Influence of growth regulators on the yield and quality of potatoes.

The potato is one of the most versatile, accessible and at the same time widespread vegetable crops of the globe, and in particular of the Russian Federation. Today notable can be imagined without it. But despite the plasticity of the potato crop, there are still “white spots” in its production. With late and even return spring and early autumn frosts, the climatic features of Siberia significantly affect the crop’s growing season, preventing it from realising its full potential. Like that of many other crops, potato production is associated with seasonality, and there are often significant losses during cultivation and especially during storage. An important challenge is to protect plants during growth and development by applying innovative, environmentally friendly crop protection and stimulation products. Organomineral growth and development regulators were particularly popular. In the work schemes of application of perspective, organomineral growth regulators in conditions of forest-steppe of Western Siberia were tested and perfected. Their influence on the primary phases of growth and development of potatoes and their maturity, and their influence on biometrical parameters of plants, a phytosanitary condition of crops, a crop capacity, and its safety are established. On average, under the influence of growth regulators Epin-Extra and Zircon, the growing season is shortened by 3-5 days; the spread of diseases is reduced by 1.5-2 times; the yield increases to 8.3 tons per hectare. These studies are confirmed by the calculation of economic efficiency. Thus, the use of these growth regulators provides the level of profitability of production up to 252%.

SOFT WINTER WHEAT VARIETY YUVIVATA 60 AS A PERSPECTIVE FOR GRAIN PRODUCTION AND SELECTION FOR ADAPTABILITY AND SUSCEPTABILITY TO PHOTOPERIOD

Soft winter wheat variety Yuvivata 60 has been characterized according to its economically valuable indices. Its morphological features and biological characteristics have been described. The uniqueness of the Yuvivata 60 genotype has been determined. It is related to a number of ontogenetical peculiarities, ecological and adaptive mechanisms: high ecological plasticity of plants due to genetical heterogeneity that proves inhomogeneity of phenetic markers – spectres of proteins-gliadins, high crop capacity of grain (with the potential of 10 tonnes/hectare) due to high reproductive ability, viz.: multifloweredness (up to 60 flowers in an ear), multispiculateness (up to 23) and ear grain content (96%); high quality of grain (with the amount of protein up to 16%, gluten up to 34%); forming a strong root system (prolonged coleoptile – up to 6 cm, deep and branched bedding of primary and secondary radicles in spring with optimal sowing terms between 25–30 September); medium photoperiod susceptibility and highly active renewal of spring bunch-formation (the variety of prolonged daylight hours); synchronic development of spring shoots (low percentage of aftersprings, earless stems); high photosynthetic productivity of crops (7 g/m2/day conditioned by continuous functioning of the leaf apparatus of the first and second layers, awns and ear); resistance to lodging side by side with medium-growth and high crop capacity of the grain due to a strong and incrassate stem; high resistance to sprouting within the ear (caused by a long latent period); resistance to pests and pathogenic agents of fungus infections, viz. septoriose, yellow stripe rust and various kinds of brand (8–9 points), medium resistance to leaf and stem rust, as well as oidium (5–7 points); high resistance to anomalies of climatope in the autumn-winter and spring-summer periods (drought resistance 8–9 points, winter and frost resistance above average – 7 points). Keywords soft winter wheat, high crop capacity, agricultural and ecological peculiarities, economically valuable characteristics, donor of determining insusceptibility to photoperiod.

USE OF INDICATORS OF BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SEEDS FOR BREEDING FOR HETEROSIS WINTER OILSEED RAPE BASED CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILITY

