scholarly journals Riding into Place: Contact Zones, Rodeo, and Hybridity in the Canadian West 1900–19701

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-132
Author(s):  
Mary-Ellen Kelm
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Native People ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Native Community ◽  
Mixed Heritage ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
Community Organizers ◽  
Emergent Community

Abstract Each year, people gathered in small towns across the Canadian west to participate in rodeos and stampedes. While these events were often organized to promote and celebrate the non-Native community, organizers were keen to invite Aboriginal people. And Aboriginal people flocked to them. This paper explores the ways in which rodeos and stampedes functioned as points of contact between First Nations, mixed-heritage, and non-Native people. It explores why non-Native communities invited First Nations and why Aboriginal people accepted. It examines the place of on-reserve rodeos in the development of rodeo in western Canada and the extent to which they attracted non-Native people. It then examines how interactions at rodeos were structured by gender and racialization, and how these structures were sometimes overcome. Finally, it offers a glimpse at the emergent community of professional rodeo which, reputedly, embraced all rodeo cowboys regardless of ethnicity. In so doing, this paper explores how hybridity and liminality played a role in the development of Western Canadian rodeo and hence in the community celebrations in towns and cities in British Columbia and Alberta.

From Pictures to Numbers: Vision Mapping and Sustainability Collaboration between Native American Community Members and Mainstream Scientists

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Murry ◽  
Keith James ◽  
Damon Drown
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Native People ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Community Sustainability ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Native Community ◽  
Native Communities

Native communities, in managing their health, education, land, and community development, must constantly interact with mainstream government agencies, academic institutions, and other entities. Cultural worldviews influence such interactions, as do memories of the negative historical encounters Native communities have had with non-Native society. To help foster collaboration between mainstream scientists and Native people toward sustainability, a technique of having them cooperatively develop pictorial visions (i.e. Vision Maps) of Native community sustainability was employed. This paper describes the development of a method of analyzing the resulting pictures and the conclusions that were drawn from collaborative sustainability visions.

scholarly journals Old Keyam – A Framework for Examining Disproportionate Experience of Tuberculosis Among Aboriginal Peoples of the Canadian Prairies

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Kathleen McMullin ◽  
Sylvia Abonyi ◽  
Maria Mayan ◽  
Pamela Orr ◽  
Carmen Lopez-Hille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Aboriginal Peoples ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Tuberculosis Transmission ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study ◽  
Collaborative Efforts

On the Canadian Prairies, First Nations and Métis peoples are disproportionately affected by tuberculosis (TB) compared to other Canadians. Statistics show enduring transmission and high rates of active TB disease. Despite awareness of the social determinants of TB transmission—such as substance abuse, comorbidities, and basic needs being unmet—transmission and outbreaks continue to occur among Aboriginal people. The Determinants of Tuberculosis Transmission project is a mixed methods, interdisciplinary study that used quantitative questionnaires and qualitative interviews to look more closely at patients’ experiences of TB. Provincial Network Committees (PNCs) comprised of Elders, traditionalists, community-based TB workers, and health researchers in three participating provinces guided the project from inception through to data analysis, interpretation, and dissemination. The collaborative efforts of the patients, the research team, and the PNCs uncovered a continuing influence of colonization in TB transmission. Overwhelming feelings of apathy and despair for the hold that TB continues to have in the lives of patients, families, and communities is captured by the Cree word “keyam,” which may be translated as “to give up” or to ask, “What is the use?” This paper explores the concept of keyam in relation to TB transmission.

They Always Come Back

2019 ◽  
pp. 160-186
Author(s):  
Douglas K. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Native People ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Power Networks ◽  
Skid Row ◽  
Red Power ◽  
Native Communities

The story of Native American urbanization and the urban relocation program typically concludes with a generation of Native people either stuck on “skid row” or fighting for a way out through the “Red Power” movement. There was a different but equally important outcome, however, in that many Native people made successful transitions to urban life on their own terms, while many others returned to reservation or rural Native communities and saw new opportunities there while drawing upon urban experiences to make contributions to tribal economic and political initiatives. Virtually an entire generation of new Native American tribal leaders drew upon years of experience living in major urban areas where they gained a more intimate understanding of how settler economies, politics, and power networks functioned.

