Production of Mutant Plants Displaying Traits Which Have Herbicide Resistance, Disease Resistance, Resistance to Stress Conditions and Improved Quality Factors, and Biotechnology

1984 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-364
Author(s):  
Kazuo NAKATA
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Resistance To Stress

scholarly journals Evolutionary Understanding of Metacaspase Genes in Cultivated and Wild Oryza Species and Its Role in Disease Resistance Mechanism in Rice

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1412
Author(s):  
Ruchi Bansal ◽  
Nitika Rana ◽  
Akshay Singh ◽  
Pallavi Dhiman ◽  
Rushil Mandlik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Wild Rice ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
North East ◽  
Wild Rice Species

Metacaspases (MCs), a class of cysteine-dependent proteases found in plants, fungi, and protozoa, are predominately involved in programmed cell death processes. In this study, we identified metacaspase genes in cultivated and wild rice species. Characterization of metacaspase genes identified both in cultivated subspecies of Oryza sativa, japonica, and indica and in nine wild rice species was performed. Extensive computational analysis was conducted to understand gene structures, phylogenetic relationships, cis-regulatory elements, expression patterns, and haplotypic variations. Further, the haplotyping study of metacaspase genes was conducted using the whole-genome resequencing data publicly available for 4726 diverse genotype and in-house resequencing data generated for north-east Indian rice lines. Sequence variations observed among wild and cultivated rice species for metacaspase genes were used to understand the duplication and neofunctionalization events. The expression profiles of metacaspase genes were analyzed using RNA-seq transcriptome profiling in rice during different developmental stages and stress conditions. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis of candidate metacaspase genes in rice cultivars Pusa Basmati-1 in response to Magnaporthe oryzae infection indicated a significant role in the disease resistance mechanism. The information provided here will help to understand the evolution of metacaspases and their role under stress conditions in rice.

scholarly journals Inactivation ofclpBin the Pathogen Leptospira interrogans Reduces Virulence and Resistance to Stress Conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 3711-3717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristel Lourdault ◽  
Gustavo M. Cerqueira ◽  
Elsio A. Wunder ◽  
Mathieu Picardeau
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Leptospira Interrogans ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
General Stress Response ◽  
Growth Defects ◽  
Resistance To Stress ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

ABSTRACTLeptospira interrogansis the causative agent of leptospirosis, which is an emerging zoonotic disease. Resistance to stress conditions is largely uncharacterized for this bacterium. We therefore decided to analyze aclpBmutant that we obtained by random transposon mutagenesis. The mutant did not produce any of the two isoforms of ClpB. TheclpBmutant exhibited growth defects at 30° and 37°C and in poor nutrient medium and showed increased susceptibility to oxidative stress, whereas the genetically complemented strain was restored in ClpB expression andin vitrowild-type growth. We also showed that theclpBmutant was attenuated in virulence in an animal model of acute leptospirosis. Our findings demonstrate that ClpB is involved in the general stress response. The chaperone is also necessary, either directly or indirectly, for the virulence of the pathogenL. interrogans.

Prevention and Control of Viral Diseases of Salmonids

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1059-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald F. Amend
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Selective Breeding ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Environmental Manipulation ◽  
Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis ◽  
Elevated Water ◽  
And Control ◽  
Reducing Stress

Three viral diseases of salmonids are of worldwide concern: infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS), and infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN). Six principal approaches are being used to prevent or control these diseases: 1) preventing contact o the pathogen with the host, 2) environmental manipulation, 3) immunization, 4) chemotherapy, 5 selective breeding for disease resistance, and 6) reducing stress conditions which augment disease conditions. Preventing the introduction of a pathogen into a new stock of fish has been accomplished mainly by implementing stringent laws to prevent transport of infected fish into uninfected areas. Stocks of fish already infected are sometimes destroyed, and the hatchery is disinfected and restocked with fish free of specific pathogens. Environmental manipulation (elevated water temperature) has been successfully used to control IHN. Chemotherapeutics such as povidone-iodine for IPN and benzipyrene for IHN show promise of controlling mortalities; however, the practicality of using these drugs to eliminate the carrier fish has not been evaluated. Salmonids are capable of developing immune responses to viruses; however, development of effective vaccines, selective breeding for disease resistance, and identification of stress conditions which augment disease are still in the experimental phase.

scholarly journals Stress-Activated Protein Kinase OsSAPK9 Regulates Tolerance to Salt Stress and Resistance to Bacterial Blight in Rice

Rice ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Dan Zeng ◽  
Liyu Huang ◽  
Yingyao Shi ◽  
Tengjun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Limiting Factors

