translation Techniques

The purpose of the paper is to analyze the promising and offering utterances in commissive of speech act, translation techniques and its equivalences in Forrest Gump movie subtitles. The method used is qualitative method. The results showed several techniques employed, such as adaptation, borrowing, established equivalent, linguistic compression, literal translation, modulation, particularization, reduction, transposition, and variation. The translation technique mostly used is established equivalence. For the shift rendering in source text and target text in Forrest Gump movie subtitles, it is concluded that mostly the data do not occur any shift in promising or offering utterances. Also, in terms of translation equivalence, the dominant kind of translation equivalence in this research is dynamic equivalence.

Literal translation: A study with several translation techniques to get a good translation result

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vartina Riecher
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Print Media ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Language Style ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Different Cultures

In translating advertisements, there are things to keep in mind. First, ad text has a different type of character from other text, secondly, there are limitations in the ad itself. An advertisement is limited to customs and habits, religion and beliefs, norms and ethics as well as the use of language and language style. This implies that an advertisement cannot freely express the ideas or ideas of producers to potential consumers, especially if the advertisement is aimed at consumers who have different languages ​​and of course different cultures. A picture or sentence that can be considered neutral in one area but has a different interpretation in another. For example: in a print media commercial advertisement issued by the local government, one type of regional superior product is written which is called 'sarong goyor'. If this advertisement is given to an audience outside the area where the source text originates, then the word sarong goyor may become lepas in its meaning. For this reason, in translating a text, the translator needs to understand the approach, strategy and ideology used by the translator.

Metaphoric proverbs in efl learners’ translation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadia Belkhir
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
First Language ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Semantic Equivalence ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Adequate Method

Abstract Metaphoric proverbs represent interesting cultural instances of conventional metaphors (Belkhir 2014, 2012). The ubiquity of metaphoric proverbs in language and the problems this phenomenon causes in translation is an issue that requires close attention. Translation aims at providing semantic equivalence between two languages. According to Vinay and Darbelnet (1995), equivalence constitutes the adequate method that should be used by translators when dealing with proverbs. However, no translator can provide perfect translation of a source text due to cultural specificities. The present paper offers a modest report of an experimental study conducted with a group of efl students who have been taught translation as a subject in a higher education context (Mouloud Mammeri University). A set of English proverbs has been collected to build up the experiment that was administered to the subjects who were asked to translate them into Arabic, then into their first language, Kabyle. The question raised is whether these students are able to translate the proverbs appropriately. The study aims (1) to investigate translation strategies used by efl learners; and (2) to show how leaners’ L1 (Kabyle) and L2 (Arabic) interfere in the translation of English proverbs. The results showed that the more the students were acquainted with proverbs, the more they used equivalence in their translation. Similarly, the lesser they were acquainted with proverbs, the more they used literal translation or paraphrase. In addition, some translations provided by the participants revealed the presence of language interference.

scholarly journals Translation Strategies of Similes in “Game of Thrones” Novel

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
Dellia Erdita
Keyword(s):  
Type A ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Change Strategy ◽  
Original Source ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Change Type ◽  
Translation Strategy ◽  
Type C ◽  
Game Of Thrones

This research aims to find out the similes found in the novel “Game of Thrones” and its Indonesian translation “Perebutan Tahta”, and to investigate what translation strategies are used in translating the similes from the source text to the target text. The method applied in this research is descriptive qualitative which is used to describe the phenomena occuring in the translation of similes from English into Indonesian. The data were collected from the first three chapters of the novel Game of Thrones by George R. R. Martin and its Indonesian version entitled Perebutan Tahta. The similes are identified by using the theories of similes proposed by Israel (2014), Harding (2017), Knowles and Moon (2006), and Kridalaksana (2013). In analyzing the data, the translation strategies proposed by Chesterman (2016) are used. The result shows that there are 32 data found, 28 of them are similes translated into similes, while 4 of them are similes translated into non-similes. The translation strategy used to translate similes into similes is trope change type A, while the translation strategy used to translate similes into non-similes are trope change type C. The findings show that the translation of similes into similes are dominant in the first three chapter of the novel with the percentage 87,5% from out of 32 data found, while the translation from similes to non-similes is only 12,5%. The findings also show that there is secondary strategy found while analyzing the data, namely compression. Nevertheless, regardless of the fact that the similes in the source text are translated into similes and non-similes in the target text, the main translation strategy used is still trope change, although the types are different. For the reason that the trope change strategy is specifically stated by Chesterman to translate figurative expressions, which includes simile. Furthermore, the secondary strategy, compression, occurred because due to the structure of Indonesian language, the translation in the target text tends to be shorter than the original source text in English.

scholarly journals Translating The Disaster of Mourice Blanchot Between Ann Smock and Azzedine Chentouf

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Soufiane Laachiri
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
English Translation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Arabic Translation ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Original Meaning ◽  
Other Hand

The present article attempts to present a succinct and circumspect comparison between two different translations for Mourice Blanchot’s book « L’écriture du désastre ».The first translation was performed by Ann Smock in 1995 and was from French into English, while the other translation was skillfully produced by Azzedine Chentouf from French into Arabic in 2018. The contrast in attitudes and translational fertilization has provided us with ample opportunities to study, reflect on, and rethink the nexus of  Blanchot’s philosophy from different linguistic perspectives. However, in our attempt to formulate our judgments on the English and Arabic versions of the book, we can judge by an escapable logic and with analytical evidence that the English translation entitled « The writing of the disaster » has intensified the hold of a literal translation that makes the chances of being close to the original meaning of the source text depressingly small. Chentouf’s translation, on the other hand, remains profoundly meaningful; it is capable of going down into the marrow of  Blanchot’s thought to assert understanding of his intellectual complexities. In brief, despite the triviality of the advanced examples, we are certain that Azzedine Chentouf, through his Arabic translation, knows the hard philosophical portrait of Mourice Blanchot in its inclusiveness. Therefore, it is no surprise that every choice he makes in this translation explains his tremendous efforts as a philosopher first before being ranked as a translator.

scholarly journals A Meiji-kori japán nyelv forrásai

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2018/1) ◽  
Author(s):  
András Zsigmond Albeker
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Language ◽  
Congressional Record ◽  
Meiji Period ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Meiji Era ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Linguistic Material

While the stenographic records of the Meiji era have been analyzed in thecontext of linguistic research into the unification of the spoken and writtenlanguage (gembun icchi 言文一致), vocabulary and grammar, there is somedebate as to the value of these records. This paper aims to clarify what kinds of difference occurred in the process of translating and typing the shorthand symbols into magazines andnewspapers. It has become clear that the stenographed speeches published in newspapers and magazines were not faithful reproductions of the original texts. Tomake it easier for the reader to understand, mistakes were rectified in the transcribing process, words and word forms were corrected by the stenographer and/or the editor. It seems that- as linguistic material - the value of a stenographic record ishigher than that of a shorthand book. However, very few shorthand manuscripts have so far been confirmed and in genre they are closer to stenographed speeches. We can assume that if a shorthand manuscript such as rakugo落語 or the Imperial Congressional Record were to be discovered, our understanding of the Meiji period Japanese language would be further enhanced.

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