Psycho-Social Problems Associated with Resource Development in Three Northern Native Communities

1983 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Hobart
Keyword(s):  
Community Life ◽  
Native Community ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
Fort Mcmurray ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Zinc Mine ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Broad Region

Analysis of data from three contrasting northern resource developments showed differing patterns of psycho-social stresses on native populations. At Coppermine, many Inuit employees travelled to distant work sites with frequent rotations between home and work. Relatively few North Baffin Inuit travelled to the lead-zinc mine at Nanisivik for lengthy periods in camp. In contrast, the Syncrude developments in the Fort McMurray area affected native community life over a broad region and particularly in Fort MacKay. The Coppermine and Nanisivik experience indicated that rotation employment was the source of most disruptive impacts: whereas the experiences of Fort MacKay illustrated major negative impacts to communities in close proximity to major resource developments.

Aboriginal Trade in Fish and Seafoods to Settlers in Nineteenth-Century South-East Queensland: A Vibrant Industry?

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Kerkhove
Keyword(s):  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Native People ◽  
Aboriginal Peoples ◽  
Exchange Networks ◽  
European Contact ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Aboriginal Society ◽  
European Trade ◽  
Colonial Economy ◽  
The Impact

Aboriginal peoples have been ‘doing business’ with foreigners for centuries (McCarthy 1939; Langton, Mazel and Palmer 2006), yet research to date has focused either on traditional exchange networks (Donovan and Wall 2004) or the impact of Western goods. Thus Harrison (2002) and Jones (2007) plotted Aboriginal exchange values and redistribution systems for iron and cloth. The general impression from such works is that, following European contact, Aboriginal society was radically transformed, while Europeans received curios. For example, Western goods stimulated a ‘glass artefact industry’ (Harrison 2003) and Aboriginal ‘doggers’ controlled dingos (Young 2010), but only officials or anthropologists had use for the resultant spearheads and scalps. At best, Aboriginal–European trade is considered inconsequential — ‘trinkets for trash’ — while Noel Butlin's (1994) analysis of the colonial economy entirely ignores it. Discussion of profitable exchange seems limited to the post-1950s arts trade (Kleinert 2010: 175). The notion that Aboriginal people might ‘flourish’ in trade or labour with Europeans (e.g. Anderson 1983) is discarded as absurd (White 2011: 81). This is perplexing, because colonial expansion saw commercial exchanges with Indigenous peoples all over the globe. Trade between Europeans and native people forms the opening chapter of national histories — for example, those of Canada and New Zealand (Innis 1999; Salmond 1997; McLusker 2006).

scholarly journals The Lack of Association Between Bacille Calmette-Guerin Vaccination and Clustering of Aboriginals with Tuberculosis in Western Canada

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria J Cook ◽  
Eduardo Hernández-Garduño ◽  
Dennis Kunimoto ◽  
Earl S Hershfield ◽  
E Anne Fanning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Bacille Calmette Guerin ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
Culture Positive