The paper presents the results of research (2014-2017) on the creation of source material for the selection of hybrids of winter oilseed rape on the basis of cytoplasmic male sterility. The source material was varieties, hybrids, lines of individual selection of the Institute of Feed Research and Agriculture of Podillya NAAS, collection samples of domestic and foreign selection. We used 44 genotypes of winter oilseed rape in 2014-16 as parents for pollination with a form with cytoplasmic male sterility. Material for breeding was taken taking into account many years of processing according to seed productivity, indicators of biochemical composition, winter resistance, oleaginousness, length of growing season, lesion of pathogens of disease and damage to pests. To accelerate the selection process for the creation of competitive domestic varieties and hybrids of winter oilseed rape, studies were conducted on the biochemical parameters of seeds of F1 hybrids obtained on the basis of cytoplasmic male sterility. By indicators of the content of erucic acid, glucosinolates from 25 combinations of 2016, seven combinations are allocated, in which the biochemical composition of the seeds correspond to such requirements; Oil - erucic acid is absent, or its traces are contained, and the content of glucosinolates does not exceed 25 μmol/g. In 2017, in studies on the manifestation of heterosis and the creation of highly heterosis hybrids using CMS on their basis, 19 new hybrids and 7 best ones of 2016 were used. In terms of oil quality and yield in 2017 with 26 numbers have highlighted 15, 7 of them are of 2016. According to the results of a two-year trial, we have the following results: 2016, the total average crop capacity of the 7 best hybrids was 7.41 t/ha, which was 2.59 t/ha higher than the standard; 2017, these combinations showed a total average crop capacity of 6.58 t/ha, which was 1.8 t/ha higher than the standard. The manifestation of heterosis in winter oilseed rape hybrids on average for two years was observed at 46%. The expediency of selection work is determined, to create the source material of commercial hybrids of winter oilseed rape, which includes early detection, even at the stage of first-generation hybrids, promising two-zero lines of restorers and fixers of cytoplasmic male sterility. The study gives the chance in the further exclusion from the selection program of works on improvement of biochemical indicators of the received initial material.

RENEWAL OF PRODUCTIVITY OF DEGRADED HAYFIELDS AND PASTURES IN THE MOUNTAINOUS AREA OF THE CARPATHIANS

In conducting researches on the renewal of degraded grass on natural pastures by sowing the seed of legume grasses onto the non-cultivated sod by way of strip cropping, the amount of legume perennial grasses increased by 25-30%. This technology is promising in areas with sufficient rainfall, it allows to save 2-3 times more seed and 3-4 times less fuels and lubricants. Keywords: degraded grass, legume-grass mixture, soil and climatic conditions, crop capacity and fodder quality

EFFECT OF DROUGHT AND HUMIC ACID ON MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS AND ESSENTIAL OIL CONTENT OF THYMUS KOTSCHYANUS

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of Humic Acid organic fertilizer on the performance of Thymus Kotschyanus populations under the influence of drought stress. This experiment was performed as a three-factor factorial in the form of a completely randomized design (CRD) for 5 replications (pots) in the greenhouse of Pardisan Research Station belonging to Qom Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Training Center. Three factors include 5 top accessions of T. Kotschyanus (factor A), irrigation levels at 80% crop capacity (control), irrigation at 60% crop and irrigation capacity at 40% crop capacity (FC) (factor B); and different levels of Humic acid including 3 Levels of 0, 1500 and 3000 mg/l were dissolved in irrigation water twice after full establishment of the plants and twenty days after the first iteration (factor C). The results of trait variance analysis showed that there was a significant difference at the level of possible error of 1% or 5% between the top accessions of T. Kotschyanus and between different irrigation levels in terms of all traits under study. Effectiveness of accession × irrigation levels were also significant in most traits at the level of 1% or 5% probability of error. In other words, the behavior of different Thymus accessions at different irrigation levels was significantly different and the effect of irrigation levels on different irrigations was not similar. These results are consistent with the reports of many researchers on the effect of drought stress on morphological traits as well as increasing essential oil content in drought stress conditions in medicinal plants. Hassani et al. (2006) reported on the effect of different levels of water stress on growth, performance, and essential oil content of Dracocephalum moldavica. Many traits, such as aerial organ length, wet and dry weight of aerial organ were reduced in dry stress conditions, and the highest percentage of essential oil was obtained for 70% crop capa

Perfection of a technology of processing and utilization of fine fractions of dump slag

