scholarly journals Translation Principles vs. Translator Strategies

2002 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazem Lotfipour-Saedi
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Language Function ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Text Type ◽  
Context Of Situation ◽  
Determining Factor ◽  
Translation Principles

Abstract Having subscribed to a definite viewpoint on the nature of language and language use in interpersonal verbal transactions, one can set out to characterize the principles governing the translation process. But due to the highly volatile nature of the "context of situation" as a determining factor in the materialization of the language function, the translator cannot operate rigidly according to a set of principles in dealing with every text-type. He should rather use such principles as solid guidelines to make strategic decisions appropriate for every specific context of situation. This paper will first outline the dimensions of translation equivalence within a discoursal approach to language. It will then speculate on the strategies the translator can employ in relation to specific contextual and co-textual factors.

scholarly journals Can Frequency Account for the Grammatical Choices of Children and Adults in Nominal Modification Contexts? Evidence from Elicited Production and Child-Directed Speech

Languages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Emanuela Sanfelici ◽  
Petra Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Relative Clauses ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
High Production Rate ◽  
High Production ◽  
Acquisition Order

There is consensus that languages possess several grammatical variants satisfying the same conversational function. Nevertheless, it is a matter of debate which principles guide the adult speaker’s choice and the child’s acquisition order of these variants. Various proposals have suggested that frequency shapes adult language use and language acquisition. Taking the domain of nominal modification as its testing ground, this paper explores in two studies the role that frequency of structures plays for adults’ and children’s structural choices in German. In Study 1, 133 three- to six-year-old children and 21 adults were tested with an elicited production task prompting participants to identify an agent or a patient referent among a set of alternatives. Study 2 analyzed a corpus of child-directed speech to examine the frequency of passive relative clauses, which children, similar to adults, produced very often in Study 1. Importantly, passive relatives were found to be infrequent in the child input. These two results show that the high production rate of rare structures, such as passive relatives, is difficult to account for with frequency. We claim that the relation between frequency in natural speech and use of a given variant in a specific context is indirect: speakers may opt for the less grammatically complex computation rather than for the variant most frequently used in spontaneous speech.

scholarly journals Armenian Culture from the Semiotic Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2 (16)) ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
Armine Matevosyan ◽  
Manana Dalalyan
Keyword(s):  
Community Media ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Verbal Interactions ◽  
Social Community ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Large Context ◽  
Armenian Identity ◽  
Semiotic Perspective ◽  
Context Of Situation ◽  
Media And Communication

The present paper goes along the lines of Semiotics, a branch of linguistics. It studies the system of signs which takes the form of words, images, sounds, gestures and objects. Through the usage of signs we represent the linguocultural aspect of our knowledge, ethnic traditions and folklore. The interest we take in the paper is the study of signs and symbols in Armenian culture. Culture, including miniature paining, singing, dancing, architecture and cuisine, may involve any sphere of Armenian identity. Signs and symbols that constitute language and culture are constructed through verbal and non-verbal interactions and are arbitrary. The purpose of our analysis is to specify what why, whom questions in a specific context of situation, as well as in a large context of culture, such as social community, media and communication.

Is translated language more standardized than non-translated language?

Target ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Delaere ◽  
Gert De Sutter ◽  
Koen Plevoets
Keyword(s):  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Linguistic Variables ◽  
Standard Language ◽  
Text Type ◽  
Source Language ◽  
External Communication ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
Text Types ◽  
Frequency Counts

With this article, we seek to support the law of growing standardization by showing that texts translated into Belgian Dutch make more use of standard language than non-translated Belgian Dutch texts. Additionally, we want to examine whether the use of standard vs. non-standard language can be attributed to the variables text type and source language. In order to achieve that goal, we gathered a diverse set of linguistic variables and used a 10-million-word corpus that is parallel, comparable and bidirectional (the Dutch Parallel Corpus; Macken et al. 2011). The frequency counts for each of the variables are used to determine the differences in standard language use by means of profile-based correspondence analysis (Plevoets 2008). The results of our analysis show that (i) in general, there is indeed a standardizing trend among translations and (ii) text types with a lot of editorial control (fiction, non-fiction and journalistic texts) contain more standard language than the less edited text types (administrative texts and external communication) which adds support for the idea that the differences between translated and non-translated texts are text type dependent.

How and why managers use conceptual devices in business-to-business research

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 633-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Johan Åge
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Business Research ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Equal Footing ◽  
Business To Business ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – This study aims to analyze how and why managers adopt and use business-to-business (B2B) research. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected through participant observations, focus groups and interviews in three organizations that had used a certain conceptual model from B2B research. Findings – The study suggests that managers use B2B research in an action-oriented, flexible and dynamic manner. Such conceptual or translational use is characterized by managers’ creative translation of the research to match the problems they are facing at that particular time. Research limitations/implications – This study suggests that researchers and managers are on equal footing, and can contribute to one another in an active and creative way. Practical implications – Through translating research into their specific context, managers can find a new spectrum of research usage in their organization, but can also contribute to research in an interactive and creative way. Originality/value – This study gives empirical examples for how and why a certain piece of B2B research has been used by managers in three organizations. Moreover, this study contributes to existing models relating to marketing use by giving examples of the active translation process in which managers adopt the research to their specific challenges.

scholarly journals Authenticity and Imitation in Translating Exposition: A Corpus-Based Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Ramadan Ahmed Elmgrab
Keyword(s):  
Expository Text ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Linguistic Structure ◽  
Arabic Translation ◽  
Text Type ◽  
Error Distributions ◽  
Translation Errors

