scholarly journals Ancient Rome in the Age of Copyright: the Privilegio and Printed Reconstructions

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 177-194
Author(s):  
Victor Plahte Tschudi
Keyword(s):  
Print Culture ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Ancient Rome ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Early Form ◽  
Financial Compensation ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Print Industry ◽  
Intended Effect

The subject of this article is the expanding print culture in 16th century Rome. Antiquarian engravings were especially popular, drawing on the city’s unparalleled legacy of classical monuments. The huge profits to be made from prints led to an early form of copyright, the privilegio, valid for a certain period of time and threatening lawbreakers with financial compensation. Printers and publishers thus sought papal authorities for this special favor in order to prevent their expertly rendered reconstructions from being copied The privilegio, this article argues, had on some occasions the intended effect, forcing competitors on the market to await its expiry before making their own versions. In other instances the privilegio simply made keen rivals circumvent the protection: they altered the original design to the point where it no longer legally could be judged a copy. The consequence this manipulation had for the print industry is only one aspect; more dramatic i show it transformed archaeology itself. The changes inflicted, in order to evade sanctions, not only changed the face of ancient Rome but resulted in a style that inspired the emerging Baroque.

THE STRUCTURE ANDTHEFEATURES OF “TAZKIRAT-USH-SHUARA” MUTRIBI SAMARKANDI

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
Makhfirat Kurbonalieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
16Th Century ◽  
Literary Source ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The Subject

The anthology “Tazkirat-ush-shuara” of Mutribi Samarkandi is one of the most important literary sources of the 16th century, which was written in Moweraunnahr. In general, this work contains information about poets who were either contemporaries of Samarkandi or related to poetry. The value of this anthology as a literary source, although it has not been been entirely studied by researchers,is in that it represents information about the lives, personalities and works of the poets, which is relevant to the study of poetry and the overall literary situation of that period, and which is the subject of separate and in-depth studies.

Emmanuel Levinas: Um estudo sobre a ética da alteridade

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abimael Francisco do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Emmanuel Levinas ◽  
Transcendental Philosophy ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Thought ◽  
Philosophical Criticism ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
First Philosophy

The general objective of this study is to analyze the postulate of the ethics of otherness as the first philosophy, presented by Emmanuel Levinas. It is a proposal that runs through Levinas' thinking from his theoretical foundations, to his philosophical criticism. Levinas' thought presents itself as a new thought, as a critique of ontology and transcendental philosophy. For him, the concern with knowledge and with being made the other to be forgotten, placing the other in totality. Levinas proposes the ethics of otherness as sensitivity to the other. The subject says here I am, making myself responsible for the other in an infinite way, in a transcendence without return to myself, becoming hostage to the other, as an irrefutable responsibility. The idea of the infinite, present in the face of the other, points to a responsibility whoever more assumes himself, the more one is responsible, until the substitution by other.

scholarly journals The Law Challenged and the Critique of Identity with Emmanuel Levinas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Petrilli
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Emmanuel Levinas ◽  
Object Relation ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethical Orientation ◽  
New Humanism ◽  
Present Essay ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Subject

AbstractIdentity as traditionally conceived in mainstream Western thought is focused on theory, representation, knowledge, subjectivity and is centrally important in the works of Emmanuel Levinas. His critique of Western culture and corresponding notion of identity at its foundations typically raises the question of the other. Alterity in Levinas indicates existence of something on its own account, in itself independently of the subject’s will or consciousness. The objectivity of alterity tells of the impossible evasion of signs from their destiny, which is the other. The implications involved in reading the signs of the other have contributed to reorienting semiotics in the direction of semioethics. In Levinas, the I-other relation is not reducible to abstract cognitive terms, to intellectual synthesis, to the subject-object relation, but rather tells of involvement among singularities whose distinctive feature is alterity, absolute alterity. Humanism of the other is a pivotal concept in Levinas overturning the sense of Western reason. It asserts human duties over human rights. Humanism of alterity privileges encounter with the other, responsibility for the other, over tendencies of the centripetal and egocentric orders that instead exclude the other. Responsibility allows for neither rest nor peace. The “properly human” is given in the capacity for absolute otherness, unlimited responsibility, dialogical intercorporeity among differences non-indifferent to each other, it tells of the condition of vulnerability before the other, exposition to the other. The State and its laws limit responsibility for the other. Levinas signals an essential contradiction between the primordial ethical orientation and the legal order. Justice involves comparing incomparables, comparison among singularities outside identity. Consequently, justice places limitations on responsibility, on unlimited responsibility which at the same time it presupposes as its very condition of possibility. The present essay is structured around the following themes: (1) Premiss; (2) Justice, uniqueness, and love; (3) Sign and language; (4) Dialogue and alterity; (5) Semiotic materiality; (6) Globalization and the trap of identity; (7) Human rights and rights of the other: for a new humanism; (8) Ethics; (9) The World; (10) Outside the subject; (11) Responsibility and Substitution; (12) The face; (13) Fear of the other; (14) Alterity and justice; (15) Justice and proximity; (16) Literary writing; (17) Unjust justice; (18) Caring for the other.

