scholarly journals Framing Terminology: A Process-Oriented Approach1

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Faber Benítez ◽  
Carlos Márquez Linares ◽  
Miguel Vega Expósito
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Coastal Engineering ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Entire System ◽  
Frame Semantics ◽  
Conceptual Organization ◽  
Adequate Representation ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
Process Oriented ◽  
Case Frames

Abstract The frame notion used in Frame Semantics can be traced to case frames, which were said to characterize a small abstract situation in such a way that if one wished to understand the semantic structure of a verb it was necessary to understand the properties of the entire scene that it activated. A frame has been more broadly defined as any system of concepts related in such a way that one concept evokes the entire system. In this sense, it bears an obvious affinity with terminology, which is also based on such conceptual organization. However, despite the fact that Frame Semantics has been usefully applied to lexicology and syntax, so far it has not been systematically applied to terminology. This paper argues for a frame-based organization of specialized fields in which a dynamic process-oriented frame provides the conceptual underpinnings for the location of sub-hierarchies of concepts within a specialized domain event, and the elaboration of a definition template, thus opening the door to a more adequate representation of specialized fields as well as supplying a better way of linking terms to concepts. The domain of coastal engineering is used as an example because the entities in play take part in processes that are difficult to describe only by means of conceptual trees. Through the use of corpus data we demonstrate how it is possible to represent such an event and create a dynamic frame which enriches and enhances the understanding of specialized field concepts.

Process-oriented terminology management in the domain of Coastal Engineering

Terminology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Faber ◽  
Silvia Montero Martínez ◽  
María Rosa Castro Prieto ◽  
José Senso Ruiz ◽  
Juan Antonio Prieto Velasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Knowledge Extraction ◽  
Coastal Engineering ◽  
Conceptual Category ◽  
Conceptual Representations ◽  
Knowledge Resource ◽  
Conceptual Organization ◽  
Syntactic Information ◽  
Graphic Information ◽  
Process Oriented

This article describes the theoretical premises and methodology presently being used in the development of the PuertoTerm database on Coastal Engineering. In our project there are three foci, which are highly relevant to the elaboration of lexicographic and terminological products: (1) the conceptual organization underlying any knowledge resource; (2) the multidimensional nature of conceptual representations; and (3) knowledge extraction through the use of multilingual corpora. In this sense we propose a frame-based organization of specialized fields in which a dynamic, process-oriented event frame provides the conceptual underpinnings for the location of sub-hierarchies of concepts within a specialized domain event. We explain how frames with semantic and syntactic information can be specified within this type of framework, and also discuss issues regarding concept denomination and terminological meaning, based on the use of definitional schemas for each conceptual category. We also offer a typology of images for the inclusion of graphic information in each entry, depending on the nature of the concept.

From the past into the present: From case frames to semantic frames

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans C. Boas ◽  
Ryan Dux
Keyword(s):  
Frame Semantics ◽  
Semantic Roles ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Case Grammar ◽  
Data Formats ◽  
Semantic Frames ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
Case Frames

AbstractThis paper first shows how Frame Semantics grew out of earlier work on Case Grammar. Then, it discusses some of the basic principles of Frame Semantics and shows how these have been implemented in FrameNet, an online corpus-based lexicographic database (http://framenet.icsi.berkeley.edu). Using semantic frames to structure the lexicon of English, FrameNet provides a wealth of information showing how frame elements (situation-specific semantic roles) are realized syntactically (valence patterns). Finally, the paper provides an overview of how frame-semantic principles have been applied to cover non-lexical phenomena using compatible annotation and data formats. This so-called “constructicon” offers entries of grammatical constructions that are also based on corpus data and that are parallel to lexical entries in FrameNet.

Integrating corpus data in dynamic knowledge bases

Terminology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maribel Tercedor ◽  
Clara I. López Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Coastal Engineering ◽  
Lexical Information ◽  
Corpus Design ◽  
Conceptual Organization ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
Design Retrieval

Terminological information is a key element in the construction of a knowledge base. In order for a knowledge base to be useful to different users, terminological information should be extracted from corpora so as to reflect the different pragmatic nuances. Puertoterm is a knowledge base in the field of Coastal Engineering, which has made use of corpus information to develop terminological entries. It also includes contextual information in such a way that this information interacts with other elements of the knowledge base. We describe the methodology followed in the project regarding corpus design, retrieval of lexical information, conceptual organization of the domain of Coastal Engineering, and the elaboration of terminological entries.

scholarly journals Commentary on Engen et al: Risk-based, dynamic, process-oriented monitoring strategies and their burden

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marnie Bertolet ◽  
Maria Mori Brooks ◽  
Jeffrey L Carson
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Monitoring Strategies ◽  
Process Oriented

scholarly journals ᴍᴀᴛᴛᴀ-rakenteen kognitiivista semantiikkaa

Virittäjä ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Hamunen
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Structure ◽  
General Level ◽  
Frame Semantics ◽  
States Of Affairs ◽  
Semantic Relationships ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Digital Morphology ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
The Relationship