Processing of old dumps slag at crushing-sorting facilities results in a large yield of slag fine fractions – screening. Because of high content of metal inclusions and powder-like fraction in the screening, this product often becomes unclaimed and is returned to dump. Magnetic separation can increase the consumer properties of the slag screening, but it is only magnetic product that is returned to the processing while the mineral part is left in the dump. Basic characteristics of 0–10 mm fraction quoted. It was determined by laboratory study, that after extraction of ferromagnetic inclusions, the true screening density decreased by 17.5% and bulk density – by 3.1%. The powder-like inclusions remain in the screening, that does not allow to consider the material as a filler for concrete and macadam-sand mixture for road-building. To recycle the magnetic product, extracted out of the screening, decreasing of slagging is needed, as well as systematic evaluation of sulphury inclusion content in it. It was proposed to divide the slag screening for macadam and sand fractions after maximum possible removal magnetic inclusions and powder-like inclusions. It will allow to return into the utilization a part of iron previously lost with the fraction 0–10 mm and to obtain an iron concentrate for sintering. The remained tails in the form of macadam of 5–10 mm fraction, sand 0–5 mm and meliorant with decreased iron content can be used in construction industry and agriculture. By field tests it was determined, that adding meliorants, which contain a grinded screening with oxides of magnesium, phosphor and microelements, into soil, results in increasing crop capacity of vegetables by 30% at test areas.

Advantages of Growing Field Peas in Mixed Crops With Rapeseed and Mustard

In field experiences studies on growing field peas in single-component and mixed seeding with spring rape and white mustard were conducted in the Middle Urals. The crop capacity was increased by 10,8% as well as the total yield was increased by 2.3 times up to 2.14 t / ha by the use of spring rape as a supporting and compacting crop in sowng peas with a seeding rate at 0.6 million / ha. It was found out that crop productivity of peas was decreased by 19.4% when the seeding rate was established at 0.4 million / ha, and the crop productivity of spring rape remained at the level of pure sowing – 1.23 t / ha. The total yield, in comparison with the pure sowing of peas, increased by 2.1 times from 0.93 to 1.98 t / ha. Mustard is less suitable as a supporting crop, although it ripes earlier and does not thrive in contrast to spring rape. The total yield and ratio of land equivalents in a mixture with spring rape is higher than with mustard and ranged from 1.66 to 1.98. Peas accounts for the bulk of the total yield (LERab = 0.81...1.48). The coefficients of competitiveness and aggressiveness of the studied crops in mixed sowing indicate the dominant role of field peas in the pea-rape and pea-mustard agrocenoses. The awned and foliose morphotype of field peas when grown in a mixture with mustard showed themselves equally, their competitiveness and aggressiveness coefficients were in a close range – Crab = 2.37...4.57; CAab = 0.72...1.87. The awned morphotype of field peas had the greatest aggressiveness and competitiveness when cultivated in a mixture with spring rape – CRab=6.78...17.80; CAab = 3.35...5.79. The foliose morphotype of field peas occupied an intermediate position and had a good competitive ability with less aggressiveness towards spring rape – Crab = 2.64...2.66; CAab = 2.06...2.13.

Economic and biological evaluation hybrids of Prunus cerasifera Ehrem. var. pissardii Bail. in conditions of the Southern Urals

Given is the analysis of the basic economic and useful features of 9 genotypes F2 by hybrids of russian cherry plum (Prunus cerasifera var. pissardii) in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the southern Urals. On the research period during, three selection forms: ‘Alma’, G 7-116, 9266 had a degree of freezing to 1.8 mark, the others no more than 1.0 mark. During the winter period of 2017/18, the death of generative buds by all genotypes was from 2.5 to 3.0 marks (25-50 %), which negatively affected to crop capacity. According to the results of research identified were four genotypes with weak growth of tree, which the height varies from 2.8 m (P 3-92) to 3.0 m (‘Duduka’). The group of medium-sized plants got five hybrid forms, where the highest plant height (4.5 m) was found by the genotype 9-266 – 4.5 m. The volume of the crown of the following forms varies from 4.2 m3 (P 3-92) to 17.8 m3 (9-266). Two genotypes have been identified for use in selection on a complex of attributes (large-fruiting, taste characteristics, crop capacity): ‘Duduka’, G 7-116. For the study of production was selected the sampling of the sort G 7-116.