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health problem for Aboriginal people in Canada, with high rates of clustering of active TB cases. Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination has been used as a preventive measure against TB in this high-risk population.OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to determine if BCG vaccination in Aboriginal people influenced recent TB transmission through an analysis of the clustering of TB cases.METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all culture-positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis cases in Aboriginal people in western Canada (1995 to 1997) was performed. Isolates were analyzed using standard methodology for restriction fragment length polymorphism and spoligotyping.RESULTS: Of 256 culture-positive Aboriginal TB cases, BCG status was confirmed in 216 (84%) cases; 34% had been vaccinated with BCG, 57% were male and 56% were living on-reserve. Patients who had been vaccinated with BCG were younger than unvaccinated individuals (mean age 32.4±1.65 years versus 45.0±1.8 years, P<0.0001). Clustering was found in 62% of cases: 59% of non-BCG vaccinated cases were clustered versus 68% of those vaccinated with BCG (P=0.16). Younger patients (younger than 60 years of age) were more likely to be clustered in the univariate analysis (P<0.01). When age, sex, province, and HIV and reserve status were controlled for, BCG vaccination was not associated with clustering (OR 1.3, 95% CI 0.7 to 2.6).CONCLUSIONS: BCG vaccinated Aboriginal people were no less likely to have active TB from recently transmitted disease. BCG vaccination appears to have limited value in preventing clustering of TB cases within this high-risk community.

scholarly journals First Nations, Metis, and Inuit Women's Health: A Rights-Based Approach

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Health Status ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Equality Rights ◽  
Aboriginal Women ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data ◽  
United Nations Declaration ◽  
Human Rights Standards

The health status of Aboriginal women in Canada is disparagingly low as compared to the non-Aboriginal population. The implementation of male centred legislation, policies, and institutions that are the hallmark of Canada’s colonial history have had a long-lasting impact on the health of Aboriginal women. Although Aboriginal women have unique sets of constitutionally protected rights, the government has failed to protect these rights.The purpose of this article is to present a constitutional and human rights-based approach to address constitutionally protected rights within the context of a distinctive Indigenous appreciation of social rights and of women’s substantive equality. This article is separated into three sections. First, using data from federal government and the Native Women’s Association of Canada statistics, the health status of Aboriginal women is examined. Many international instruments and agreements recognize a rights-based approach to health. Canada, as a signatory to a number of these agreements, has acknowledged its international obligations towards the health of Aboriginal people. Two of these agreements, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People, provide the human rights standards that bind Canada with regard to all Canadians and are examined in the second section. The last section suggests that a constitutional equality rights framework may offer a promising basis for future right to health assertions by Aboriginal women. Through an analysis of both collective and individual rights of Aboriginal women to health, section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982, and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, it becomes apparent that Canada is in breach of its constitutional obligations.

scholarly journals Understanding the Current Complexities of Indigenous Land Tenure and Toponymy: The Importance of Historical Indigenous Cartography with Indigenous Contributions to Euro/American/Canadian Cartography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel G. G Cole ◽  
and E. Richard Hart
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
First Nation ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
History Of Cartography ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Political Boundaries ◽  
Formal Concepts ◽  
History Of

In recent years, many libraries and archives have started digitizing their collections thus making maps by Indigenous peoples more easily available for scholars to study. While a number of these maps were discussed by G. Malcolm Lewis in the History of Cartography series (volume 2, book 3, Chapter 4: 1984), more have since been found and disseminated. These maps are critical in understanding the historic and current land tenure of Indigenous groups. Further, Indigenous claims to land can be seen in their connections via toponymy. European concepts of territory and political boundaries did not coincide with First Nation/American Indian views resulting in the mistaken view that Natives did not have formal concepts of their territories. Further, Tribes/First Nations with cross-border territory have special jurisdictional problems. This paper will illustrate how many Native residents were very spatially cognizant of their own lands, as well as neighboring nations&rsquo; lands, overlaps between groups, hunting territories, populations, and trade networks. Currently, the Sinixt First Nation provides a perfect example of how an Aboriginal people are inputting and using a GIS representation of their territory with proper toponymy and use areas.

scholarly journals Remote Landslide Puts Fraser River Salmon on Shaky Ground

Eos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley Evans Ogden
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Emergency Responders ◽  
Federal Leaders ◽  
Shaky Ground

An alliance of First Nations, provincial, and federal leaders worked with scientists, engineers, and emergency responders to rescue critical salmon stocks in western Canada.

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