Tartaglia—The Stammerer

1930 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 385
Keyword(s):  
16Th Century ◽  
Italian Mathematicians ◽  
The Face

Nicolo Tartaglia, whose portrait appears as the frontispiece in this issue, was born in Brescia and was one of the greatest Italian mathematicians of the 16th Century. A saber cut in the face which he received as a child when Brescia was stormed by Gaston de Foix (1512) resulted in an imperfection in his speech. This defect caused him to be given the nickname of Tartaglia ("the stammerer") "which name he formerly used in all his published works."*

scholarly journals La conquista del Río de la Plata en el poema Romance Indiano, de Luis de Miranda de Villafañe

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miryam Celeste Buzó Silva
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Rio De La Plata ◽  
Río De La Plata ◽  
La Plata ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
The Face ◽  
Del Rio ◽  
Historical Moment

Luis de Miranda was part of the expedition of Don Pedro de Mendoza and wrote Romance Indiano, a composition in verse, considered as the first literary work of the Río de la Plata, that articulates a narrative about everything that happened during the conquest of this area of America. This work deals with desolation, hunger, and other issues with a political discourse of a foundational nature, at a historical moment characterised by the need to make decisions in the face of the vicissitudes suffered by the conquerors of the first Adelantado’s army. The richness of the text lies in its literary and political analysis, because the poem is not only characterised by the style used, which allows to observe the resources and values of the 16th century, but it also presents a political tinge, since its reading offers the vision of the conqueror in the process of settlement and conquest of the River Plate territory.

The Alphabetic Colonization of Amerindian Oral Ecologies in Early Brazil

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo de Carvalho Cabral
Keyword(s):  
Oral Language ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Forest Recovery ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Virgin Forest ◽  
The Face

Although it has received less scholarly attention than firearms, microbes, domestic animals and plants, market economy, and statecraft, alphabetic reading and writing was crucial in the European conquest and colonization of the Americas from the late 15th century on. Unlike the agrarian empires the Spaniards encountered in the Andes and the Mexican highlands, the Portuguese frontier advanced upon tribal peoples who relied exclusively on oral language, such as the Tupi of Atlantic Brazil. These were semi-sedentary horticultural villagers whose entire socio-ecology (myths and knowledge, territoriality, subsistence strategies, etc.) was conditioned by the face-to-faceness and fugacity of spoken words. In turn, their Portuguese colonizers—for a while rivaled by the French, who enjoyed short periods of stable settlement through the early 17th century—were urban-based, oceangoing merchants, bureaucrats, soldiers, and religious missionaries whose organization strictly depended on the durability and transferability of written texts. Even if most of the Portuguese who came to Brazil in the 16th century were themselves illiterate, colonization as a social enterprise framed their actions according to prescribed roles set down in writing (both handwriting and printed script). Thus, the Portuguese colonization of Brazilian native lands and human populations can be interpreted from the point of view of the imposition of an alphabetically organized way of life. Two major dimensions of this “letterscaping” can be discerned as to its impact on Amerindian bodies (human and nonhuman) and modes of understanding. Although the 16th century was only the introductory act in that drama, its historical record shows the basic outlines of the alphabetic colonization that would play out through the early 19th century: native decimation and enslavement, territory usurpation by sesmaria grants, forest recovery in former native croplands (then resignified as “virgin forest”), loss of native ecological knowledge not recorded in writing, disempowerment of native cultural attunement to the wild soundscape, among other processes.

scholarly journals STRATEGI KERAJAAN BATAK (TAMIANG) MENGHADAPI SERANGAN KESULTANAN ACEH DI ABAD KE-16 M

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Ery Soedewo
Keyword(s):  
State Power ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Defense Strategy ◽  
The Face ◽  
Written Sources

The Batak reign was one of the countries mentioned by Portuguese written sources from the 16th century AD, once existing on the island of Sumatra. In the middle of the 16th century the sovereignty of the Batak Kingdom was threatened by the aggression of the Sultanate of Aceh to its neighboring countries on the island of Sumatra. Through a historical study of the main data in the form of two Portuguese records, Tome Pires and Ferna-O Mendes D. Pinto, it was revealed the potential strengths and strategies adopted by the Batak Kingdom in the face of the Aceh Sultanate's attack. The absence of fortifications as an element of state power, made the Batak Kingdom change its defense strategy from defensive to aggressive. The initiative of the attack carried out by the Batak forces was inseparable from the support of their allied countries. Although the alliance has been formed by the Kingdom of Batak with a number of countries, the glory belongs to the Sultanate of Aceh.

