scholarly journals STRATEGI KERAJAAN BATAK (TAMIANG) MENGHADAPI SERANGAN KESULTANAN ACEH DI ABAD KE-16 M

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Ery Soedewo
Keyword(s):  
State Power ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Defense Strategy ◽  
The Face ◽  
Written Sources

The Batak reign was one of the countries mentioned by Portuguese written sources from the 16th century AD, once existing on the island of Sumatra. In the middle of the 16th century the sovereignty of the Batak Kingdom was threatened by the aggression of the Sultanate of Aceh to its neighboring countries on the island of Sumatra. Through a historical study of the main data in the form of two Portuguese records, Tome Pires and Ferna-O Mendes D. Pinto, it was revealed the potential strengths and strategies adopted by the Batak Kingdom in the face of the Aceh Sultanate's attack. The absence of fortifications as an element of state power, made the Batak Kingdom change its defense strategy from defensive to aggressive. The initiative of the attack carried out by the Batak forces was inseparable from the support of their allied countries. Although the alliance has been formed by the Kingdom of Batak with a number of countries, the glory belongs to the Sultanate of Aceh.

The silence of the ellipses: Why history can’t be about telling our children lies

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Sam Wineburg
Keyword(s):  
History Textbooks ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Many ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Boston Massacre

History textbooks are less likely to be complete renderings of the truth than a series of stories textbook authors (and the many stakeholders who influence them) consider beneficial. Sam Wineburg describes how the process of writing history textbooks often leads to sanitized and inaccurate versions of history. As an example, he describes how the story of Crispus Attucks and the Boston massacre has evolved over time. The goal of historical study, he explains, is not to cultivate love or hate of the country. Rather, it should provide us with the courage needed to look ourselves unflinching in the face, so that we may understand who we were and who we might aspire to become.

Illegal Construction in Hanoi and Hanoi's Wards

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Koh
Keyword(s):  
State Power ◽  
The State ◽  
The People ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Boundaries ◽  
Urban Administration ◽  
Ability And Willingness

AbstractIn the drama of negotiation of state boundaries, the role of local administrators as mediators is indispensable. They mediate between state demands for more discipline and societal demands for more liberties. Their ability and willingness to enforce determines the extent of state power. They are a particular type of elites chosen by the state to administer; yet often they have an irrational and morally corrupt relationship with their subjects. The questions that arise then are: When do the local administrators decide to or not to enforce the rules? What considerations do they hold in the face of contradicting demands for their loyalties? This paper seeks answers to the above questions by examining state enforcement of its construction rules in Hanoi after 1975, in which the ward, a level of local administrators in the urban administration landscape, plays an important role in holding up (or letting down) the fences. I will examine the irrationality of the housing regime that led to widespread offences against construction rules, and then show why and how local administrators may or may not enforce rules. This paper comprises two parts. The first part outlines the nature and history of the housing regime in Vietnam and the situation of state provision of housing to the people. These provide the context in which illegal construction arises. Part Two looks at illegal construction in Hanoi chronologically, and focuses on important episodes. The theme that runs through this paper is the role of local administrators in the reality of illegal construction.

scholarly journals “The Lord Breathed On The Face Of Underworld”: Maximilian Voloshin and Kabbala

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-149
Author(s):  
K.Yu. Burmistrov
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western European ◽  
Written Sources

The acquaintance of Maximilian Aleksandrovich Voloshin (1877–1932), one of the central figures in the history of Russian culture in the first third of the twentieth century, with the tradition of Western European esotericism, as well as with the concepts of Jewish Kabbalah, is still poorly understood. At the same time, it is known that they played an important role in his worldview and creativity. The article offers an analysis of several topics related to Kabbalah, which had a noticeable impact on the work of Voloshin. Particular attention is paid to the problem of establishing written sources of borrowings and interpretations of Kabbalistic ideas, clarifying concepts, as well as ways of transmitting elements of Kabbalah among European and Russian esotericists. Through the study of various works of Voloshin, his diary entries, drafts and correspondence, the names of esoteric authors who are especially important for the study of this topic have been identified (E.P. Blavatsky, A. Fabre d'Olivet, A. Franck, Eliphas Levi and etc.). Through a thorough analysis of the methods of perception and transmission of the ideas of Kabbalah among European esotericists, it was shown that, strange as it may seem, the result of studying such sources and their interpretation by Voloshin was a fairly accurate and adequate use of Kabbalistic concepts both in theoretical works and in poetry.