Tässä artikkelissa käsitellään mA-infinitiivin abessiivin adjunktikäyttöjen eli MATTA-rakenteen (esim. syömättä, juomatta, nukkumatta) merkityksiä lauseen kokoisissa ilmauksissa murreaineistossa. Aineistona käytetään Lauseopin arkiston (LA) ja Digitaalisen muoto-opin arkiston (DMA) kokoelmia sekä Suomen murteiden sanakirjan (SMS) osien 1–8 sana-artikkeleita. Tutkimus pureutuu muun muassa siihen, 1) millainen kiellon tyyppi adjunktina toimiva infinitiivirakenne yleisesti on ja 2) millaisia adverbiaalisia merkityksiä sille on tulkittavissa. Kysymysten selvittelyyn käytetään korpusaineiston (perinteistä) syntaktis-semanttista analyysia ja kehyssemantiikkaa konstruktiokieliopin sovellusalana. Adverbiaalina MATTA-rakenne kiinnittyy hallitsevan rakenteen ilmaisemaan kehykseen ja sen merkitystulkinnat riippuvat infinitiivirakenteen ja finiittiverbin keskinäisistä suhteista. Tulkintaan vaikuttavia tekijöitä ovat leksikaalinen semantiikka (esim. hyponymia), subjektitulkinnat (sama- tai erisubjektisuus), temporaaliset suhteet (sama- tai eriaikaiset asiaintilat) sekä muut tapahtumien väliset kehyssemanttiset suhteet. Käy ilmi, että Te-infinitiivin instruktiivi (TEN-rakenne, esim. syöden), mA-infinitiivin adessiivi (MALLA-rakenne, esim. syömällä) sekä MATTA-rakenne muodostavat suomen infinitiivijärjestelmässä oman semanttisen ryhmänsä, joka ilmaisee erilaisia myötätapahtumisen merkityksiä, kuten tapaa, keinoa ja oheistekoa, finiittiverbillä kuvatun tapahtuman lisäksi. Ne ovat siis niin kutsuttuja lähikonstruktioita, jotka kuvaavat samoja tavan (väljästi) merkityksiä. Lisäksi MATTA-rakenteen abessiivin käsiterakenteen kompleksisuudesta seuraa se, että rakenteen suhde finiittirakenteeseen voi olla myös väljempi kuin TEN- ja MALLA-rakenteilla.   The cognitive semantics of the MATTA-construction This article deals with the meanings of the mA-infinitive abessive (e.g. syö-mättä ‘without eating’, juo-matta ‘without drinking’, nukku-matta ‘without sleeping’) as an adjunct in phrasal expressions in the light of dialect corpora (MATTA-construction). The data has been gathered from Lauseopin arkisto (LA, Syntax Archive), Digitaalinen Muoto-opin arkisto (DMA, Digital Morphology Archive), and from volumes 1–8 of Suomen murteiden sanakirja (SMS, Dictionary of Finnish dialects). The research concentrates on issues such as 1) what type of negation the adverbial MATTA-construction constitutes on a general level and 2) what adverbial meanings can be inferred from it. To examine these questions, the author has employed the (traditional) syntactic–semantic analysis of the corpus data and Frame Semantics as a branch of Construction Grammar. As an adverbial, the MATTA-structure is conceptually attached to a frame defined by the dominant finite structure, and its meanings depend on the relationship between the finite and the infinite structures. Factors influencing this interpretation are lexical semantics (e.g. hyponymy), subject interpretations (the same or different subjects), temporality (the same or different temporal affinities), and other frame semantic relationships between states of affairs. It becomes apparent that the Te-infinitive instructive (TEN-structure, e.g. syö-den ‘by eating’), the mA-infinitive adessive (MALLA-structure, e.g. syö-mällä ‘by (means of) eating’), and the MATTA-structure constitute a semantic subgroup, i.e. infinitives of manner and means within the Finnish infinitive system. These are associated with divergent meanings of manner. However, the MATTA-structure also carries other meanings of negation due to the complex conceptual structure of the abessive.  

scholarly journals Assessing morphologically motivated transfer in parallel corpora

Target ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Defrancq ◽  
Gudrun Rawoens
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Positive Transfer ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Corpus Study ◽  
Parallel Corpora ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
Process Oriented ◽  
Oriented Research

Abstract This paper proposes a new way of identifying and analysing positive transfer on the basis of corpus data. Taking stock of process-oriented research into what is called ‘literal translation’, transfer is defined as an instance in which a translator is primed into using a target language item that is formally similar to the source item to be translated, when alternatives are available. In order to measure the extent to which morphological transfer is present in translation, a study is conducted on translations of negative prefixes in parallel corpora of French, Swedish and Dutch. The corpus study revealed that (1) transfer is by far the main translation option translators choose in all corpora involved, (2) transfer is more frequent when translators have the opportunity to use a cognate prefix in the other language, (3) transfer is more frequent between languages belonging to the same language family. The results of the study contradict the generally acknowledged fact that transfer is more likely from a language which is culturally dominant to a language which is not.

The semantics of the English complex preposition next to

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 438-464
Author(s):  
Maria Brenda
Keyword(s):  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor Theory ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Cognitive Framework ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
Abstract Domains ◽  
Corpus Data

Abstract The present paper is an analysis of the semantic structure of the complex spatial preposition next to. Theoretical concepts of the cognitive framework promote a deep understanding of spatial relations and their metaphorical transfers encoded by individual prepositional senses. Assuming the usage-based model of language, the study takes a closer look at corpus data which is the basis for proposing five distinct meanings of the preposition under investigation. Conceptual metaphor theory is used to explain metaphorical transfer of spatial next to to abstract domains of human experience.

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