scholarly journals Renaissance of industrial hemp as a result of successful breeding

1970 ◽  
pp. 368-372
Author(s):  
V. H. Vyrovets ◽  
I. M. Laiko ◽  
H. I. Kyrychenko ◽  
S. V. Mishchenko ◽  
I. L. Kmets
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Content ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Crop Capacity ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Industrial Hemp ◽  
Traditional Breeding

Aim. With the organization of Research Station first, then Institute of Hemp it was predicted to increase productivity and improve service of hemp-growing branch. Methods. Through traditional breeding different ecotypes of hemp were formed with which was started scientific breeding by methods of selection and hybridization. Results. For 40 years of selection the fiber content in stems of dioecious hemp was increased from 13.9 to 33.5 %. By the method of acclimati-zation the variety US-1, and hybridization – US-6 were created, which united a high yield of stems with high fiber content. Breeders also realized the dream of farmers about creation of monoecious hemp, which opened the way to the mechanization of harvesting. Addicts are "awakened" in nature lulling hemp ability to narcotic excitement; the breeders have forced a non-narcotic hemp, while maintaining their economic characteristics and resistance to damage by pests and diseases. Conclusions. Modern hemp varieties are able to form a crop straw, fiber and seeds within 6.0–11.5; 1.7–2.5 and 0.6–1.2 t/ha, respectively, for the minimum content or complete absence of the main component of cannabinoids – THC. Keywords: local and breeding varieties, monoecious and dioecious hemp, crop capacity, non-narcotic sign.

scholarly journals Worldwide gene pool of fiber flax at VIR, and breeding of rust-resistant varieties

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
S. N. Kutuzova ◽  
E. A. Porokhovinova ◽  
N. B. Brutch ◽  
A. V. Pavlov
Keyword(s):  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Fiber Flax ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Flax Cultivar ◽  
Almost All

Background. There are strict requirements for a modern flax cultivar. It must have a whole set of valuable characters, including rust resistance.Materials and methods. The flax collection of 2485 accessions held by VIR was evaluated using artificial provocative infection.Results. Almost all domestic and foreign accessions and varieties collected before 1957 were highly or extremely susceptible to rust. Five Russian kryazhs1 and cv. ‘GDS-3’ developed at VIR were found to retain rust resistance up to the present moment. Lines derived from them and from three foreign varieties, with an identified number of the original effective R genes, were submitted to breeders. Nineteen donors with a set of economically useful traits, analogous to cvs. ‘Orshansky 2’ and ‘Prizyv 81’ and carrying the same genes, were produced and distributed to breeders. The VIR collection holds 10 donors of rust resistance with high fiber content developed at the All-Russian Research Institute of Flax. Some donors of resistance to other diseases released by the same Institute also possess high rust resistance, thus forming a rich stock of source material. The first cultivar relatively resistant to rust (‘L-1120’) was released in 1951. Possessing polygenic resistance, it was also resistant to Fusarium wilt and lodging, so it was widely used for breeding other cultivars with similar characteristics. As their cultivation expanded, the harvest losses caused by rust dropped. The first rust-resistant cultivar with oligogenic resistance (‘Tomsky 16’) appeared in 1990. By now, many cultivars protected by R genes of rust resistance have been developed. They combine this trait with resistance to Fusarium and lodging, high yield, and high fiber content. Flax rust incidence is not a problem anymore.Conclusion. Plant breeders have at their disposal a rich stock of source material preserved in the VIR collection to produce resistant flax cultivars. The use of rust resistance donors in hybridization cannot disrupt the most important properties of a cultivar.

Adaptive potential of the hazelnut (Corylus maxima Mill.) cultivars and hybrids, inland and bred abroad in the Right-Bank Lisosteppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 122-130
Author(s):  
T.I. Tykhyi ◽  
◽  
O.S. Burkut ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
General State ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
The Right

The purpose of the research is to select from the hazelnut gene pool collected at the L.P. Symyrenko Research Station of Pomology inland cultivars and hybrids and those bred abroad high adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the Lisosteppe of Ukraine. Hazelnut varieties and forms were quite resistant to aphids (0.1-1 point) and leafhopper (0.2-1.5 p.) the damage by which did not affect the bushes general state and yield. The varieties Koronchatyi, Gordiienko, Fakel, Trapezund, Yantarnyi, Catalonskyi, Olympiiskyi, Davidovskyi, Kuliovyi, Halle and Raketnyi were the most resistant to the nut weevil. The highest yields were varieties and forms of hazelnuts: Grandioznyi, Wunder von Bolviller, P3M33, P4M32 (2.5 t/ha), Yantarnyi, Halle, Bomba (2.6 t/ha), Raketnyi, Lozivskyi urozhainyi, Kuliovyi, Olympiiskyi (2.7 t/ha), Trapezund, Catalonskyi (2.8 t/ha). The average nut is, g: Lozivskyi urozhainyi – 2.38, P4M32 – 2.55, Yantarnyi – 2.58, Trapezund – 2.72, Halle – 2.94, Wunder von Bolviller – 3.05, Catalonskyi – 3.13. Varieties and gybrids, which have high yield are P7M9 – 48.7 %, P4M32 – 48.8 %, Koronchatyi, Lombard red – 49 %, Catalonskyi – 49.1 %, Zhovtnevyi – 49.3 %, Yantarnyi – 49.5 %, Trapezund, Gianja – 50 %, Kudryavchik – 50.8 %, Fakel – 51.1 %. The investigations results allow to recommend to the farms of different forms of ownership to create of high productive plantations of a hazelnut in the conditions of the Right-bank Lisosteppe of Ukraine with the use of such cultivars and forms: Wunder von Bolviller, Halle, P3M33, P4M32. The studied varieties and forms are adapted well to the soil and climatic conditions, have high yield and fruit quality and are resistant to major pests and diseases.