<p>Many Western scholars such as Dryden show little interest in imitations, and express their preference for translations, i.e. paraphrases that are faithful to the sense of the source text. However, they consider imitations as a viable category of translation. It is the degree of freedom, or departure from the original, that differentiates a translation from an imitation. This paper is concerned with issues that are central to the understanding of English-Arabic translation errors when rendering expository text. Not surprisingly, when translating exposition, errors recur especially those relating to the linguistic competence of the students. But not all errors were the same neither was their distribution. Each text-type shows different idiosyncrasies and error distributions which indicate that performance in translation depends largely on the type of text and the rhetorical purposes as well as patterns which follow from the source text. To this end, an error corpus of linguistic structure was collected from the translation project of students majoring in translation. Syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and discoursal criteria were used to judge imitation and authenticity strategies adopted by the students during the translation process. Implications for increasing students’ awareness of the pragmatic and syntactic constraints in translating structures will also be provided.<strong> </strong></p>

The value of a pragma-functional approach to intercultural conflict discourses

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margo Lecompte-Van Poucke
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Systemic Functional Linguistics ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Intercultural Conflict ◽  
Functional Linguistics ◽  
Cultural Boundaries ◽  
Linguistic Patterns ◽  
Context Of Situation ◽  
Political Decision Making

Abstract Systemic functional linguistics focuses on the study of language use within its registerial context of situation. The theory offers a meaning-based approach for the analysis of discourses in generic and culture-specific settings. When it comes to the analysis of conflict discourses across cultural boundaries, SFL may be integrated into a framework that relates language use to the notions of power and ideology and the dimensions of culture and history to provide a broader picture to inform future political decision-making. This paper presents a pragma-functional approach combining systemic functional linguistics, argumentation theory, critical theory and postcolonial insights. The analytical tool is illustrated with reference to the New Caledonian independence debate through the analysis of salient linguistic patterns and discursive moves in two open letters, published in April 1988, by Kanak independence leader Jean-Marie Tjibaou and former French President François Mitterrand.

Cognitive Sociolinguistic Aspects of Football Chants: The Role of Social and Physical Context in Usage-based Construction Grammar

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Construction Grammar ◽  
Text Type ◽  
Physical Context ◽  
Context Factors ◽  
Grammar Analysis ◽  
Authentic Language ◽  
Context Constraints

AbstractUsage-based approaches to language stress that a speaker’s mental grammar arises from and is shaped by language use and that the resulting mental representations include rich contextual linguistic and non-linguistic information. Yet, despite the fact that sociolinguistic research has pointed out the great importance of social and physical context factors as well as individual styles that speakers draw on to create their linguistic identities in authentic language use, usage-based Construction Grammar approaches have so far not paid enough attention to these phenomena. While the growing field of Cognitive Sociolinguistics has already tried to incorporate a wide variety of sociolinguistic phenomena into their cognitive analyses, most Construction Grammar approaches usually only include sociolinguistic parameters (such as text type, register or dialect) as independent variables in their analyses. In this paper, I argue that such an approach ignores recent sociolinguistic insights into the active stylization of individuals by dynamic linguistic acts of identity. In this paper, I will show the importance of these insights by focussing on English football chants. First, I will illustrate how football chants can be analysed as linguistic constructions that are constrained by complex social and physical context factors. In a next step, I will then argue that the complex social and physical context constraints as well as the potential to function as linguistic acts of identity are not only relevant for these types of constructions, but also need to be taken into account in usage-based Construction Grammar analysis in general.

scholarly journals SOSIOLINGUISTIK: TEORI, PERAN, DAN FUNGSINYA TERHADAP KAJIAN BAHASA SASTRA

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdurrahman Abdurrahman
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Language Variation ◽  
Social Condition ◽  
Literature Discussion ◽  
Language Function ◽  
Variation Function ◽  
The Social ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Language Literature

Sosiolinguistics is a study of language character, language variation, function of language, and language use in interaction and the language function in society. Language for a man of letters is a media to express ideas and present specific messages to society. These ideas come from intuition, imagination, and a man of letters personal experiences of in his society. The goal of sociolinguistics in language literature discussion is to give a description of the social condition of a society related to its language.

scholarly journals Text Type and Frequency of Language Use

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (null) ◽  
pp. 161-201
Author(s):  
Ilhwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Text Type

Translating in a constrained environment

Babel ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Rędzioch-Korkuz
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Cultural Adaptation ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Text Type ◽  
Systemic Analysis ◽  
Vantage Points ◽  
Text Language ◽  
Point Of Departure

Abstract Translating children’s literature has been an object of interest researched from a number of vantage points, including the question of constraining factors. Scholars have highlighted mainly the question of dual readership or cultural adaptation, frequently without a global and systemic analysis of all impediments. This article examines the Polish translation of the German book for children, Katharina von der Gathen’s Klär mich auf, from a constraint-based framework. This article focuses on the reconstruction of the constraints in the translation process: the point of departure is the framework with three basic factors that constrain translation, i.e., the intention of the author/translator, text type, and the profile of the audience. The presented argumentation incorporates other formal impediments, such as the visual layer of the book and the semiotic make-up of the source text, language taboo and censorship or the literary polysystems. The analysis of the constraint framework helps to comprehend the translation in terms of the ST-TT relationship regarding their intended audiences, genre-related features, and the child-adult duality.

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