scholarly journals Construction and validation of competency frameworks for the training of nurses in emergencies

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Berchelli Girão Miranda ◽  
Alessandra Mazzo ◽  
Gerson Alves Pereira-Junior
Keyword(s):  
Delphi Technique ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Content Validation ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Competency Frameworks ◽  
The Face ◽  
Practical Development ◽  
Approach Method ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Final Agreement

ABSTRACT Objective: to build and validate competency frameworks to be developed in the training of nurses for the care of adult patients in situations of emergency with a focus on airway, breathing and circulation approach. Method: this is a descriptive and methodological study that took place in three phases: the first phase consisted in a literature review and a workshop involving seven experts for the creation of the competency frameworks; in the second phase, 15 experts selected through the Snowball Technique and Delphi Technique participated in the face and content validation, with analysis of the content of the suggestions and calculation of the Content Validation Index to assess the agreement on the representativeness of each item; in the third phase, 13 experts participated in the final agreement of the presented material. Results: the majority of the experts were nurses, with graduation and professional experience in the theme of the study. Competency frameworks were developed and validated for the training of nurses in the airway, breathing and circulation approach. Conclusion: the study made it possible to build and validate competency frameworks. We highlight its originality and potentialities to guide teachers and researchers in an efficient and objective way in the practical development of skills involved in the subject approached.

scholarly journals Validity of Altman Z-Score Model to Predict Financial Failure: Evidence From Jordan

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sufian Al-Manaseer ◽  
Suleiman Al-Oshaibat
Keyword(s):  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Financial Failure ◽  
Amman Stock Exchange ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Score Model

This paper aims to investigate the Validity of Altman z-score model to predict financial failure in insurance companies listed on Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) over the period 2011-2016. To achieve the goal of the study, the study depended on the different statistics analytical method and Multiple Linear Regression through doing the statistical analysis of the independent variables on the dependent variable related to the subject of the study through the (E-views) program in order to cover the analytical part of the study, in addition to the descriptive method through relying on books, periodicals, previous studies and financial reports of the insurance companies of the study’ sample, whether the direct or the indirect ones, to cover the theoretical part. The result of the study finds a high predictive power for Z-score model. Moreover, the findings reveal that Z-Score model could be valuable instrumental indicators for many users of financial statement such as financial managers, auditors, lenders, investors, to make right decisions in the face of financial failure.

scholarly journals Dyplomacja Nicolae Ceauşescu wobec przemian politycznych w Polsce w 1989 roku

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 239-258
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Warsaw Pact ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Communist Leader ◽  
Armed Intervention ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
Gorbachev Era ◽  
Nicolae Ceausescu

Nicolae Ceauşescu’s Diplomacy in the Face of Political Changes in Poland in 1989 In 1989, Romania belonged to the communist countries, which particularly strongly attacked communist Poland for carrying out democratic reforms. For many months the diplomacy of communist leader Nicolae Ceaşescu tried to organize a conference of socialist countries on the subject of Poland, but as a result of Moscow’s opposition it did not come to fruition. During the Gorbachev era, the Soviet Union rejected the Brezhnev doctrine, while Romania actually urged its restoration. This was in contradiction with the current political line of Ceauşescu in favor of not interfering in the internal affairs of socialist countries. However, in 1989 it was a threat to communism, which is why historians also have polemics about Romanian suggestions for the armed intervention of the Warsaw Pact in Poland. In turn, Romania did not allow Poland to interfere in the problems of the Polish minority in Bukovina.