A STUDY OF OAT VARIETIES FOR USE AS ENSILAGE

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Anderson ◽  
M. L. Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Agronomic Characteristics ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Dough Stage ◽  
High Tillering

Tall late-maturing varieties produced the highest dry matter yields of 25 oat varieties cut in the medium-dough stage at Lacombe, Alberta, from 1959 to 1961. High tillering was associated with small stems and high fiber content but was not indicative of high yield. With the exception of fiber, chemical constituents were not associated with agronomic characteristics. Nitrate (KNO3) content increased under drought conditions, being twice as high in 1960 as in 1959. Since late-maturing varieties were suitable for both seed and forage production it was concluded that breeding for forage was unwarranted.

scholarly journals Productivity and Yield Quality of Intersubspecies Crossing of Japonica-Indica

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Sobrizal Sobrizal ◽  
Carkum Carkum ◽  
Wijaya M. Indriatama ◽  
Aryanti Aryanti ◽  
Ita Dwimahyani
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Milled Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Yield Quality

<p>In the middle of 1980s, rice self-sufficiency in Indonesia has been achieved, but the growth of rice production slowed down since the 1990s. Narrow genetic variability of released rice varieties contributed largely to the occurrence of leveling of potential rice yield over the past decades. To enlarge the genetic variability, an intersubspecies crossing of Koshihikari (japonica) and IR36 (indica) has been performed. Through this crossing, three high yielding and high yield quality promising lines of KI 37, KI 238, and KI 730 have been obtained. The objective of this study was to evaluate the superiorities of these lines through multi-location yield trials, pests, diseases, and grain qualities examinations. Examination methods used followed the release food crops variety procedure issued by the Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture. The result of examinations showed that the average yield of KI 730 was 7.47 t/ha, it was significantly higher than that of Ciherang (6,73 t/ha). KI 730 has a good grain quality, with translucent milled rice, a high percentage of milled rice (78.0%) and head rice (91.01%). The texture of its cooking rice was soft, sticky, with the amylose content of 20.41%. In addition, pests and diseases resistances of KI 730 were better than those of other lines tested. After evaluation by National Food Crops Release Variety Team, the KI 730 line was released as a national superior variety with the name of Tropiko. Tropiko should become an alternative variety to grow widely in order to increase national rice production and farmers income.</p>

scholarly journals Selection of Lentil (Lens culunaris L.) Lines Grown at Different Sowing Dates for Their Precocity and Their Agronomic Performance under Semi-arid Climate of Tunisia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ouji ◽  
M. Mechri ◽  
S. Wassli ◽  
K. Shiv ◽  
M. Kharrat
Keyword(s):  
Arid Zone ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Short Cycle ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Selection Of

Background: In Tunisia, water deficit and heat stress during the end of cycle are more frequent and causes significant yield losses. Selection of short cycle lines could be a good solution to escape the effect of heat and drought during the end of cycle. Furthermore, there is little published information on the effect of the sowing date on yield and its components in lentils. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the sowing date on yield and its components of some lentil lines. The best productive and early lines will be selected and therefore proposed for registration in the official catalog of plant varieties. The availability of these varieties to farmers could increase lentil production. Methods: Sixteen genotypes of lentil out of which 14 were advanced lines and 2 were checks varieties were used in this study. The field experiment was conducted during the 2017-2018 cropping season at Kef research station located in a semi-arid zone in north western Tunisia. Genotypes were sown on December 15th, 2017 and February, 7th, 2018. Seventeen agro-morphological parameters were recorded. Result: Based on agro-morphological analysis, lentil lines exhibited considerable genetic variability. Among the tested lines, L3 line seem to be the earliest lines. It showed high yield as well in timely and late sown dates. This line deserves more attention to develop short-cycle and high yielding variety.