The making and unmaking of Tarlabasi, Istanbul: an account of territorial stigmatisation

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-460
Author(s):  
Aysegul Can
Keyword(s):  
Urban Renewal ◽  
State Power ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Urban Policies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Important Concept ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Face

Territorial stigmatisation has been drawing attention in the past decade as an important concept in analysing the bad reputation of run-down neighbourhoods and how this bad reputation is used and produced by state agencies. Especially, the links between territorial stigmatisation and urban policies that are followed by state-led gentrification processes have been an emerging discussion in this analysis of understanding the phenomenon of stigmatised places. This paper aims to examine the links and relationships between the concepts of territorial stigmatisation, state-led gentrification and state power in the neighbourhood of Tarlabasi in historic Istanbul. The questions this paper responds to through the analysis of Tarlabasi are: What were the motivations of agencies of power to mobilise stigmatisation of Tarlabasi during urban renewal projects? Why did territorial stigmatisation increase during processes of state-led gentrification? How did the inhabitants of Tarlabasi behave in the face of increased stigma? The paper concludes with reflections on the use of territorial stigmatisation as a tool and accelerator for urban renewal/regeneration/transformation projects as well as its use as a mechanism by which to procure consent from the public.

Setting Global Defense Strategy in the Face of Uncertainty

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Gompert ◽  
Paul Davis ◽  
Stuart Johnson ◽  
Duncan Long
Keyword(s):  
Defense Strategy ◽  
The Face

Examination of the tale of Kerem & Aslı in terms of clothes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saliha Ozelmas Kahya
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Research Data ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Oral Culture ◽  
Folk Tales ◽  
The Past ◽  
Folk Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Written Sources ◽  
Made In

Folktale is the name given to the products of folk literature created on the basis of the deep effect of any event or literal product left a trace in the society in oral culture. It is a long winded type of narration about real or real-like events. They are stories with traditional content which are narrated orally from one generation to the next. They generally deal with love and heroism. Kerem & Aslı is one of the most famous folk tales.Kerem & Aslı tale is one of the folk tales which was revealed by late 16th century, known and liked in other nations than Turkey and Oguz Turkish tribes (Armenian, Georgian, Lezg, etc.) addressing broad masses. Similar tales including Kerem & Aslı tale popular among broad masses are significant sources particularly in terms of revealing cultural values since they represented the past and future of the society.The purpose of this research is to find terms of garment, accessories, fabrics referred in the Kerem & Aslı tale, reveal meanings thereof and provide information about how they were used in the tale. Written sources were reviewed in order to collect research data. The characteristics of clothing of the characters in the Kerem & Aslı tale were revealed and a general assessment was made in the research and what the terms of garment, accessories, fabrics meant was explained. It was determined that the following terms were referred in  the Kerem & Aslı tale; don (underpants), hırka (cardigan), pestamal, libas (clothes), esvap (clothes), saya (clothes), fistan (clothes), kaftan (caftan), gomlek (shirt), arakcın, cevre, serpus, nikab, kalpak, oya (lace), aba, atlas, sal (shawl), yaglık (handkerchief), elvan, kusak (belt), tulbent (gauze).Keywords: folktale, traditional dressing, history of dressing, Kerem & Aslı tale

The Handling of Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia from the Perspective of Nonmilitary Defense Strategy

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 317-329
Author(s):  
Kartoli Cato
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Defense Strategy ◽  
Negative News ◽  
The Face ◽  
Hybrid Threats ◽  
The Government ◽  
Coordination Principle ◽  
Safety Dimension

Pandemic coronavirus disease -2019 (COVID-19) resulted in various aspects of the life of Indonesian people, including aspects of defense and security. The defense state classifies threats into military threats, nonmilitary, and combined or hybrid threats. The epidemic of COVID-19 is a non - military threat with a public safety dimension against the national defense. The bureaucracy that has not been properly integrated, sectoral egos, and negative news about the pandemic have become obstacles in the handling of the COV ID-19 pandemic by the Government of Indonesia. This research aims to analyze the simple handling of the pandemic COVID-19 by the Indonesian Government from the perspective of nonmilitary defense principles. This becomes important to unravel and minimize the obstacles faced so that subsequent handling will be more effective and efficient.  This paper uses descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach and a literature study. With the theory principles of defense strategy of nonmilitary, the author is looking at steps undertaken by Indonesia Government in handling the pandemic COVID-19. The principle of unity of command, coordination principle, the principle of anticipation, and the principle of transparency still need to be improved in a concrete way so that the handling of the pandemic COVID-19 is effective and efficient, could be reached. Building synergies and integrity policymakers consistently and continuously, inevitability to improve the defense state ability in the face of threats, military, nonmilitary and hybrid threats

