scholarly journals Gene amplification and herbicide resistance in plants

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. Cherepenko
Keyword(s):  
Gene Amplification ◽  
Herbicide Resistance

Gene Amplification and Herbicide Resistance

2017 ◽  
pp. 173-184
Author(s):  
Mithila Jugulam ◽  
Karthik Putta ◽  
Vijay K. Varanasi ◽  
Dal-Hoe Koo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Amplification ◽  
Herbicide Resistance

Dominant expression of a gene amplification-related herbicide resistance in medicago cell hybrids

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Deak ◽  
Gunter Donn ◽  
Attila Feher ◽  
Denes Dudits
Keyword(s):  
Gene Amplification ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Cell Hybrids

scholarly journals Extrachromosomal circular DNA-based amplification and transmission of herbicide resistance in crop weedAmaranthus palmeri

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (13) ◽  
pp. 3332-3337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dal-Hoe Koo ◽  
William T. Molin ◽  
Christopher A. Saski ◽  
Jiming Jiang ◽  
Karthik Putta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Amplification ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Gene Copy Number ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Circular Dna ◽  
Dna Structures ◽  
Meiotic Chromosomes ◽  
Extrachromosomal Elements ◽  
Mitosis And Meiosis

Gene amplification has been observed in many bacteria and eukaryotes as a response to various selective pressures, such as antibiotics, cytotoxic drugs, pesticides, herbicides, and other stressful environmental conditions. An increase in gene copy number is often found as extrachromosomal elements that usually contain autonomously replicating extrachromosomal circular DNA molecules (eccDNAs).Amaranthus palmeri, a crop weed, can develop herbicide resistance to glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] by amplification of the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene, the molecular target of glyphosate. However, biological questions regarding the source of the amplifiedEPSPS, the nature of the amplified DNA structures, and mechanisms responsible for maintaining this gene amplification in cells and their inheritance remain unknown. Here, we report that amplifiedEPSPScopies in glyphosate-resistant (GR)A. palmeriare present in the form of eccDNAs with various conformations. The eccDNAs are transmitted during cell division in mitosis and meiosis to the soma and germ cells and the progeny by an as yet unknown mechanism of tethering to mitotic and meiotic chromosomes. We propose that eccDNAs are one of the components of McClintock’s postulated innate systems [McClintock B (1978)Stadler Genetics Symposium] that can rapidly produce soma variation, amplifyEPSPSgenes in the sporophyte that are transmitted to germ cells, and modulate rapid glyphosate resistance through genome plasticity and adaptive evolution.

scholarly journals Survey of glyphosate-, atrazine- and lactofen-resistance mechanisms in Ohio waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) populations

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent P. Murphy ◽  
Alvaro S. Larran ◽  
Bruce Ackley ◽  
Mark M. Loux ◽  
Patrick J. Tranel
Keyword(s):  
Gene Amplification ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Amaranthus Tuberculatus

AbstractHerbicide resistance within key driver weeds, such as common waterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer var. rudis (Sauer) Costea and Tardif ], constrains available management options for crop production. Routine surveillance for herbicide resistance provides a mechanism to monitor the development and spread of resistant populations over time. Furthermore, the identification and quantification of resistance mechanisms at the population level can provide information that helps growers develop effective management plans. Populations of Amaranthus spp., including A. tuberculatus, redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson), were collected from 51 fields in Ohio during the 2016 growing season. Twenty-four A. tuberculatus populations were screened for resistance to the herbicides lactofen, atrazine, and glyphosate. Phenotypically resistant plants were further investigated to determine the frequency of known resistance mechanisms. Resistance to lactofen was infrequently observed throughout the populations, with 8 of 22 populations exhibiting resistant plants. Within those eight resistant populations, the ΔG210 resistance mechanism was observed in 17 of 30 phenotypically resistant plants, and the remainder lacked all known resistance mechanisms. Resistance to atrazine was observed in 12 of 15 populations; however, a target-site resistance mechanism was not observed in these populations. Resistance to glyphosate was observed in all populations. Gene amplification was the predominant glyphosate-resistance mechanism (147 of 322 plants) in the evaluated populations. The Pro-106-Ser mutation was identified in 24 plants, half of which also possessed gene amplification. In this study, molecular screening generally underestimated the phenotypically observed resistance. Continued mechanism discovery and marker development is required for improved detection of herbicide resistance through molecular assays.

Reevaluation of gene amplification in medulloblastomas

2004 ◽  
Vol 216 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Lenschen ◽  
J Mühlisch ◽  
H Jürgens ◽  
C Plass ◽  
D Smiraglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Amplification

HER-2 gene amplification in pancreatic cancer

2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Borka ◽  
A Kiss ◽  
A Tőkés ◽  
P Kaliszky ◽  
P Kupcsulik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Gene Amplification ◽  
Her 2

New Technologies to Combat Herbicide Resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-92
Author(s):  
Rob Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
The Uk

Herbicide resistance in problem weeds is now a major threat to global food production, being particularly widespread in wild grasses affecting cereal crops. In the UK, black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides) holds the title of number one agronomic problem in winter wheat, with the loss of production associated with herbicide resistance now estimated to cost the farming sector at least £0.5 billion p.a. Black-grass presents us with many of the characteristic traits of a problem weed; being highly competitive, genetically diverse and obligately out-crossing, with a growth habit that matches winter wheat. With the UK’s limited arable crop rotations and the reliance on the repeated use of a very limited range of selective herbicides we have been continuously performing a classic Darwinian selection for resistance traits in weeds that possess great genetic diversity and plasticity in their growth habits. The result has been inevitable; the steady rise of herbicide resistance across the UK, which now affects over 2.1 million hectares of some of our best arable land. Once the resistance genie is out of the bottle, it has proven difficult to prevent its establishment and spread. With the selective herbicide option being no longer effective, the options are to revert to cultural control; changing rotations and cover crops, manual rogueing of weeds, deep ploughing and chemical mulching with total herbicides such as glyphosate. While new precision weeding technologies are being developed, their cost and scalability in arable farming remains unproven. As an agricultural scientist who has spent a working lifetime researching selective weed control, we seem to be giving up on a technology that has been a foundation stone of the green revolution. For me it begs the question, are we really unable to use modern chemical and biological technology to counter resistance? I would argue the answer to that question is most patently no; solutions are around the corner if we choose to develop them.

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