scholarly journals Ancient Rome in the Age of Copyright: the Privilegio and Printed Reconstructions

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 177-194
Author(s):  
Victor Plahte Tschudi
Keyword(s):  
Print Culture ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Ancient Rome ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Early Form ◽  
Financial Compensation ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Print Industry ◽  
Intended Effect

The subject of this article is the expanding print culture in 16th century Rome. Antiquarian engravings were especially popular, drawing on the city’s unparalleled legacy of classical monuments. The huge profits to be made from prints led to an early form of copyright, the privilegio, valid for a certain period of time and threatening lawbreakers with financial compensation. Printers and publishers thus sought papal authorities for this special favor in order to prevent their expertly rendered reconstructions from being copied The privilegio, this article argues, had on some occasions the intended effect, forcing competitors on the market to await its expiry before making their own versions. In other instances the privilegio simply made keen rivals circumvent the protection: they altered the original design to the point where it no longer legally could be judged a copy. The consequence this manipulation had for the print industry is only one aspect; more dramatic i show it transformed archaeology itself. The changes inflicted, in order to evade sanctions, not only changed the face of ancient Rome but resulted in a style that inspired the emerging Baroque.

Catholic Christianity in Korean History

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin Rausch
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Korean Society ◽  
Korean History ◽  
National Division ◽  
The Face ◽  
Massive Change ◽  
The Catholic Church

From its establishment on the peninsula in 1784 to Pope Francis’s visit to beatify 124 martyrs, in 2014, 230 years later, the Catholic Church in Korea has experienced massive change as it has sought to navigate persecution, imperialism, national division, war, dictatorship, and democratization. Despite the challenges it has faced, the Korean Catholic Church has managed to transform itself from a tiny, marginalized community into a highly respected part of Korean society with millions of members. This history can be divided into four periods: the time of hope, in which some Koreans came to believe that Catholicism would bring both spiritual salvation and this-worldly knowledge (the early 16th century to 1784); the time of persecution in which Catholics on the Korean peninsula suffered and died for their faith (1784–1886); the time of imperialism (1886–1945), during which Catholics had to balance the demands of nation, state, and faith in the face of increasing Japanese control of their country; and the time of development (1945–2014) as the Catholic Church in South Korea (the Catholic Church in North Korea being essentially destroyed) became an increasingly integral and active part of Korean society.

Why do people believe in a zero-sum economy?

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel G. B. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Everyday Experience ◽  
Coalitional Psychology ◽  
The Face ◽  
Zero Sum

AbstractZero-sum thinking and aversion to trade pervade our society, yet fly in the face of everyday experience and the consensus of economists. Boyer & Petersen's (B&P's) evolutionary model invokes coalitional psychology to explain these puzzling intuitions. I raise several empirical challenges to this explanation, proposing two alternative mechanisms – intuitive mercantilism (assigning value to money rather than goods) and errors in perspective-taking.

Mars: was There an Ancient Eden?

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 203-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias C. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Positive Answer ◽  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
Habitable Zones ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Origin Of Life ◽  
Early Mars ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Rocky Planets ◽  
Impact Erosion

AbstractThe clear evidence of water erosion on the surface of Mars suggests an early climate much more clement than the present one. Using a model for the origin of inner planet atmospheres by icy planetesimal impact, it is possible to reconstruct the original volatile inventory on Mars, starting from the thin atmosphere we observe today. Evidence for cometary impact can be found in the present abundances and isotope ratios of gases in the atmosphere and in SNC meteorites. If we invoke impact erosion to account for the present excess of129Xe, we predict an early inventory equivalent to at least 7.5 bars of CO2. This reservoir of volatiles is adequate to produce a substantial greenhouse effect, provided there is some small addition of SO2(volcanoes) or reduced gases (cometary impact). Thus it seems likely that conditions on early Mars were suitable for the origin of life – biogenic elements and liquid water were present at favorable conditions of pressure and temperature. Whether life began on Mars remains an open question, receiving hints of a positive answer from recent work on one of the Martian meteorites. The implications for habitable zones around other stars include the need to have rocky planets with sufficient mass to preserve atmospheres in the face of intensive early bombardment.