Abstract Background Salt stress and bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) are key limiting factors of rice (Oryza sativa L.) yields. Members of sucrose non-fermenting 1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2), which is a family of plant-specific Ser/Thr kinases, are important components of signaling pathways involved in plant developmental processes and responses to stresses. There are 10 members of the SnRK2 family in rice; however, their functions are poorly understood, as are the underlying molecular mechanisms. Results In this study, we found that OsSAPK9, which belongs to the SnRK2 family, positively regulated salt-stress tolerance and strain-specific resistance to bacterial blight in rice. RNA sequencing revealed that there were 404 and 1324 genes differentially expressed in OsSAPK9-RNAi in comparison with wild-type plants under salt-stress conditions and after Xoo inoculation, respectively, which participate in basic metabolic processes. In total, 65 common differentially expressed genes involved mainly in defense responses were detected both under salt-stress conditions and after Xoo inoculation. Moreover, in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that OsSAPK9 forms a protein complex with the molecular chaperones OsSGT1 and OsHsp90, and transgenic plants overexpressing OsSGT1 exhibited decreased tolerances to salt stress and significantly increased resistance levels to bacterial blight. Thus, OsSAPK9 may function as a center node regulator of salt-stress responses and disease-resistance pathways through its interaction with OsSGT1 in rice. Conclusion This study confirms that OsSAPK9 functions as a positive regulator of salt-stress responses and disease resistance through its interaction with OsSGT1 in rice.

scholarly journals Influence of Simulated Transport on Keeping Quality in Miniature Potted Roses

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 834E-834
Author(s):  
Kristian Borch ◽  
Lars Hoyer
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Keeping Quality ◽  
Post Production ◽  
Fluctuating Temperatures

Stressing miniature roses during transport can reduce their appearance and keeping quality. Factors that stress plants during transport are: storage in darkness, fluctuating temperatures, exposure to ethylene, high humidity, and mechanical damage. The post-production keeping quality of three cultivars of Parade® miniature potted roses (Rosa × hybrida) from three growers in Denmark were evaluated during winter and summer 1994, using three levels of simulated transport (ST) for 0, 2, or 4 days. The main causes of decreased keeping quality were wilting of flowers, infection by botrytis, and an increased number of yellow buds. After 18 days, there was no difference in the percentage of wilted flowers between 0 and 2 days of ST for all cultivars. However, for two of the three cultivars exposed to 4 days of ST the percentage of wilted flowers increased, while there was no significant effect from the ST on the percentage of wilted flowers. The degree of wilting was also dependent on origin of the plants and was less severe in summer than in winter. The number of yellow buds and infection by botrytis increased in plants exposed to 4 days of ST, and was more pronounced in winter. We conclude that, if the initial quality of the miniature potted rose is good, and the stress conditions during transport are controlled, damage can be kept at a minimum level.

scholarly journals Impact of water stress on physiological processes of moss Polytrichum piliferum Hedw.

2020 ◽  
pp. 129-141
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Romańska
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Tissue Hydration ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Resistance To Stress

Mosses are convenient organisms for studying the reaction to water stress because they do not have an epidermis, which makes them more sensitive to changes in humidity than most other plants. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of water stress on the course of physiological processes of mosses using Polytrichum piliferum Hedw. The present study showed that the action of the abiotic stressor, which is water, adversely affects the photosynthesis and dark respiration processes by reducing their intensity. However, it is worth noting that the respiration process is less dependent on tissue hydration than the photosynthesis, which is clearly demonstrated by the study results. The bryophytes’ resistance to stress factors is responsible for the plant’s ability to maintain homeostasis under stress conditions. The ability to change homeostasis by adapting, surviving or overcoming adverse living conditions also plays an important role.

scholarly journals Genetically influenced resistance to stress and disease in salmonids in relation to present-day breeding practice - a short review

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Jan Mendel ◽  
Kristýna Jánová ◽  
Miroslava Palíková
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Fish Breeding ◽  
Resistance To Stress ◽  
Selection For ◽  
European Aquaculture ◽  
Generation Sequencing

While intensive fish production has many advantages, it also has a number of drawbacks as regards disease and stress. To date, there has been no conclusive review of disease resistance at Czech fish farms. The aim of the study was to describe briefly the existing salmonid breeding practice in the Czech Republic and to point out the trends and new possibilities gaining ground around Europe. However, the present situation in the Czech stocks is not rare at all and therefore it is used here as a model example representing numerous breeding practices in Europe. Stress and disease resistance in fish is polygenic and quantitative, making selection for such traits difficult. In recent years, however, fish breeding methods have developed rapidly, with the use of genetic analysis tools, for example, now allowing much greater selection accuracy. Gradual progress in understanding the importance of individual genetic markers offers many new options that can be utilised in breeding practice. New selection methods, such as quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genomic selection, are increasingly employed in European aquaculture. Next generation sequencing techniques now help in the finding of new and promising QTLs that can be used in assisted selection. This review maps the current progress in improving salmonid resistance to stress and disease in aquaculture and at the same time provides the breeders with a short overview of the latest tools of genetically controlled breeding and of the newest products available at the European market.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document