Effect of Spacing and Fertigation on Growth and Yield Parameters of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under Protected Cultivation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.M. Neethu ◽  
Nagarajappa Adivappar ◽  
V. Srinivasa ◽  
G.K. Girijesh
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
Pod Length

Background: French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important and widely grown leguminous vegetable. The area under this crop in protected cultivation is increasing due to its high yield and remunerative price. There is scanty of information on pacing and nutrients for fertigation under protected cultivation. Hence the experiment was carried out to determine the effect of spacing and fertigation on growth and yield parameters in French bean under naturally ventilated polyhouse during Kharif 2018 at Zonal Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Navile, Shivamogga.Methods: The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. There were 18 treatment combinations comprised of three different spacing treatments and six fertigation treatments. Result: Among all the treatments significantly highest number of primary branches (8.70) and secondary branches (8.50) at 45 days after sowing (DAS), number of pods plant-1 (220.20), pod length (20.66 cm), pod girth (2.95 cm) and pod weight (17.69g) were recorded in the treatment combination with 60 × 75cm with 44:70:53 kg ha-1 + mulching + micronutrient spray. The least number of primary branches (4.27), secondary branches (4.50), number of pods plant-1 (160.33), pod length (15.61cm), pod girth (1.75 cm) and pod weight (13.88g) were observed in the treatment combination with 60 × 45 cm spacing with 33:52.5:39.75 kg of N:P:K kg ha-1. The higher plant height at 45 DAS (480.50 cm) and yield (13.06 t) for 1000 m-2 was found in treatment combination 60 × 45cm with 44:70:53 kg ha-1 + mulching + micronutrient spray (S3T4). It was concluded from the study that, the closer spacing (60 × 45cm) with the combination of 44:70:53 kg ha-1 (N:P:K), mulching and micronutrient spray resulted in higher pod yield (13.06 t) 1000m-2.

Alert common bean

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Mündel ◽  
F. A. Kiehn ◽  
G. Saindon ◽  
H. C. Huang ◽  
R. L. Conner
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Bean Common Mosaic Virus ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Alert is a high-yielding, semi-erect great northern common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar. It was developed from a series of crosses at the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia, on contract to the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Research Centre, Lethbridge, with cooperation from the AAFC Morden Research Station. Alert is well adapted to the eastern Canadian prairies, yielding significantly higher than the check cultivar, US1140, at 130% in the official Manitoba Dry Bean Co-operative Registration Trials. Alert is moderately resistant to white mold and resistant to races 1 and 15 of bean common mosaic virus (BCMV). It is susceptible to the alpha and alpha Brazil races of anthracnose, but resistant to the delta race. Key words: Common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, great northern bean, cultivar description, high yield

scholarly journals High Enzymatic Recovery and Purification of Xylooligosaccharides from Empty Fruit Bunch via Nanofiltration

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 619
Author(s):  
Hans Wijaya ◽  
Kengo Sasaki ◽  
Prihardi Kahar ◽  
Nanik Rahmani ◽  
Euis Hermiati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Alkali Pretreatment ◽  
Nanofiltration Membranes ◽  
Degree Of Separation ◽  
Main Component ◽  
High Degree

Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) are attracting an ever-increasing amount of interest for use as food prebiotics. In this study, we used efficient membrane separation technology to convert lignocellulosic materials into a renewable source of XOS. This study revealed a dual function of nanofiltration membranes by first achieving a high yield of xylobiose (a main component of XOS) from alkali-pretreated empty fruit bunch (EFB) hydrolysate, and then by achieving a high degree of separation for xylose as a monosaccharide product. Alkali pretreatment could increase the xylan content retention of raw EFB from 23.4% to 26.9%, which eventually contributed to higher yields of both xylobiose and xylose. Nanofiltration increased the total amount of XYN10Ks_480 endoxylanase produced from recombinant Streptomyces lividans 1326 without altering its specific activity. Concentrated XYN10Ks_480 endoxylanase was applied to the recovery of both xylobiose and xylose from alkali-pretreated EFB hydrolysate. Xylobiose and xylose yields reached 41.1% and 17.3%, respectively, and when unconcentrated XYN10Ks_480 endoxylanase was applied, those yields reached 35.1% and 8.3%, respectively. The last step in nanofiltration was to separate xylobiose over xylose, and 41.3 g.L−1 xylobiose (90.1% purity over xylose) was achieved. This nanofiltration method should shorten the processes used to obtain XOS as a high-value end product from lignocellulosic biomass.

scholarly journals The Behaviour of Some Grape Hybrid Elite Varieties Obtained at SCDVV Blaj, in 2014-2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Anca Cristina Babes ◽  
Maria Iliescu ◽  
Liliana Lucia Tomoiaga
Keyword(s):  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
High Sugar

At Research Station for Viticulture and Enology Blaj (SCDVV Blaj), is a continuous process to improve and to obtain the new grapevine varieties, by sexual crossbreeding and clonal selection, varieties with high sugar accumulation and with equilibrate acidity, which could ensure high quality wines. During 2014-2015 period, the hybrid elite varieties: 5-26 and 6-110 were compared to the control Pink Traminer 60 Bl. and Feteasca Regala 21 Bl. As a study result, the elite varieties, 5-26 and 6-110, stood out by sugar/acidity balance, with good resistance to pests and diseases.

Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation of glucose and xylose in steam-pretreated corn stover at high fiber content with Saccharomyces cerevisiae TMB3400

2006 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Öhgren ◽  
Oskar Bengtsson ◽  
Marie F. Gorwa-Grauslund ◽  
Mats Galbe ◽  
Bärbel Hahn-Hägerdal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Pretreated Corn Stover ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document