Electrochemical nucleation and growth of copper on iron and aluminum: A TEM study of industrial copper cementation

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
L.E. Murr ◽  
V. Annamalai
Keyword(s):  
Metal Surface ◽  
Copper Deposit ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Electrochemical Reactions ◽  
Mine Shaft ◽  
De Re ◽  
Copper Precipitation ◽  
Electrochemical Nucleation ◽  
Interesting System

Georgius Agricola in 1556 in his classical book, “De Re Metallica”, mentioned a strange water drawn from a mine shaft near Schmölnitz in Hungary that eroded iron and turned it into copper. This precipitation (or cementation) of copper on iron was employed as a commercial technique for producing copper at the Rio Tinto Mines in Spain in the 16th Century, and it continues today to account for as much as 15 percent of the copper produced by several U.S. copper companies.In addition to the Cu/Fe system, many other similar heterogeneous, electrochemical reactions can occur where ions from solution are reduced to metal on a more electropositive metal surface. In the case of copper precipitation from solution, aluminum is also an interesting system because of economic, environmental (ecological) and energy considerations. In studies of copper cementation on aluminum as an alternative to the historical Cu/Fe system, it was noticed that the two systems (Cu/Fe and Cu/Al) were kinetically very different, and that this difference was due in large part to differences in the structure of the residual, cement-copper deposit.

Evidence for a shear mechanism for the precipitation of γ-zirconium hydride in zirconium

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 658-659
Author(s):  
G.J.C. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Strain Field ◽  
Zirconium Hydride ◽  
Zirconium Atom ◽  
Atom Diffusion ◽  
Solvus Temperature ◽  
Hexagonal Close Packed ◽  
Partial Dislocations ◽  
The Face

In zirconium-hydrogen alloys, rapid cooling from an elevated temperature causes precipitation of the face-centred tetragonal (fct) phase, γZrH, in the form of needles, parallel to the close-packed <1120>zr directions (1). With low hydrogen concentrations, the hydride solvus is sufficiently low that zirconium atom diffusion cannot occur. For example, with 6 μg/g hydrogen, the solvus temperature is approximately 370 K (2), at which only the hydrogen diffuses readily. Shears are therefore necessary to produce the crystallographic transformation from hexagonal close-packed (hep) zirconium to fct hydride.The simplest mechanism for the transformation is the passage of Shockley partial dislocations having Burgers vectors (b) of the type 1/3<0110> on every second (0001)Zr plane. If the partial dislocations are in the form of loops with the same b, the crosssection of a hydride precipitate will be as shown in fig.1. A consequence of this type of transformation is that a cumulative shear, S, is produced that leads to a strain field in the surrounding zirconium matrix, as illustrated in fig.2a.

A study of interface sliding at F.C.C.-B.C.C. boundaries in a Cu-Zn alloy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 422-423
Author(s):  
F. Monchoux ◽  
A. Rocher ◽  
J.L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Diffusion Treatment ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
The Face ◽  
Face Centered ◽  
Interface Sliding ◽  
Zn Alloy ◽  
Made In

Interphase sliding is an important phenomenon of high temperature plasticity. In order to study the microstructural changes associated with it, as well as its influence on the strain rate dependence on stress and temperature, plane boundaries were obtained by welding together two polycrystals of Cu-Zn alloys having the face centered cubic and body centered cubic structures respectively following the procedure described in (1). These specimens were then deformed in shear along the interface on a creep machine (2) at the same temperature as that of the diffusion treatment so as to avoid any precipitation. The present paper reports observations by conventional and high voltage electron microscopy of the microstructure of both phases, in the vicinity of the phase boundary, after different creep tests corresponding to various deformation conditions.Foils were cut by spark machining out of the bulk samples, 0.2 mm thick. They were then electropolished down to 0.1 mm, after which a hole with thin edges was made in an area including the boundary

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document