scholarly journals Visitando la ciudad de Tianshui. Una mirada a la cultura marcial de la Ruta de la Seda del Norte de China

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Stanley E. Henning
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Short Article ◽  
Cultural Center ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Subject

<p>Tianshui city, located in China’s ancient cultural center in Gansu Province, includes a large rural area known as Qinzhou. This area houses pockets of traditional martial arts culture, which allow one to savor the past in the present, even in the face of China’s unprecedented economic development and social change in recent years. The picture described in this short article is based upon the author’s visits to Tianshui, most recently in 2007, on-site discussions with Professor Cai Zhizhong, who teaches martial arts in the physical education program of Tianshui Normal College, and Professor Cai’s writings on the subject. While the modernization taking place throughout China cannot help but have an influence on Tianshui’s traditional martial arts practices, one comes away hopeful that the strong historical awareness and sense of cultural pride exhibited by the area’s residents will insure a continuing role for Tianshui’s traditional martial arts.</p>

scholarly journals Metaphysics and the Existential Problematic of Human Finitude

Lumen et Vita ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor Nutter
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Finite Horizon ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Intentional Structure ◽  
Working Out ◽  
Human Finitude

Rather than being of little practical importance, the metaphysical underpinnings of a given horizon determine the character of its existential problematic. With the breakdown of classical metaphysics concomitant with the modern turn to the subjective, the existential problematic of finitude as ultimate horizon arose. According to this subjective turn, the human person can no longer engage the world as though it were in itself constituted by transcendently grounded meaning and value. Standing within this genealogical lineage, Martin Heidegger undertook a phenomenological investigation into the existential constitution of the human person which defines authenticity in terms of finitude. For the early Heidegger, human life is essentially ‘guilty’. This guilt, however, is not the traditional cognizance of one’s sinfulness, but the foundational Nichtigkeit (‘nullity’) of life and its attendant possibilities in the light of the ultimate finality of death. Authenticity, then, consists of a resolute working out of one’s life in the face of such inevitable finality. For the later Heidegger, the finite horizon of a particular epochal disclosure gifts Being to thought and determines it thereby. Authenticity in this case consists of giving oneself over to be appropriated by an event of Being. In contrast, Lonergan understands authenticity as being true to that primordial love which beckons us to intellectual probity and responsibility in working out life’s possibilities. This essay will illustrate how Lonergan’s analysis of the intentional structure of human conscious operations stands as a corrective to Heidegger’s early existential analysis of human being-in-the-world and later thought about Being. While Lonergan defines authenticity as loving openness to transcendent Being, Heidegger, because of his forgetfulness of the subject in her conscious operations, does not allow for a transcendence which stands beyond any finite horizon. 

scholarly journals Juridische Soziologien

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Schweitzer
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Emile Durkheim ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Problematic Relationship ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century

Why did the subject of law play a central role in sociology as it emerged? And why is this no longer the case today? This study explains this transformation of the sociological interest in law by means of a genealogical investigation into the mutual references between the jurisprudence of private law and sociology: the way in which, from a legal perspective starting in the 19th century, law has been addressed as a social phenomenon in the face of concrete problems is reflected in the early sociologies of Émile Durkheim, Ferdinand Tönnies and Max Weber. This has led to a mutual demarcation, which places law and sociology in a problematic relationship to each other for the future.

scholarly journals Sweden and the Migration Crisis: Political and Security Aspects

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-61
Author(s):  
Artur Gruszczak
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Adopted Model ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
Political Scene

This article aims to make an insight into the conditions of immigration policy and actions undertaken by the Swedish authorities and political parties in the face of the migration crisis in Europe after 2015. A hypothesis presented here assumes that a decisive evolution of the attitudes of the Swedish authorities, political parties, and society towards a restrictive approach to immigration arose from the awareness of the negative consequences of migration management for the Swedish socio-economic model and the political scene. The theoretical framework used in this article is the concept of policy responsiveness, including the ability of political authorities to respond effectively and lawfully to the needs and expectations of the citizens. Process tracing was applied as a research method useful for following the transformation process of Sweden’s immigration policy. Statistical data, documents issued by the government and political parties, as well as the subject literature were the sources utilised in the research. Conclusions drawn from the research point to the tightening of immigration policy as a result of the fear of a prolonged pull effect on foreigners and concern surrounding the appropriate handling of immigration in full accordance with the adopted model of immigration policy.

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