Against Fortifications: The Defense of Renaissance Bologna

1982 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Tuttle
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Military Architecture ◽  
Good Case ◽  
Charles V ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Economic Considerations ◽  
Comprehensive History ◽  
Written Sources

A comprehensive history of Renaissance military architecture cannot depend solely upon the evidence of built works and theoretical models. The revolution in gunpowder warfare that rendered medieval city walls obsolete around 1500 affected virtually all towns and cities, including those which failed or refused to construct fortifications in the modern manner. Bologna offers a good case in point: although large, wealthy, and strategically located within the Papal State, it consistently and successfully opposed new fortifications throughout the tumultuous 16th century. Drawing upon unstudied visual and written sources, this essay profiles the Bolognese anti-fortification tradition. On three notable occasions Bologna rejected advanced built defenses. Early in the cinquecento the city endured and then demolished a great citadel erected by Julius II; in the 1520s, when Bologna was menaced by the army of Charles V, it was able to avert attack without recourse to the kind of bastioned enceinte envisioned for it by Antonio da Sangallo the Younger; and during the 1560s the city's magistrates successfully frustrated refortification by diplomatic means. On each occasion political and economic considerations triumphed over the putative advantages of modern military architecture.

scholarly journals A EDUCAÇÃO EM DIREITOS HUMANOS COMO MEIO PARA FORMAÇÃO DO POVO PARTICIPATIVO E DO SUJEITO CRÍTICO

Percurso ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (29) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Victor José Amoroso de LIMA ◽  
Teófilo Marcelo de Arêa LEÃO JÚNIOR
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Participatory Democracy ◽  
State Power ◽  
Paulo Freire ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Human Rights Education ◽  
The People ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
The Face ◽  
State Educational

RESUMOObjetivo do presente é estudar a Educação em Direitos Humanos e verificar se poderia ser resolução do seguinte problema: “de qual maneira se poderia obter um Estado onde haja uma verdadeira democracia participativa, e não somente representação desligada do povo que supostamente se representa?.” A metodologia foi dedutiva, com procedimento bibliográfico, partindo da ideia de Müller (2009) e de Paulo Freire (2001), e das suas exigências para povo e homem que verdadeiramente sejam ativos e representantes de si mesmos, perante os desmandos estatais, até a exposição de um processo educacional que acate essas exigências. A justificativa vem da aparente obscuridade do termo “povo” nos artigos da Carta Magna brasileira que serve de legitimação para o poder estatal, e da afirmativa que o país seria democrático, mas ao mesmo tempo não se vê representatividade do todo nas decisões estatais, portanto tem-se que estudar se algum processo poderia resultar em indivíduos que verdadeiramente integrem um Estado Democrático. A conclusão foi que a Educação em Direitos Humanos pode responder aos anseios dos dois autores referidos, criando sujeitos críticos e povo participativo, o que resultaria na democracia real. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Educação; Educação em Direitos Humanos; Democracia. ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to study Human Rights Education and to verify if it could solve the following problem: "in what way could a state be obtained where there is a true participatory democracy, and not only representation detached from the people supposedly represented?" The methodology was deductive, with a bibliographical procedure, based on the idea of Müller (2009) and Paulo Freire (2001), and its demands for people and men who are truly active and self-representatives, in the face of state educational process that meets these requirements. The justification comes from the apparent obscurity of the term "people" in the articles of the Brazilian Constitution that legitimizes state power, and affirms that the country would be democratic, but at the same time it does not see representativeness at all in state decisions. one has to study whether any process could result in individuals who truly comprise a Democratic State. The conclusion was that Human Rights Education can respond to the aspirations of the two authors mentioned, creating critical subjects and participatory people, which would result in real democracy.KEYWORDS: Education; Education in Human Rights; Democracy. 

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